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Reflexões sobre a Influência Kantiana no Conceito Hegeliano de Casamento
No full textThe goal of this paper is to understand the concept of marriage within Hegelian philosophy, with particular attention to Kantian influences in the articulation of this moment. To achieve this, several steps are necessary. Firstly, it is essential to delineate the boundaries within which marriage is situated, and thus, an analysis of the familial sphere within Ethical Life (Sittlichkeit). In this way, it will be demonstrated how family is characterized by a unity where the individuals lose their autonomy in order to become members of a greatest unity, the familial one. Consequently, the moment of marriage is characterized by the same features as those of the family, namely the immediate unity of the parties involved. Secondly, we should delve into Kantian theory of marriage as a contract and contracts in general, to understand Hegel’s stance towards it. On one hand, we will examine how Hegel approaches contract theory in a similar way of Kant since, for the Stuttgart’s philosopher, the contractual relationship involves a unity, albeit still only formal, of the two entities involved in the contractual relationship. On the other hand, however, we will observe a fundamental difference that Hegel introduces regarding Kant’s contract theory, especially in the context of the marital contract. For Hegel, it is not possible to conceive of marriage as subservient to the contract because, upon entering the marital union, the two individual entities lose their identity as such to become part of a singular immediacy, the family. Thus, their union is not merely formal, as in the case of a contract – which is spiritually lower than the Ethical Life containing the family moment – but is a peculiar union of the two members, husband and wife, who, by forming a family, become an immediate part of it. In conclusion, we will reflect, starting from their notion of marriage, on how both Kant and Hegel establish a ‘false’ sexual difference, since the relationship between the feminine and the masculine, rather than being based on a genuine and horizontal difference, appears hierarchical.
The goal of this paper is to understand the concept of marriage within Hegelian philosophy, with particular attention to Kantian influences in the articulation of this moment. To achieve this, several steps are necessary. Firstly, it is essential to delineate the boundaries within which marriage is situated, and thus, an analysis of the familial sphere within Ethical Life (Sittlichkeit). In this way, it will be demonstrated how family is characterized by a unity where the individuals lose their autonomy in order to become members of a greatest unity, the familial one. Consequently, the moment of marriage is characterized by the same features as those of the family, namely the immediate unity of the parties involved. Secondly, we should delve into Kantian theory of marriage as a contract and contracts in general, to understand Hegel’s stance towards it. On one hand, we will examine how Hegel approaches contract theory in a similar way of Kant since, for the Stuttgart’s philosopher, the contractual relationship involves a unity, albeit still only formal, of the two entities involved in the contractual relationship. On the other hand, however, we will observe a fundamental difference that Hegel introduces regarding Kant’s contract theory, especially in the context of the marital contract. For Hegel, it is not possible to conceive of marriage as subservient to the contract because, upon entering the marital union, the two individual entities lose their identity as such to become part of a singular immediacy, the family. Thus, their union is not merely formal, as in the case of a contract – which is spiritually lower than the Ethical Life containing the family moment – but is a peculiar union of the two members, husband and wife, who, by forming a family, become an immediate part of it. In conclusion, we will reflect, starting from their notion of marriage, on how both Kant and Hegel establish a ‘false’ sexual difference, since the relationship between the feminine and the masculine, rather than being based on a genuine and horizontal difference, appears hierarchical.O objectivo deste artigo é compreender o conceito de casamento dentro da filosofia hegeliana, com particular atenção à influência kantiana na articulação deste momento. Para tal, são necessários vários passos. Primeiramente, é essencial delinear os limites que sustêm o casamento e, com isso, analisar a esfera da família dentro da Vida Ética (Sittlichkeit).Deste modo, será demonstrado como a família é caracterizada como uma unidade onde os indivíduos perdem a sua autonomia de modo a tornar-se membros de uma unidade maior, a familiar. Consequentemente, o momento do casamento é caracterizado pelos mesmos atributos que o da família, nomeadamente a unidade imediata das partes envolvidas. Seguidamente, devemos debruçar-nos sobre teoria kantiana do casamento enquanto contrato, e dos contratos no geral, para compreender a posição de Hegel perante os mesmos. Por um lado, iremos examinar como Hegel se aproxima da teoria contratual de modo similar a Kant, já que para o filósofo de Stuttgart uma relação contratual envolve uma unidade, mesmo que ainda meramente formal, entre ambas as entidades envolvidas nessa relação contratual. Por outro lado, iremos observar a diferença fundamental que Hegel introduz em relação à teoria contratual de Kant, especialmente no contexto de um contrato matrimonial. Para Hegel, não é possível conceber o casamento enquanto subserviência ao contrato porque ao entrar na união matrimonial, os dois indivíduos perdem a sua identidade como tal para se tornarem numa imediação singular, a família. Com isto, a sua união não é meramente formal, como no caso do contrato – que é espiritualmente inferior à Vida Ética, que contem o momento da família, – mas é a peculiar união dos dois membros, marido e mulher, que, ao formar a família, se tornam imediatamente uma parte desta. Concluindo, iremos reflectir, começando pela sua noção de casamento, em como Kant e Hegel estabelecem uma “falsa” diferença sexual, já que a relação entre feminino e masculino, em vez de ser baseada numa genuína e horizontal diferença, surge hierarquicamente
La doctrina kantiana de la apercepción trascendental y el modelo hegeliano de la subjetividad
No full textThe aim of this paper is to elucidate the immanent relationship between the Hegelian theory of subjectivity or of concept and the Kantian doctrine of transcendental apperception, demonstrating the decisive role of the speculative critique of the transcendental subject in the consolidation of the Hegelian model. The main thesis argues that this model completes and transforms the transcendental principle, according to which objectivity is the product of the synthetic activity of pure apperception, by showing that the subject itself is only constituted as such as a result of this same objectifying activity. According to Hegel\u27s model, not only the object, but also the subject is a determination generated in the self-determining process of pure subjectivity. In this sense, the critique of subjective idealism, i.e. of the theory of the transcendental subject as the original unity of self and the generating matrix of the cognitive-volitional activity of self-consciousness, constituted the indispensable historical presupposition for the development and consolidation of the Hegelian model.El presente artículo se propone el objetivo de dilucidar el vínculo inmanente entre la teoría hegeliana de la subjetividad o del concepto y la doctrina kantiana de la apercepción trascendental, demostrando la función decisiva de la crítica especulativa del sujeto trascendental en la consolidación del modelo hegeliano. La tesis principal del trabajo propugna que este último completa y transforma el principio trascendental, según el cual la objetividad es el producto de la actividad sintética de la apercepción pura, al mostrar que el sujeto mismo solo se constituye en cuanto tal como resultado de esa misma actividad objetivadora. Según el modelo de Hegel, no solo el objeto, también el sujeto es una determinación generada en el proceso originario y autodeterminante de la subjetividad pura. En este sentido, la crítica del idealismo subjetivo, o sea de la teoría del sujeto trascendental como unidad originaria de la mismidad subjetiva y matriz generadora de la actividad cognitivo-volitiva de la autoconciencia, constituyó el presupuesto histórico indispensable del desarrollo y consolidación del modelo hegeliano
Rivas Zancarrón, Manuel, y Julián Sancha Vázquez, (eds.) (2025), Variación e ideología lingüísticas en el español de los siglos XVIII y XIX, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana Vervuert, 310 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9192-489-0]
No full textLas políticas educativas supranacionales para la igualdad de género. Un hilo conductor de 1976 a 1999
No full textThis article presents an in-depth review of the educational policies for gender equality that the European Union proposed and developed between 1976 and 1999. Through this historical overview, the aim is not only to highlight the significant work carried out to promote gender equity but also to stress the crucial role these educational policies play in building a fairer and more inclusive society. Furthermore, the article underlines the urgent need to design and establish clear guidelines to ensure the practical implementation of these policies across all member states of the European Union, thus guaranteeing their real impact and effectiveness. The fundamental motivation driving this study is the firm belief that Europe cannot aspire to continuous growth, development, and improvement while gender inequalities persist. Achieving true and sustainable progress across the continent will only be possible if these inequalities are effectively addressed and eliminated, paving way for a genuinely equitable future for all citizens.En este artículo se realiza un análisis detallado de las políticas educativas para la igualdad de género que la Unión Europea propuso y desarrolló en el período comprendido entre 1976 y 1999. A través de este recorrido histórico, no solo se destaca el trabajo efectuado en materia de equidad de género, sino que también se enfatiza la importancia de dichas políticas educativas como pilares fundamentales para la construcción de una sociedad más justa e inclusiva. Asimismo, se señala la necesidad urgente de diseñar y establecer directrices claras que permitan la implementación practica de estas políticas en todos los estados miembros de la Unión Europea, garantizando así su efectividad y alcance real. La motivación central que impulsa este trabajo es la convicción de que no puede existir una Europa en constante crecimiento, desarrollo y mejora si persisten las desigualdades de género. Solo mediante su eliminación será posible alcanzar un progreso auténtico y sostenible para todas las personas
La materialidad poética hispanomagrebí: una introducción
No full textHispanophone-Maghrebi literature, of postcolonial origin, is mostly composed of poetry and narrative works, but, undoubtedly, critics have traditionally leaned more towards the study of the latter genre. I order to counteract this critical dynamic and examine further this poetic materiality still unexplored, I developed the CoPoHiM (Corpus de Poesía Hispanomagrebí) initiative. In its first phase (2024-2025), data on 90 books of poems written by authors of Maghreb origin, whether in exile or in the diaspora, was compiled. The analysis of the data from these collections of poems, carried out with Nodegoat, yields interesting results both in terms of their time and place of publication and in terms of authorial factors such as gender.La literatura hispanomagrebí, de origen postcolonial, se compone, en su mayoría, de obras de lírica y narrativa, pero, sin lugar a dudas, la crítica se ha inclinado tradicionalmente más por el segundo género. Para contrarrestar esta dinámica y ahondar en una materialidad poética aún inexplorada, comencé la iniciativa CoPoHiM (Corpus de Poesía Hispanomagrebí), en cuya primera fase (2024-2025) fueron recopilados los datos de 90 poemarios escritos por autores de origen magrebí, ya sea en el insilio o en la diáspora. El tratamiento de los datos de dichos poemarios, llevado a cabo con Nodegoat, arroja interesantes resultados tanto en lo referente a su tiempo y espacios de publicación como en lo que concierne a factores autoriales como el género
Argumentando una innovación conceptual: metáfora y argumentación analógica
No full textSi se considera la innovación como la dimensión social de la creatividad, se pueden analizar los dos procesos, creatividad e innovación, en términos de los procesos cognitivos que intervienen en su constitución y en su justificación. Así sucede con la innovación conceptual, que es preciso distinguir de la innovación tecnológica o de diseño. En particular, se pueden hacer explícitas las metáforas que conducen a la constitución de un nuevo vocabulario o lexicón, a las proyecciones que se han ideado para dar estructura a nuevas realidades, por ejemplo, o a nuevas formas de concebir realidades previamente existentes. Igualmente, las metáforas implican nuevos modelos en los que basar tanto las percepciones como las inferencias que conducen a dotar de dimensión creativa las soluciones teóricas o prácticas (Nersessian, 2008).Palabras clave: analogía, innovación conceptual, metáfora
Innovación y dinámica social
No full textIn some scientific processes, the simulation was incorporated as valuable procedure to test models in order to validate, correct or discard, and in last term to strengthen or refute theories (partial or completely) and to study some types of problems, empirically unmanageable. This practice gained prominence and visibility, on the one hand, with the advent of big computers (as tools) to analyze certain situations which are difficult to reproduce on a laboratory scale; for example, in works of Astrodynamics and, moreover, as an external control element, in process under study. Thus, computer simulation became in a relatively short time a sensitive and powerful scientific method, by itself and also a pillar on which sustain scientific investigation. Therefore, this useful tool continuously increases its presence in basic science, applied science and technology.Keywords: Simulation, Scientific Method, ComputerEl problema general al que se refiere esta contribución es el de cómo concebir la innovación, pero aborda solamente una de sus facetas particulares: el papel de la dinámica social en las discusiones sobre innovación. Lo que se defiende, en consonancia con las teorías económicas dominantes a partir del marginalismo, es que la innovación, que no es buena por sí misma, nace de la valoración social y, por tanto, en la medida en que ésta sea más diversa, más probable será aquélla. La argumentación sobre innovación debería tener en cuenta no únicamente lo que pasa del lado de la oferta (patentes, educación, infraestructuras de investigación, etc.), sino también la diversidad y el cambio por el lado de la demanda (es decir, la dinámica social). Tomando elementos de la antropología, la sociología, la geografía y el urbanismo, el concepto de innovación podría incorporar la diversidad social y, así, desarrollarse y comprenderse mejor.Palabras clave: innovación social, cultura, antropología, marginalism
Dimensiones discursivas en la apropiación social de innovaciones
No full textIn this contribution we focus on the study of innovation processes from the point of view of social appropriation of innovations, interpreted as a fundamental condition for the transformation of a proposed innovation in an effective innovation. We maintain that such social appropriation should be considered as a constitutive dimension of innovation processes. Although related to diffusion processes, social appropriation of innovations is not reduced to such processes neither to their degree of acceptance or level of use, but refers to the social discourses in which the meanings attributed to proposed innovations in their realms of diffusion are inscribed. The approach we propose considers these discourses in terms of their practical, representational and axiological dimensions, and takes into account their relationship and mutual influence on changes in discourse concerning innovations.Keywords: Diffusion of innovations, discourse, effective innovation, proposed innovation, values.En esta contribución enfocamos el estudio de los procesos de innovación desde el punto de vista de la apropiación social de las innovaciones, que interpretamos como una condición fundamental para la transformación de una innovación propuesta en una innovación efectiva. Mantenemos que tal apropiación social debe ser considerada como una dimensión constitutiva de los procesos de innovación. Aunque relacionada con sus procesos de difusión, la apropiación social de las innovaciones no se reduce a tales procesos ni tampoco a su grado de aceptación o nivel de uso, sino que remite a los discursos sociales en los que se inscriben los significados atribuidos a las innovaciones propuestas en sus ámbitos de difusión. El enfoque que planteamos considera tales discursos en términos de sus dimensiones práctica, representacional y axiológica, y tiene en cuenta su relación e influencia mutua en los cambios de discurso acerca de las innovaciones.Palabras clave: difusión de innovaciones, discurso, innovación efectiva, innovación propuesta, valores
Vindicación y elogio de la retórica
No full textToday we are witnessing the increasing interest in the argumentative rhetoric because of his close relationship with the public discourse. Two points have been highlighted in this regard: 1, the contribution of rhetoric to the critical revision of the ongoing programs of the so-called “deliberative democracy”; 2, the reading of Aristotle’s Rhetoric in line with these critical purposes. The aim of my paper is to develop this second point through an examination of the Aristotelian conception of rhetoric and his vindication of public deliberation.Keywords: Aristotle, deliberation, deliberative rhetoric, Rhetoric.Hoy estamos asistiendo a un creciente interés por la retórica argumentativa debido a su estrecha relación con el discurso público. Tienen especial relieve dos puntos a este respecto: 1, la contribución de la retórica a la revisión crítica de los programas en curso de la llamada “democracia deliberativa”; 2, la lectura de la Retórica de Aristóteles en la línea de estos propósitos críticos. Mi artículo se propone desarrollar este segundo punto a través de un examen de la concepción aristotélica de la retórica y de su vindicación de la deliberación pública.Palabras clave: Aristóteles, deliberación, Retórica, retórica deliberativ