Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
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Enhancing WSN Performance: A Hybrid DA-SA Model for Energy Efficiency Clustering and Data Transmission
Get PDFWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of numerous battery-powered sensor nodes, whose limited energy reserves significantly impact the network's lifespan. Prolonging the operational lifetime of WSNs is critical, particularly for energy-efficient data transmission and routing. Clustering, a key technique in WSNs, relies heavily on the optimal selection of cluster heads (CHs) to manage data aggregation and routing efficiently. However, ensuring energy efficiency while maximizing the network's lifespan and minimizing delays remains a formidable challenge in WSN design. In order to address these challenges, a hybrid optimization approach combining the Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) with Simulated Annealing (SA) is proposed. This approach leverages DA's exploration capabilities for identifying potential CHs and SA's exploitation mechanisms for fine-tuning the selection process based on critical constraints such as residual energy, node distance, and packet transmission ratios. The hybrid model ensures centralized cluster formation, with the base station selecting CHs and notifying cluster nodes of their assignments. During data routing, the algorithm evaluates paths based on fitness values, selecting the most energy-efficient and latency-minimized route to the sink node. The proposed DA-SA approach demonstrates improved energy efficiency, prolonged network lifetime, and reduced computational overhead compared to traditional methods
A Study on Impact of Social Media on Youth in Coimbatore
Get PDFThe speed of Internet has changed the way people receive the information. It combines the immediacy of broadcast with the in-depth coverage of newspapers making it perfect sources for news and weather information. Even with the multimedia excitement of the web, Electronic mail (email) is the most frequently used application of the Internet. Many people, who have access to the Internet at school, home and at work place use the Internet for no other purpose than to send and to receive the mail. Through social networking, people can use networks of online friends and group memberships to keep in touch with current friends, reconnect with old friends or create real life friendships through similar interests or groups. Most social networking websites also offer additional features. In addition to blogs and forums, members can express themselves by designing their profile page to reflect their personality. The most popular extra features include music and video sections. The video section can include everything from member generated videos from hundreds of subjects to TV clips and movie trailers (Youtube). In this paper it initiates the impact of SOCIAL MEDIA on youth
A Comparative Evaluation And Validation Of Proposed Techniques Against Established Security Methods
Get PDFWith the increasing reliance on satellite communication for critical applications such as defense, weather forecasting, navigation, and global connectivity, ensuring secure transmission from ground stations to space has become paramount. Traditional security methodologies, including encryption and authentication protocols, have been widely used to safeguard satellite communication. However, the evolving landscape of cyber threats necessitates the development of novel security techniques to counter emerging risks. This study presents a comparative evaluation and validation of proposed cybersecurity techniques against established security methods for securing ground-to-space communication in satellite networks. The research systematically analyzes the vulnerabilities present in existing security frameworks, including the risks posed by jamming, spoofing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and data interception. In response, we propose an enhanced security architecture integrating advanced cryptographic techniques, quantum encryption, AI-driven anomaly detection, and blockchain-based authentication mechanisms. These proposed methodologies are rigorously tested against traditional security frameworks such as AES, RSA, and ECC-based encryption techniques. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions, a series of simulations and real-time testbed evaluations are conducted under varying threat conditions. Performance metrics, including data integrity, latency, computational efficiency, and resilience against cyber-attacks, are measured to compare the security efficacy of both established and proposed techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed security framework significantly enhances communication integrity and confidentiality while mitigating potential cyber threats. This study contributes to the growing field of satellite cybersecurity by offering a comprehensive evaluation of security mechanisms and providing a validated approach for improving the resilience of satellite communication systems. The findings of this research have critical implications for governmental space agencies, private space organizations, and defense sectors, ensuring robust and future-ready security solutions for satellite-based communicatio
Exploring The Integration Of Universal Human Values In Arts And Science Education: Perceptions, Predictive Analysis, And Pathways To Uhv-Stem Using Clustering
Get PDFOne of the key educational trends of the modern era is the emphasis on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) education. STEM concepts are used in almost every educational institution, creating the impression that STEM education is promoted globally. At the one end STEM education model enhancing across the world, another side agitation among students is also enhancing. Therefore, this seems that STEM movement, only cannot, lead harmony in Human being. In this paper UHV-STEM model has been proposed and research has been validated using real data set collected by teaching Universal Human Values (UHV) to students and teachers of different discipline, and outcome has been analyzed by applying various clustering algorithms used for identifying pattern for course, subject, program selection by art and science students as well teachers. Two aspects of students' performance have been focused upon course selection specifically related to adoption of education model as UHV-STEM or UHV-STEAM. Combinations of the progression and cluster-based classification results are formulated using various identified clustering Algorithms
Musa Champa Fruit Peel Ash: A Renewable And Highly Effective Heterogeneous Base Catalyst For Biodiesel Production From Linum Usitatissimum (Linn.) (Flaxseed) Oil As A Source
Get PDFThe use of a biomass-derived catalyst for bio-diesel production has gained attention today. The heterogeneous catalyst derived from the fruit peel of Musa champa fruit, a waste biomass material, was a highly efficacious catalyst for biodiesel manufacture. The present work reveals catalytic activities of varying catalyst loading; prepared from the fruit peel of Musa champa and applied in biodiesel production from Linum usitatissimum (Linn.) oil, commonly known as flax seed. The ash of Musa champa (MCA) fruit peel, which has a good content of potassium, demonstratedthe greatest level of catalytic activity. The catalyst has been characterized by FTIR, FESEM, and TGA analysis. Conversion of oil to bio-diesel was confirmed by NMR and GC-MS techniques. This low-cost and environmentally benign catalyst claims a novel procedure for the manufacture of bio-diesel from Linum usitatissimum (Linn.) oil
Thermal performance study using parabolic collector and cavity receiver using nano-storage materials for solar drying of apples in Baghdad, Iraq
Get PDFDrying serves as both a preservation method and a processing step for certain products. It is utilized in both rural and industrial settings,particularly within the food processing industry
Dryers that operate on fossil fuels consume significant amounts of energy.Given the rising costs of oil in recent years, which are likely to continue increasing, it is essential to develop drying systems that do not rely on traditional energy sources. Solar drying is one such method that harnesses solar radiation as a free and renewable energy source
Solar dryers are relatively easy to construct using locally available materials and tools, and they can function through natural or forced convection The drying process requires energy and heat, which depend on various factors, including the relative humidity of the air, the drying temperature, the characteristics of the product (such as thickness, surface area, and air resistance), and the moisture content of the item being dried.Consequently, the performance of the dryer is directly influenced by the level of solar irradiation and the relative humidity in the area where it is used
Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite on the Microhardness of Posterior Bulkfill and Nanohybrid Composite Resin
Get PDFAim : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the microhardness of Posterior Bulkfill and Nanohybrid composite resin.
Methods: 34 disc-shaped composite samples were prepared using Teflon moulds of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm depth and divided into Group 1 and Group 2, with 17 samples each of Bulkfill composite and Nanohybrid composite, respectively. The samples were immersed in 5ml of 5% NaOCl for 40 minutes and the solution was replenished after every 5 minutes. Pre and post immersion Vickers hardness testing was performed for each group using a 100-gram load and dwell time of 10 seconds on top surface. Statistical analysis was done.
Results: Mean initial microhardness was 68.09±5.73 and 61.05±5.13 for Bulkfill and nanohybrid composite discs, respectively. After immersion, the microhardness reduced to 63.14±4.68 for Bulkfill and 57.05±4.92 for Nanohybrid composite, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. (p<0.05)
Conclusion: Bulkfill and Nanohybrid composite resins showed decrease in microhardness on exposure to 5% NaOCl used as endodontic irrigant thus necessitating replacement of pre-endodontic build-up before final post endodontic restoration
FER-Sys: A Real-Time Facial Emotion Recognition System Using Deepface And CNN Frameworks
Get PDFFacial Emotion Recognition (FER) is a crucial aspect of developing emotionally aware human-computer interfaces. Existing models have achieved significant milestones but often lack flexibility or real-time performance. In this paper, we present FER-Sys, a comparative implementation of two approaches: the DeepFace framework and a custom-built Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using Keras. These models were trained and evaluated on standard datasets, integrated into real-time webcam applications, and benchmarked for performance. The system’s architecture enables facial alignment, emotion classification, and real-time prediction, with practical implications for emotionaware applications
Fake Social Media Profile Detection And Reporting
Get PDF The proliferation of fraudulent profiles on social media platforms poses significant threats to user security, trust, and overall platform integrity. This research proposes a machine learning-based framework for the detection of fake social media profiles by leveraging a wide range of features extracted from user content, behavioral patterns, and network structures. A labeled dataset comprising genuine and fake profiles is utilized to train and evaluate the system. In addition to detection, the framework incorporates a reporting mechanism that allows users to flag suspicious accounts, thereby supporting the proactive removal of malicious entities. The system's performance is assessed using standard classification metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through deployment on a real-world social media environment to demonstrate its practical utility in reducing the spread of fraudulent accounts and enhancing user experience