Revistes UdG (Universidad de Girona)
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Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
No full textThe paper analyses the concept of «intime conviction» from the perspective of the German reformed inquisitorial criminal procedure. It starts off with the discussion of the foundations of the concept and explains how it – in essence, a flexible method to assess the available evidence – is integrated in the larger topic of the law of evidence, especially its production and evaluation (infra 1.). One key issue in this regard is how much freedom is given to the adjudicator to carry out the evidentiary evaluation and how this freedom relates to the applicable standard of proof (Beweismaßstab, estándar probatorio), being «beyond any reasonable doubt» (BARD) the most popular one. At any rate, in a (reformed) inquisitorial system all persons involved in the evidentiary process should be guided by the search for truth. To fully understand «intime conviction» and how it operates in the reformed inquisitorial procedure it is necessary to take a look at the historical development and the different factors influencing this development (2.). Here again the importance of the fact-finding authority (professional judges vs. laypersons, especially jury) comes to light and its dependence or at least relationship with the system of evidentiary evaluation. It will be seen that while the current system is based on the historical precedents the historical development has not been linear. This current system is then analysed in the following section (3.). It will be shown that it moves somewhere between the former system of legal proof and free evaluation. An expansive appeals jurisprudence has increasingly turned the «free conviction» into a sort of «conviction raisonnée», the lack of remaining (reasonable) doubts as a basis for a conviction makes clear that it is the BARD standard which effectively informs the intime conviction method in substantive terms. The paper closes with some further considerations on the justification of the (high) standard and the (formally not necessary) proof of defences (4.)
Could Robot Judges Believe? Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial as we approach the Digital Age: A Comment on Sarah Summers «Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial: Truth, Proof, and Rights»
No full textCriminal proof is unique, in that it must be able to account for the justification of both: accurate fact-finding and a fair trial. This is Sarah Summers’ main message in her article on the epistemic ambitions of the criminal trial, which focusses on belief as a sort of proxy for societal acceptance of truth as a set of facts established by compliance to procedural rules. This commentary tests her finding by scrutinizing whether it is conceivable that robots, complying to all rules, assist in fact-finding with a specific form of legal belief based on a sophisticated probability weighting opaque to humans. The result is in accordance with Sarah Summers: as long as robots cannot explain their beliefs, any criminal proof based on them flounders as it can neither be part of a fair trial nor ensure acceptance in the existing institutional framework
TOTALITARISMO Y PREJUICIO DE LA NACIÓN ESPAÑOLA
No full textLa historia jurídica del totalitarismo franquista presenta problemas epistemológicos propios en general de la historia jurídica contemporánea y relacionados en particular con el hecho de que se trate de un período político que constituye un paréntesis en la historia constitucional de España. Este trabajo analiza la forma en la que en los años 50 de la dictadura se asientan los principios políticos y jurídicos del Movimiento Nacional, y especialmente el desarrollo teórico de la construcción jurídica del Estado y la idea de la comunidad nacional en un tiempo en el que la población española comienza a caracterizarse por una mayor formación cultural proclive al avance social de un pensamiento político individualizado que se suma a la opinión pública manifestada por los medios de comunicación social. En esta conexión entre Estado y comunidad nacional cobra importancia obviamente el concepto de nación, porque permite la interpretación de los fundamentos ideológicos y jurídicos del totalitarismo en contraste con la España moderna y liberal, y también porque facilita su valoración como un concepto histórico concreto frente al cual posteriores corrientes políticas e historiográficas postulan una comprensión abstracta que responde a una orientada función política o prejuicio de la historia
Los referéndum franquistas: estudio jurídico
No full textEste trabajo se propone estudiar, desde una perspectiva jurídica, los Referéndum franquistas de 1947 y 1966, identificándose en la normativa dictada ad hoc los puntos exactos en donde esas disposiciones facilitaban la distorsión y manipulación del proceso electoral. Igualmente se analizan otros medios de presión que, al margen de las normas, se arbitraron para fomentar la participación y conseguir el voto positivo, objetivos perseguidos en ambos referéndum. Especialmente significativos a estos efectos fueron los rumores sobre posibles sanciones y represalias y, muy especialmente, la campaña de propaganda oficial que precedió a los dos plebiscitos
La traducció medieval d’Andreu Febrer en les traduccions catalanes de la «Divina comèdia» del nou-cents
Get PDFRESUM: En aquest article s’aporten exemples textuals que mostren que els traductors de la Divina comèdia del segle xx —sobretot Antoni d’Espona, Antoni Rubió i Lluch i Josep Maria de Sagarra— van consultar la traducció medieval d’Andreu Febrer, editada per Vidal i de Valenciano el 1878. Ja se sabia que els inteŀlectuals de l’època van donar una importància cabdal a aquesta traducció a partir de la segona meitat del vuitcents i, especialment, amb motiu del sisè centenari de la mort de Dante Alighieri el 1921. Ara demostrem que a l’època no només va ser un text molt valorat pels estudiosos, sinó que també circulava entre els escriptors i traductors i que, a més, va influir en les seves respectives traduccions.ABSTRACT: In this article, some textual examples are provided to show that the translators of the DivineComedy in Catalan throughout the 20th century —especially Antoni d’Espona, Antoni Rubió i Lluch, and Josep Maria de Sagarra— referred to Andreu Febrer’s medieval translation, which was edited by Vidal i de Valenciano in 1878. It is known that the scholars of that time gave a great importance to this translation from the second half of the 19th century onwards, and more precisely, when commemorating the sixth centenary of Dante Alighieri’s death in 1921. Here it is proved that not only was this text highly valued by scholars, but it was also read by writers and translators. This is known because the medieval translation influenced these modern Catalan translations.En aquest article s’aporten exemples textuals que mostren que els traductors de la Divina comèdia del segle xx —sobretot Antoni d’Espona, Antoni Rubió i Lluch i Josep Maria de Sagarra— van consultar la traducció medieval d’Andreu Febrer, editada per Vidal i de Valenciano el 1878. Ja se sabia que els inteŀlectuals de l’època van donar una importància cabdal a aquesta traducció a partir de la segona meitat del vuitcents i, especialment, amb motiu del sisè centenari de la mort de Dante Alighieri el 1921. Ara demostrem que a l’època no només va ser un text molt valorat pels estudiosos, sinó que també circulava entre els escriptors i traductors i que, a més, va influir en les seves respectives traduccions.In this article, some textual examples are provided to show that the translators of the DivineComedy in Catalan throughout the 20th century —especially Antoni d’Espona, Antoni Rubió i Lluch, and Josep Maria de Sagarra— referred to Andreu Febrer’s medieval translation, which was edited by Vidal i de Valenciano in 1878. It is known that the scholars of that time gave a great importance to this translation from the second half of the 19th century onwards, and more precisely, when commemorating the sixth centenary of Dante Alighieri’s death in 1921. Here it is proved that not only was this text highly valued by scholars, but it was also read by writers and translators. This is known because the medieval translation influenced these modern Catalan translations
Reflections on the Circulation of Wisdom Literature in Late Medieval Aragon and Castile
Get PDFABSTRACT: This article studies three stages in the circulation of wisdom literature in Aragon and Castile in the later Middle Ages: 1) Origins: wisdom texts in romance were preceded by texts in Arabic, Hebrew and Latin. By the time these romance texts appeared there was a highly developed (in terms of aids for the reader) of florilegia in Latin which, often dependent on other florilegia, preserved a wide range of authors, both familiar and rare. 2) Manuscript context: a conspectus of the manuscripts in which the vernacular texts are found suggests that scribes (or perhaps rather editors) had a sense of what defined wisdom as a genre. 3) Consumption: the article concludes with the use which romance authors made of the Latin florilegia and testifies to the function of these florilegia as a network of knowledge
Una «Gelegenheitsammlung» catalana del canzoniere R (BnF, fr. 22543)?
Get PDFRIASSUNTO: L’articolo esamina la serie finale della sezione R2 dello Chansonnier d’Urfé (R_162-R_193). Combinando l’analisi dell’epoca e dei contesti di produzione delle liriche; l’esame della loro tradizione manoscritta; e lo studio delle tecniche di compilazione del canzoniere C, parallelo di R, si avanza l’ipotesi che la sezione R2 sia debitrice di una raccolta d’occasione assemblata a ridosso del 1250, e particolarmente esposta a materiali di ascendenza catalana e a testi di ambiente italiano di argomento latamente «imperiale».
ABSTRACT: The article is devoted to the final part of the Chansonnier d’Urfé section called R2 (R_162-R_193). Managing the analysis of the time and contexts of production of the poems; the examination of their manuscript tradition; and the study of the compilation techniques of songbook C, the hypothesis is put forward that R2 is indebted to a collection assembled around 1250, and exposed to material of Catalan ascendancy and to texts of Italian origin of «imperial» setting
Supporting substance‑using mothers in harm reduction centers: recommendations concerning children’s rights, intersectionality, and gender perspectives
No full textThe absence of guidelines or recommended practices for substance‑using mothers is a reality that needs to be faced. Professionals at harm reduction centers in Barcelona are struggling with higher levels of anxiety and frustration as they attempt to provide comprehensive and holistic care. This difficulty arises from the lack of knowledge, information, social resources, and specific strategies. This study aims to develop practice recommendations based ona childhood approach that harm reduction centers should consider for their interventions. Based on a qualitative approach, data were collected through fourteen semi‑structured interviews with professionals in the fields of childhood, substance abuse, and healthcare. Results indicated that in order to integrate a childhood perspective into interventions to uphold the rights of substance‑using mothers and their children, all networks involved in supporting these women should adopt an intersectional and human rights approach. Additionally, specialized training, appropriate resources referral, and institutional support are required.La manca d’un protocol o estratègia d’actuació per a l’abordatge i intervenció terapèutica amb dones mares o embarassades consumidores de drogues és una realitat que cal fer-li front. L’angoixa i frustració de les professionals dels principals centres de reducció de danys de la ciutat de Barcelona és creixent, atès que no es pot oferir una atenció integral i individualitzada per manca de formació, informació, recursos i estratègies d’intervenció. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és elaborar una sèrie de recomanacions i propostes d’actuació a tenir en compte, que permetin als centres de reducció de danys, intervenir en clau de perspectiva de drets d’infància. Es tracta d’un estudi qualitatiu, en el qual es van dur a terme entrevistes semiestructurades a catorze professionals dels àmbits d’infància, drogues i salut. A través de l’anàlisi i discussió de resultats es va observar que, per a poder incloure la perspectiva de drets d’infància al centre de la intervenció i, garantir els drets, tant de la usuària, com dels fills o filles d’aquesta, cal que totes les xarxes i actors implicats en l’atenció a la dona usuària incorporin una mirada interseccional i de perspectiva de drets; al mateix temps que es requereix formació especialitzada, recursos de derivació a l’alta i el suport de l’àmbit institucional
Explorando el razonamiento probatorio en Chile: un estudio preliminar de las intuiciones judiciales sobre el daño
No full textEl artículo presenta una aproximación al derecho probatorio en el campo del derecho de daños, a partir de los resultados de un trabajo empírico sobre intuiciones judiciales y de abogados respecto de la prueba del daño en la práctica judicial chilena. Se expone un estudio exploratorio en el que se aprecian concepciones vinculadas a la prueba del daño desde el punto de vista de los valores asociados a la decisión judicial, a los medios de prueba y a la regla de estándar de prueba que se estima aplicable en dicho campo.The article presents a point of view on the evidentiary law in the field of tort law, as well as the results of an exploratory empirical work on judicial and lawyer intuitions regarding the proof of damage in the Chilean judicial practice. An exploratory study is presented in which conceptions related to the proof of damage are appreciated from the point of view of the values associated with the judicial decision of the same as in relation to the means of proof and the rule of standard of proof that is deems applicable in this field
Accuracy and fairness – Siamese twins? A Comment on Sarah Summers «Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial: Truth, Proof and Rights»
No full textThe author agrees with Sarah Summers’ view that a criminal judgment in a system of fair justice should be substantively accurate and at the same time should be the result of a fair process. The author argues, however, for keeping these two requirements apart because they are linked to different goals and may in individual cases conflict with each other