Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
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A Numerical Study on Harnessing Powder Technology to Mechanically Improve Titanium Alloys Used in Aircraft Turbines
Get PDFThis research investigates the use of powder technology to improve the mechanical properties of titanium alloys, particularly for aviation turbine components. It uses advanced computational modeling and simulation methods to examine the mechanical characteristics of titanium alloys made using powder metallurgy processes like powder sintering and additive manufacturing. The study evaluates the impact of process variables, powder properties, and post-processing processes on the performance of the finished titanium alloy components. The simulation of powder in aircraft engine turbine manufacturing involves creating a model of a standard engine and adding titanium powder layers to increase its aerodynamic resistance. The model is then entered into the FSI system, where aerodynamics are studied at speeds of 200, 400, and 600 km/h. The properties of Ti–6Al–4V are then applied to the turbine structure using different thicknesses of powder. The speed of a plane impacts the air flow speed and gradients of an engine turbine, causing a force on the blades. The thickness of the powder layer affects the deformations caused by air force. Powder technology offers benefits, with the 5mm layer having the highest deformation. The stress generated by the plane's force is 3.2 GPa, while the deformation value is 0.452 m at 600 km/h
A Scoping Review of Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Nursing and Engineering in Healthcare
Get PDFThis scoping review explores the interdisciplinary collaboration between nursing and engineering in healthcare, focusing on how such collaborations can address complex healthcare challenges. It aims to investigate the nature, roles, processes, and outcomes of the partnerships between nursing and engineering professionals. The review identifies existing gaps in the literature and proposes the development of programs to facilitate further collaboration. By combining engineering's technological expertise and nursing's patient-centered care focus, the partnership can drive innovation and improve healthcare outcomes, making care more accessible, efficient, and sustainable. This review highlights the importance of educational initiatives and interdisciplinary training to foster future collaborations in healthcare settings
Prevalence of Pityriasis Rosea and Psychological Risk Factors in KSA: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limiting skin condition with uncertain etiology, affecting individuals globally. Its prevalence and psychological associations in Saudi Arabia (KSA) remain poorly understood. This systematic review examines the epidemiology of PR and investigates potential psychological risk factors, aiming to provide evidence for improved diagnostic and management approaches.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for observational studies and clinical trials reporting PR prevalence or psychological factors as risk contributors in KSA. Studies involving Saudi populations clinically or histologically diagnosed with PR were included. Data extraction focused on prevalence rates, psychological associations, and methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were conducted where data homogeneity permitted.
Results: From 24 initial studies, 15 full-text articles were reviewed, with four meeting inclusion criteria. PR prevalence in KSA ranged from 5.3% to 12.1% of dermatological cases. Psychological impacts, assessed via validated tools (DLQI, HAD scales), revealed correlations between PR visibility and quality-of-life impairment. However, no significant association was identified between psychological factors (e.g., stress, anxiety) and PR onset. One study highlighted the psychosocial burden of PR, emphasizing its secondary mental health impacts rather than predisposing psychological vulnerabilities.
Conclusion: The review identified PR as a notable dermatological condition in KSA, with a prevalence of up to 12.1%. Psychological consequences, primarily driven by disease visibility and chronicity, highlight the need for integrated management addressing both dermatological and psychological aspects. Further research is warranted to explore causative factors and refine holistic treatment strategies
Free Convective Thermal Transmission through Distinct Geometrical Shapes
Get PDFA numerical study was done to analyze the conjugate convective thermal transmission through an enclosure containing a solid object. The geometrical shape of the inserted object was changed many times to check the influence of changing the geometry on both heat transfer process and fluid flow. COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 was utilized to present the findings in terms of isotherms , stream function and Nusslet number. The working fluid here is air of prandtle number of 0.7. The effect of Ra on both Nu and the heat transfer process was studied here. There is also a comparison between the results of the different geometries to check which one has achieved the best results. It is worthy to mention that a validation process was done with a previous study to check the validity of the past results. The application of this field is so common in nuclear reactors and energy storage
Canagliflozin Possible Roles: A Potential Antifibrotic Agent in Diabetic Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in comparison with Metformin
Get PDFIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by extensive fibrosis, leading to respiratory failure and significant mortality. The disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood, but evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 diabetes, may exacerbate IPF progression through hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and profibrotic signaling pathways. The increasing prevalence of both DM and IPF underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting overlapping mechanisms of these diseases. Recent studies suggest that metformin has beneficial role as antifibrotic agent in IPF, also certain antidiabetic agent particularly canagliflozin, may exhibit antifibrotic properties beyond its glucose-lowering effects. Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has shown potential in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in various organ systems, including the kidneys and heart. Its ability to modulate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways may contribute to its antifibrotic effects. Similarly, metformin, a widely used biguanide, has demonstrated pleiotropic benefits, including antifibrotic properties through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation downregulates TGF-β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), both critical mediators of fibrotic processes. Emerging preclinical studies suggest that Canagliflozin may attenuate fibrotic changes in experimental models of lung fibrosis, providing a rationale for its exploration in IPF management. This review highlights the dual benefits of canagliflozin and metformin in the context of DM and IPF, focusing on their antifibrotic mechanisms. We discuss preclinical and clinical evidence, mechanisms underlying fibrosis modulation, and their translational potential in IPF therapy. Additionally, the review explores the safety profile and possible synergistic effects of combining these agents. While promising, the current evidence is preliminary, necessitating robust clinical trials to establish Canagliflozin efficacy and safety in IPF. The therapeutic repurposing of these antidiabetic drugs offers a novel avenue to address the unmet needs of patients with diabetic IPF, providing hope for a disease with limited treatment options
Role of Family Physician in Screening and Management of Female Reproductive Disorders Among Type 1 Diabetic University Students
Get PDFBackground: Female university students with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique reproductive health challenges, including menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), fertility concerns, and increased risks of pregnancy complications. The family physician plays a pivotal role in screening and managing these conditions, offering comprehensive care that integrates endocrinological, gynecological, and psychosocial aspects. Given the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on reproductive function, early intervention is crucial for optimal health outcomes. Family physicians conduct routine assessments of menstrual cycles, ovarian reserve, and metabolic parameters to detect early signs of reproductive dysfunction. They employ diagnostic tools such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring, hormonal profiling, and ultrasound evaluations to ensure timely identification of disorders. In cases of PCOS, physicians guide patients on lifestyle modifications, insulin-sensitizing therapies, and pharmacological treatments tailored to diabetic patients. Fertility counseling is an essential component of care, addressing the effects of glycemic fluctuations on ovulatory function and pregnancy outcomes. Family physicians emphasize preconception planning, advocating for strict glycemic control to reduce congenital anomalies and adverse maternal complications. Additionally, they provide contraceptive counseling, balancing the risks of hormonal therapies with metabolic stability in diabetic women. The role of family physicians extends beyond clinical management to include preventive care, such as screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and ensuring vaccinations against human papillomavirus (HPV). They also offer guidance on bone health preservation, given the increased risk of osteoporosis in T1D patients. Moreover, physicians provide psychosocial support, recognizing the interplay between mental health and reproductive well-being in young diabetic women. In conclusion, family physicians serve as primary care providers who integrate medical, lifestyle, and psychological interventions to optimize reproductive health outcomes in university students with T1D. Their proactive approach ensures early detection and effective management, enhancing overall quality of life for affected individuals
Applying Powder Technology to Improve the Performance of Copper Alloys used in HVAC Pipe Underground
Get PDFThe use of powder technology to enhance the performance of copper alloys in underground HVAC pipes. Powder technology, which includes processes like powder metallurgy and nanomaterial integration, allows for precise customization of copper alloys to meet specific requirements for subterranean HVAC systems. This research aims to develop more durable, long-lasting materials that ensure the reliability and effectiveness of subterranean HVAC pipes, offering insight into the cutting-edge methodology influencing the direction of subsurface HVAC systems. A pipe design with a diameter of 1in and a length of 500 mm was cast from copper powder materials, Cu and CuNiSiCr, to determine the differences in results. Three underground depths and powder thicknesses were used for pressure and powder thickness, with varying results for each depth. The depth of an underground pipe affects vertical force, stresses, and deformations in Cu powder. The deformation value increases with depth, reaching 0.57 mm at 3 meters. The stress increases with depth, reaching 0.54 MPa. The quality of CuNiSiCr powder improves with changes in powder quality, with deformation decreasing to 0.05 mm at 1 meter depth. Increasing copper powder tube thickness improves mechanical stress, with stresses nearly nonexistent at 3 mm thickness
Using The Taguchi Technique To Examine Concrete Durability By Applying Forta, Polyester, And Micro Silica Fibers In Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Get PDFThe goal of this study was to examine the durability of concrete using Forta, polyester, and micro-silica fibers against freeze-thaw cycles by employing the Taguchi technique. To this end, the experimental Taguchi technique was employed to achieve an optimum mix design with certain percentages of fibers and micro-silica, as following a 28-day age, [concrete] cubic specimens were subjected to 50 freezing and thawing cycles. These specimens were then compared to conventionally cured concrete at ambient temperature. As indicated by the National Mix Design, compressive strength experiments were conducted in line with the ISIRI 3206 Regulation, and the Brazilian Tensile Strength experiment followed the ASTM C496. For each experiment, 6 concrete specimens with fibers and admixtures and 6 more without fibers and admixtures were fabricated and then compared. As revealed by the findings, to test compressive strength in the C25 Mode, the simultaneous use of both Forta (Forta= 1.5) and polyester (Polyester= 3) fibers at the highest level, i.e., in Specimen No. 4, exhibited a significant increase in compressive strength. Also, to test tensile strength in the C25 Mode, the simultaneous use of both Forta (Forta= 1.5) and polyester (Polyester= 3) fibers at the highest level, i.e., in Specimen No. 4, exhibited a good increase in tensile strength
Evaluation and Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adults in KSA: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant public health concern in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This systematic review aimed to evaluate strategies for diagnosing and managing IDA among adults in KSA.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases and grey literature sources to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews/meta-analyses reporting on the evaluation or management of IDA among adults in KSA. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.
Results: The initial search yielded 207 studies, with 42 full-text articles reviewed. Only three studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. AlSulayyim et al. revealed wide variability in pediatric IDA management practices among physicians in Riyadh, emphasizing the need for intervention programs and national guidelines. AlAyoubi et al. found gender disparities in anemia prevalence among young adults in Riyadh, with females at higher risk. Owaidah et al. conducted a national epidemiological survey highlighting the prevalence of ID and IDA among young university students in Saudi Arabia, with a particular burden observed among females.
Conclusion: The reviewed studies underscored the complexity of IDA in KSA, with variability in clinical practices, gender disparities, and nutritional deficiencies playing significant roles. Multifaceted interventions, including standardized management guidelines and gender-specific strategies, are necessary to address the burden of IDA effectively in the Kingdom. Further research is needed to explore additional factors contributing to IDA and evaluate the long-term efficacy of interventions in this population
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Treatment and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) with no known cause, is the most common and deadly of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. With a median survival of 3–5 years following diagnosis, IPF is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and quality of life in most patients. Prognostic factors recognized classically that influence mortality include functional, clinical and radiological parameters. However, in recent years, there has also been progress in the knowledge of genetic factors and biomarkers that may be useful in the prognostic evaluation of these patients. On the other hand, the monitoring of the disease throughout its evolution is key to improving the prognosis of the patients, as it allows for taking therapeutic measures based on this evolution, even early remission for lung transplantation. This article reviews the main prognostic factors of the disease, as well as the most useful way to monitor the disease follow-up