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Real-time activity and fall detection using transformer-based deep learning models for elderly care applications.
No full textOBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a transformer-based deep learning model for real-time activity recognition and fall detection, addressing the limitations of existing methods in terms of accuracy and real-time applicability. METHODS: The proposed system uses sliding window segmentation technique to process wearable sensor data, including accelerometer, gyroscope and orientation signals. The transformer encoder models temporal dependencies through a self-attention mechanism, enabling the extraction of global and local temporal patterns. The performance of the model is evaluated on an updated version of the MobiAct data set, which includes over 14 million sensor records collected from 66 participants and 16 activities, including four types of falls and multiple scenario-based activities of daily living. RESULT: The transformer model achieved an accuracy of over 98% and demonstrated excellent precision and recall for difficult fall categories such as forward-lying and sideward-lying. Comparative analysis shows that transformers outperform convolutional neural networks long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) and temporal convolutional networks in terms of classification metrics, confusion matrix results and training stability. DISCUSSION: The results highlight the effectiveness of the transformer model in capturing complex temporal dependencies, addressing key challenges such as misclassification and false positives. Compared with traditional models, its parallel processing capabilities improve real-time deployment efficiency. CONCLUSION: This research establishes transformer-based models as powerful solutions for activity recognition and fall detection, providing reliable applications for elderly care and fall prevention. Future work will focus on optimising edge devices and validating on real-world data sets
Riktlinjer för tillgängligt webbinnehåll (WCAG) inom en organisation
No full textAccessibility for web content is a necessity for peoples personal and professional life. Yet many web pages exclude users by not being accessible. This is a serious issue since 16% of the world’s population suffers from some sort of disability. In 2019, a new accessibility directive was published by the European Union. This directive states that digital products and services must follow a certain accessibility standard by the 28th of June 2025. This standard set by the EU coincides with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 from W3C. Triona is a company that distributes these kinds of digital products and services. The purpose of this research is to investigate the compliance level of certain Triona products according to WCAG 2.1. This includes comparing the products and highlighting their potential areas of non-compliance. With the aim to analyse how these potentially could be solved by the Market Box for better WCAG 2.1 compliance. The study evaluated the accessibility of four Triona products: Triona.eu, C7, TNE, and C-Load, based on WCAG 2.1 level A and AA. Four pages per product was tested, adding up to 16 pages in total. The testing was done using an automated tool called WAVE, complemented by manual tests. Interviews with developers were also conducted for a broader perspective. The results showed that all products tested contained accessibility issues, breaking the guidelines in some capacity. Many errors fell under the perceivable category, meaning to display and show information accessibly. Common issues under this category were poor colour contrast and missing alternative text for images and links. The interviews showed that developers at Triona did not find Triona’s Market Box very useful since it was quite empty and outdated. They gave recommendations to improve Market Box through more assets, better accessibility guidelines and more examples of “do’s and don’ts”
Islam i undervisnings- och skolsammanhang : En undersökning av hur lärare undervisar om islam i mångkulturella klassrum
No full textDenna studie syftar till att undersöka hur religionskunskapslärare utformar sin undervisning om islam i mångkulturella klassrum. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes lärare i religionskunskap på mellanstadiet årskurs 4–6. Intervjuerna har tolkats med hjälp av en narrativ analysmetod och relaterats till tidigare forskning inom mångkulturalitet, religionsdidaktik och elevperspektiv. Resultaten tyder på att lärare använder jämförelser mellan religioner för att skapa ett klassrum präglat av inkludering. Lärarna använder en kombination av elevernas erfarenhet och faktabaserad undervisning om islam. Studien påvisar att religionskunskapsundervisning gällande islam kan tillföra interkulturell förståelse och demokratiska värderingar, däremot behöver lärarna vara medvetna om elevperspektiv och klassrumsdynamiken.SO</p
From Manual Ordering to Code-Based Automation : Function and Requirements Analysis of a Self-service Portal for Infrastructure as Code (IaC) in a Public Sector Organization
No full textThis bachelor’s thesis explores the technical and functional requirements for enabling a self-service portal to support Infrastructure as Code (IaC) within a public sector organization. The study is based on a case at the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), where an internal portal is used for ordering IT infrastructure services. To investigate this, the study applies a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with a survey. The research examines user experiences, automation needs, usability challenges, and decision fatigue related to current ordering processes. The results show that the existing portal lacks the necessary modularity, automation capabilities, and intuitive design required for effective IaC adoption. Users report fragmented workflows, unclear guidance, and a high cognitive load when placing orders. These issues hinder efficiency, increase lead times, and contribute to user frustration. To support a code-based automation approach, the portal must offer robust API integration, flexible configuration options, and clearer process support. The study highlights the importance of aligning portal design with both technical infrastructure and human-centered usability principles. Based on the findings, the thesis provides concrete recommendations for improving the portal’s functionality, reducing cognitive load, and fostering more autonomous and efficient work practices. These insights are valuable not only for Trafikverket, but for other public organizations seeking to implement IaC and self-service strategies.Detta examensarbete undersöker vilka tekniska och funktionella krav som behöver uppfyllas för att en självbetjäningsportal ska kunna stödja ett arbetssätt enligt Infrastructure as Code (IaC) i en offentlig organisation. Studien är en fallstudie på Trafikverket och utgår från deras interna portal för beställning av IT-infrastrukturtjänster. Undersökningen baseras på en kombination av intervjuer och en enkät, med syftet att fånga användarupplevelser, identifiera behov av automatisering och analysera utmaningar kopplade till användbarhet och kognitiv belastning. Resultaten visar att den nuvarande portalen brister i stöd för automatisering, moduluppbyggnad och vägledning, vilket försvårar införandet av ett effektivt och kodbaserat arbetssätt. Användarna upplever beställningsflödena som fragmenterade och kognitivt belastande, vilket leder till långa ledtider, osäkerhet och frustration. För att portalen ska kunna stödja ett IaC-baserat arbetssätt krävs förbättrat stöd för API-integrering, tydligare struktur och ett mer användarcentrerat gränssnitt. Studien lyfter också vikten av att kombinera tekniska lösningar med god användbarhet, särskilt i miljöer där många beslut fattas på kort tid. Utifrån analysen presenteras rekommendationer för hur Trafikverkets portal kan vidareutvecklas för att stödja självständigt arbete, minska kognitiv belastning och uppnå organisationens automationsmål. Resultaten är även relevanta för andra offentliga aktörer som vill införa liknande lösningar
Effectiveness- and cost effectiveness of a structured method for systematic and integrated occupational safety and health and patient safety management systems (SIOHPS) - a study protocol for a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Integrated occupational safety and health and patient safety management are essential for addressing the challenges faced by healthcare services today. Developing and evaluating tools that support this work is crucial. This project aims to assess the effectiveness of a structured method for systematic and integrated occupational safety and health and patient safety management systems (SIOHPS). Additionally, the project includes embedded economic and process evaluation. This article presents the overall design of the SIOHPS-project, with a specific focus on the design and evaluation of the (cost-)effectiveness study. METHODS: The project is guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for complex interventions and is coproduced with key stakeholders. The intervention is designed to support systematic occupational health and patient safety management systems, incorporating both Safety I and Safety II perspectives. It is grounded in safety culture theory and knowledge about team debriefing for learning. The intervention consists of several core components, including targeted education, end-of-shift team debriefings, and support for systematic management. The intervention is supported by a digital tool. A program theory guides the evaluation. A pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-controlled design (p-SWD) is used, with hospital healthcare units as clusters. The p-SWD includes three steps, with at least four clusters transitioning from the control to the intervention group at each step. A minimum of twelve healthcare units from two different regions in Sweden will participate. The intervention effect will be evaluated using sick leave and quality of care as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include safety climate, work environment factors, healthcare worker health, performance, patient safety and quality of nursing care. Primary and secondary analyses are conducted based on intention-to-treat approach. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed using cost-benefit and cost-consequence analyses. DISCUSSION: The need of methods that integrate systematic occupational safety and health and patient safety management has been emphasized by different stakeholders worldwide. The SIOHPS study has strong potential for nationwide implementation in Sweden to help healthcare organizations address current challenges. Additionally, the project will contribute to existing safety culture theory by exploring the integration of these domains. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06398860. Registration date: 2024-04-30
Advancing sexual and reproductive health and rights in wartime Ukraine through international collaboration
No full textDalarna University (Sweden) and three Ukrainian universities in 2023 initiated a collaborative project to strengthen SRHR education in Ukraine through new curricula, an online platform, and peer-learning workshops. The objective of this commentary is to present the project's approach, implementation, and outcomes, demonstrating how international academic collaboration can strengthen SRHR education and youth consultation services in the context of war and post-war reconstruction. Inspired by Sweden's comprehensive sexuality education model, the project meets humanitarian needs while supporting reforms. Policy priorities include aligning with UNESCO guidance on sexuality education, integrating adolescent SRHR into healthcare financing, and expanding youth-friendly services
Embodied intersectionality at work in hotel housekeeping in Sweden
No full textThis paper examines the experiences of hotel housekeepers inSweden, focusing on how their embodied identities, shaped byfactors like gender, race, and migration background, influence andare influenced by their work. Placing the body at the centre of ourresearch, we explore how embodied intersectionality is situatedand contextually produced as lived experience in hotel workplaces.The way in which intersectional power dimensions are played outand performed is closely interconnected to bodies and the embod-iment of roles, duties, identities and expectations inherent in theoccupational context of the workplace. Through working partici-pant observation, we explore the daily routines and bodilydemands of housekeeping work, a low-status, feminised occupa-tion predominantly filled by women and migrants. Our paperemphasises how embodied intersectionality operates within theworkplace, revealing power dynamics, challenges, and subtle formsof resistance enacted by the workers. Our analysis illustrates thatthe ways in which hotel housekeeping work is carried out isshaped by expectations on what it means to be a housekeeper asmuch as it is by wider intersectional factors and embodied identi-ties. We conclude by advocating for a greater emphasis on theworking body in workplace studies to understand the nuancedrealities of such marginalised labourers.Värdighet och anständighet på jobbet - den sällan sedda hotellstäderska
Driving toward sustainability : experiences of electric vehicle users with car adaptations
No full textThere is an urgent need for a global shift toward more sustainable living. Electric vehicles contribute to this goal; however, the transition is challenging, particularly due to high purchase costs, which can be a particular hindrance for people with disabilities. Only a few individuals currently drive electric vehicles with necessary adaptations, and the insights and experiences of these early adopters can offer valuable knowledge. The aim of this study is to explore the motives and initial experiences of Swedish persons who drive electric vehicles with car adaptations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among nine people living with physical impairments who drove an electric car with adaptations. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The motives for shifting from fossil-fuel vehicles to electric vehicles included long-term economic benefits, environmental aspects, practical advantages, and interest in new technologies and cars. Interviewees generally found it easy to adapt to their new electric vehicles, although some needed to establish new routines for charging during longdistance trips. Participants highlighted functional advantages-such as remote heating, and spacious interiors-as particularly beneficial for their needs. Home charging was perceived as a major enabler of independent mobility, while limited accessibility at public charging stations and insufficient financial support posed challenges. Despite these barriers, the perceived benefits of electric vehicle ownership predominated. These findings highlight the need for inclusive infrastructure and revised policy frameworks to ensure that individuals with physical impairments can fully participate in the transition to fossil-free mobility
Bildskapande inom kommunal familjerådgivning : Användbara interventioner
No full textBakgrunden till detta projekt var att tidigare forskning visat att bildskapande med par kan främja kommunikation, bidra till att upptäcka nya sätt att tänka, känna, se och handla. Bildskapande kan även skapa medvetenhet om olika mönster i en relation. Trots att bildskapande kan vara fördelaktigt inom kommunal familjerådgivning saknas fördjupad kunskap om bildskapande i familjerådgivningens kontext, och vilka interventioner som kan vara användbara. Syftet med denna studie var därför att tillsammans med familjerådgivare i Dalarna utforska bildskapande inom kommunal familjerådgivning och undersöka vilka interventioner som kan vara användbara. Studien hade en samskapande design. Familjerådgivare och forskare planerade och genomförde studien gemensamt. Kvalitativ metod användes. Gruppintervjuer och individuella intervjuer genomfördes med familjerådgivare som utbildats i och använt sig av manual Phenomenological Art Therapy (PATd) (Blomdahl, 2017), och sju andra utvalda bildskapande interventioner. Användbarheten bedömdes. Ett par som använt bildskapande i familjerådgivning intervjuades. Resultatet visade att bildskapande inom kommunal familjerådgivning kan erbjuda par och enskilda nya sätt att kommunicera. Familjerådgivarna använde utvalda delar av manualen. Manualen beskrevs som en stomme att förhålla sig till, med möjlighet att gå ifrån och komma tillbaka till, utifrån behov hos den de samtalade med. Utifrån familjerådgivarnas perspektiv utvecklades ett skräddarsytt bibliotek av användbara interventioner ”Curated Art Therapy” (CATcouples). En intervention som ett par i familjerådgivning använt sig av och tyckte var hjälpsam i deras situation inkluderades i det skräddarsydda biblioteket. Tio interventioner, fördelade över tre behandlingsfaser: introduktion/kartläggningsfas, arbetsbas och avslutningsfas, bedömdes vara användbara inom kommunal familjerådgivning. Studiens slutsats var att bildskapande var användbart inom familjerådgivning. Delar av manualen användes. Ett bibliotek anpassat till par utifrån ofta förekommande teman i familjerådgivning, och ett pars erfarenheter, utvecklades.Projektet finansierades av Hälsa och Välfärd i Dalarna (tidigare Socialtjänstens utvecklingscentrum Dalarna)</p
