Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
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Analysis of a Reliability Model of an Off-Grid Solar System and a Generator Under Conditional Repair
Get PDFIn this paper, a reliability model of an off-grid solar system (subsystem-A) and a generator (subsystem-B) is developed to analyze the numerous reliability measures such as mean time to system failure, availability, busy period of the technician and profit of the system model. Subsystem-A is a primary source of electricity and is initially operative whereas subsystem-B is a backup unit in cold standby mode. A technician is hired to perform all the repair and associated activities who attends subsystem-A at its failure and starts its repair instantly, whereas subsystem-B undergoes inspection to identify the requirement of minor/major repair. Failure and repair rates are distributed exponentially while general distribution is taken for activation rate of subsystem-A and operation rate for both the subsystems. Semi-Markov process and regenerative point techniques are applied to find the reliability measures. For arbitrary values, MTSF and profit of the system model are analyzed, and their graphs are drawn to show the impact of conditional repair on the system model. From the outputs we observe that the conditional repair policy plays key role while optimizing the MTSF and profit of the system model
A GAN-Based Coverless Video Steganography Utilizing Inter-Frame Similarity
Get PDFGAN-based coverless video steganography method that enhances data security without modifying the carrier media. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is employed to create synthetic video sequences, which are mapped to secret data, forming a Secret Communication Video Database (SCVD). The proposed method generated inter-frame using GAN and use its similarity for improved embedding capacity and security. Unlike conventional methods, this approach eliminates the need for auxiliary data transmission, reducing the risk of steganalysis detection. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of this technique over existing methods in terms of robustness, embedding capacity, and security
Design and Implementation of a Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna Array with Integrated Lens for Automotive Radar Applications
Get PDFA modern analysis of next-generation automotive radar designs examines the antenna array methodology together with its electromagnetic simulations and experimental data validation of engineered dielectric lens microstrip arrays. The proposed system functions in the 76-81 GHz automotive bandwidth and performs superior to standard planar array configurations. The combination of an innovative dielectric lens structure allows our design to generate exceptional beam-forming capabilities because it delivers a measured peak gain of 32 dBi at 77 GHz, which surpasses regular implementation methods. The system provides top-level angular resolution through its 2.5-degree 3 dB beamwidth while offering excellent sidelobe suppression reaching below -20 dB level within the operational frequency bands. Engineering analysis results together with laboratory measurements confirm that the design successfully fulfills the demanding specifications that ADAS and autonomous vehicle systems require. Advanced characteristics of the architecture encompass its ability to perform wide-angle beam scanning ranging from ±30° with stable gain distribution, excellent impedance adaptability, and strong resistance to external disturbances. Automotive radar technology has received substantial growth through this research, which provides an effective approach to achieve detailed target recognition in challenging highway environments
Topical Hydrogel Formulation of Naproxen: Design and Evaluation for Improved Therapy on Topical Administration
Get PDFTopical gel compositions are designed to be applied topically or to specific mucosal surfaces in order to provide localised or transdermal drug penetration, as well as emollient or protective properties. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are non-steroidal drugs with good analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties; nevertheless, when used orally, NSAIDs can cause GIT ulcers as well as liver and renal problems. Several NSAIDs are now more often applied topically due to the negative pharmacological reaction that oral versions might cause. To prepare topical hydrogel formulations of naproxen (NAP), hydrophilic polymers such as carrageenan (CaR) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-K100M) were employed at different doses. Evaluation tests were conducted for assay, viscosity, spreadability, pH, visual appearance, and in vitro drug release. Utilising the USP V dissolving equipment, in vitro drug release studies were conducted to examine the impact of polymer composition on the rate of drug release from gel formulations at 37 ± 0.5 oC. The physicochemical properties of formulation did not exhibit any significant changes during exposure to accelerated temperature and humidity settings of 40 ± 2 oC and 75 ± 5% RH, respectively. Based on in vitro assessment experiments, it was determined that the gel formulation containing 0.5% w/v CaR and 0.75% w/v HPMC ratio was appropriate for topical administration. These findings imply that the topical gel formulation of NAP produced promising results
Re-Imaging Intellectual Property Rights: Interactions of Law, Technology, Economics, and Social Innovations
Get PDFIntellectual property rights (IPR) have undergone a paradigm change as new technologies quickly find their place in many spheres of life. With IPR in the digital era, this thorough research aims to untangle the complex dynamics around the junction of developing technologies, including artificial intelligence, block chain, and biotechnology. The main goal is to examine the possibilities and difficulties resulting from this synergy, so helping to provide a complex knowledge of the changing intellectual property scene. The historical development of IPR is investigated in great detail in order to help one to understand the conventional ideas guiding this legal domain. Building on this historical background, the paper explores how modern technologies affect trademark laws, copyright, and patent law. Notable developments in artificial intelligence call for a critical examination of their consequences since they pose problems regarding patentable subject matter and algorithmic innovations. Likewise, biotechnological developments bring ethical questions that demand an analysis of how they affect the patentability of new ideas. The study ends with suggestions for legal adaptations to ensure that intellectual property laws remain strong and flexible in the face of the opportunities and problems brought about by the digital age
Eco-Friendly Pavement Solutions: Performance and Thermal Study of Steel Slag waste Modified Asphalt Mixes
Get PDFThe analysis of the behavioral change of temperature on rigid pavement is a critical aspect of understanding the performance and durability of Bituminous concrete roadways. Temperature fluctuations significantly impact the rigid pavement, leading to distresses such as cracking, deformation, and reduced service life. This experimental study aims to analyse the temperature distribution in Bituminous Concrete pavement with varying percentage of steel slag and to develop strategies to mitigate potential issues. To achieve this objective, a representative section of rigid pavement was selected for testing. The pavement sample was constructed according to standard specifications, ensuring it accurately represents real-world conditions. The sample consisted of typical layers found in a rigid pavement structure, including the concrete slab, base, and sub base layers. The collected data was analyzed to understand the effects of temperature changes on the rigid pavement. Statistical analysis and visualization techniques were employed to identify patterns, trends, and correlations between temperature variations and the observed behavioral changes. The analysis provided insights into the susceptibility of rigid pavements to temperature-induced distress, such as thermal cracking and differential expansion
Reinforcement Learning-Based Control Strategies for Autonomous Robotic Systems
Get PDFThis research looks into the implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) principles into robotics with a particular interest in controlling autonomous systems. It examines various RL methods, such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), and Deep Q-Networks (DQN), to improve robotic decision-making processes. Using information from Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, we focus on real-time processing of sensor data and demonstrate greater levels of efficiency and flexibility within active settings. Quantitative data illustrates notable advancements in stability, accuracy, and spatial economic efficiency, which further the development of robotic autonomy
A Review on the Role of Family Physicians in Early Detection and Management of Chronic Diseases
Get PDFThis review explores the critical role of family physicians in the early detection and management of chronic diseases. With the prevalence of chronic conditions escalating globally, family physicians stand at the frontline of healthcare, offering a unique advantage in managing these diseases due to their holistic and continuous care approach. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating family health history into patient assessments to enhance the early identification of at-risk individuals, thereby facilitating timely and effective interventions. Moreover, it examines the influence of socio-economic and environmental factors on disease progression and the effectiveness of primary care in mitigating the burden of chronic diseases. Through the lens of the Chronic Care Model and other primary care frameworks, this paper discusses strategies that aim to bolster the management capabilities of family physicians, offering insights into the complexities of handling multiple chronic conditions and highlighting the need for systems that prioritize proactive over reactive care
Mixed dc Electrical Conduction in Zinc Potassium Doped Borate Glasses
Get PDFA series of borate glass system in the composition (K2O) x -(ZnO)0.5-x-(B2O3)0.5; x=0.08,0.16,0.24,0.32 and 0.40 has been prepared using melt quench technique. The samples were annealed at 453K, to remove any thermal strains present in the glass matrix. The XRD pattern confirms the non-crystalline nature of the glass systems. The room temperature density of the glass samples was measured by adopting Archimedes principle and molar volume estimated. The oxygen packing densities were calculated using molar volume. The room temperature density and molar volume varied non-linearly and appositively with mole fraction of K2O. DC electrical conductivity was estimated in the temperature range 313 K to 473 K by using two probe method. The high temperature activation energy was calculated for T >θD/2 in the light of Mott’s small polaron hopping model. Various small polaron hopping parameters such as small polaron radius, effective dielectric constant, polaron band width, optical phonon frequency, small polaron coupling constant, density of states at Fermi level have been calculated and discussed. The nonlinear variation of conductivity and activation energy with mole fraction of K2O shows the changeover of conduction mechanism taking place in present series of glasses at x=0.24. It is for the first time that two dominant conduction mechanism regimes were observed in potassium-zinc-borate glass systems
Performance evaluation of green suppliers using the integrated Fuzzy DEMATEL-AHP-VIKOR Multi criteria decision making techniques
Get PDFGreen Supply Chain Management (GSCM) strives to decrease, if not eliminate, supply chain operations' negative environmental effects. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) strategies should be utilized to evaluate suppliers' GSCM performance because GSCM includes multi-dimensional methods. To address complex and confounding multi-attribute questions in a fuzzy environment, it is essential to devise fuzzy group decision making techniques. The present work introduces a methodology for evaluating the performance of firms in Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) with regards to green design, green image, green transformation, green logistics, and green management system. This approach relies on integrated fuzzy MCDM techniques. The fuzzy DEMATEL approach is used to calculate the cause and effect corelation between GSCM dimensions. Based on this association, the fuzzy AHP technique is utilized to generate the weights of the relevant criterion. Finally, the fuzzy VIKOR technique is used to evaluate and rank the GSCM performance of alternative suppliers or organizations using the weights obtained from the fuzzy AHP method