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Consumption for Our ”Social Value” : A Qualitative Study on Consumption Behaviors
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka konsumtionsbeteenden ur ett sociologiskt perspektiv. Frågorna som ställs handlar om vad som formar och upprätthåller beteenden samt hur människor resonerar kring sin egen konsumtion och relation till hållbarhet. Studien fokuserar på hur sociala normer och sociala relationer formar människors konsumtion. Den metod som används i studien är kvalitativ med semistrukturerade intervjuer, där det empiriska materialet analyseras med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar på den centrala roll som konsumtionen spelar i det sociala, inte minst vad gäller förväntningar och definitionen av den egna personen. Alla intervjuade har någon form av relation till hållbarhet där den gemensamma nämnaren visar på en medvetenhet kring normer och förväntningar. Resultatet tolkas och analyseras med hjälp av tidigare forskning och Zygmunt Baumans teori om konsumism samt Magnus Boströms teori om rättfärdigandestrategier för fortsatt konsumism. The aim of this study is to examine consumption behaviors from a sociological perspective. The questions asked refers to what shapes and maintains behaviors and how people reflect on their own consumption and its relation to sustainability. This study examines the influence of social norms and social relationships on individuals' consumption practices. The method used in the study is qualitative with semi-structured interviews, where the empirical material has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show the central role consumption plays in society, particularly in terms of social expectations and the construction of personal identity. All interviewees have some form of relationship to sustainability, with a common theme being an awareness of social norms and expectations. The results are interpreted and analyzed in relation to previous research and Zygmunt Bauman's theory of consumerism and Magnus Boström's theory on justification strategies for continued consumerism
Translating Japanese Humour : A Case Study on the Spanish Adaptation of Crayon Shin Chan: Ankoku Tamatama Daitsuiseki
No full textThis research presents a case study focusing on the translation strategies employed in rendering humour from Japanese into Spanish in the animated film Crayon Shin-chan: Ankoku Tamatama Daitsuiseki. The study also seeks to determine whether the original humour is maintained or compromised in the Spanish version. To this end, humorous lines and situations identified in the source text were systematically compared with their counterparts in the target text. Due to the scope of the study, the analysis was restricted to the first 50 humorous instances. Each instance was then analysed to determine the translation strategies employed and to explore the reasons why it could be considered humorous. The collected data were categorised by strategy, allowing for a quantitative analysis of their frequency and enabling broader conclusions about the translators’ overall approach. The findings suggest that, in most cases, the humour is successfully conveyed in the Spanish version, with relatively few instances in which it is lost. Standard translation emerged as the most commonly used strategy (36%), followed by paraphrasing (24%). A significant proportion of examples (38%) involved the use of multiple strategies, such as combinations of substitution/standard translation or omission/paraphrase. The study also concludes that the type of humour tends to remain consistent between the original Japanese and the Spanish versions in the majority of the cases analysed
Självständig tyst läsning med tillägg : effekter på elevers läsförmåga, motivation och läsvanor
No full textI denna rapport sammanfattar och kommenterar Skolforskningsinstitutet en internationell forskningsöversikt som undersöker om olika tillägg till självständig tyst läsning (STL), det vill säga olika typer av komplement i anslutning till läsningen, kan bidra till en positiv effekt på elevers läsförmåga, motivation och läsvanor. Tilläggen kan exempelvis vara att hjälpa eleverna att välja en bok på rätt nivå, att kontrollera att de verkligen ägnat sig åt läsning genom läsloggar, eller att eleverna får stöttning i att förstå texten genom diskussioner med läraren eller en klasskamrat. Studierna som ingår i forskningsöversikten är nästan uteslutande gjorda i USA och eleverna i studierna går i motsvarande låg-, mellan-, högstadiet eller gymnasieskolan. Forskningsöversiktens resultat pekar mot att sådana tillägg på kort sikt kan bidra till att elever utvecklar sin läsförmåga, särskilt för elever med risk för att utveckla lässvårigheter. Resultaten pekar dock också mot att opåkallad hjälp av läraren, det vill säga hjälp som eleven själv inte bett om, under tiden eleverna läser kan stjälpa snarare än hjälpa. I kommentaren för vi en diskussion om hur översiktens frågeställningar och resultat är relevanta för lärare i svenska skolor. Avsnittet syftar till att bidra med en djupare förståelse för de olika tilläggen genom att koppla översiktens resultat till tidigare forskning om motivationens betydelse för elevers läsutveckling
The Political decline of the Hazaras in Afghanistan : A case study on the Political Decline and social Marginalization of Hazaras in Afghanistan
No full textThis study examines the political and social marginalization of the Hazara people under the two Taliban regimes (1996–2001 and 2021–2024). It highlights both the continuity and changes in the Taliban’s exclusionary practices. Using the theories of sectarianization, totalitarianism, and intersectionality, the analysis shows how the Taliban’s Sunni Pashtun extremist ideology has consistently targeted the Hazara ethnic and Shia minority through systematic violence, institutional exclusion, and cultural suppression. In both periods, the Hazaras were subjected to massacres, forced displacement, and exclusion from political representation. Their religious and ethnic identity was often portrayed as heretical. The study demonstrates that political and social marginalization has persisted over time, with modern repression combining direct violence with strategic neglect. The continued exclusion of Hazaras from political representation, along with their political and social marginalization, is a key link between the two periods of Taliban rule
Sparse and Selective : Digital Responsibility Practices in Lower Secondary English Classrooms in Norway
No full textDespite broad agreement that schools should support students in becoming digitally responsible citizens, research suggests that this dimension of students’ digital competence remains underdeveloped, even in highly digitalised educational settings. Addressing this issue, the present study explored the prevalence and characteristics of digital responsibility practices in Norwegian lower secondary schools’ English classrooms. Utilising a tracing comparative logic, it examined classroom practices over time, following the same student cohorts across Grades 8 and 10 (ages 13–15). Video recordings from 63 naturally occurring English lessons and 9 teacher interviews were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The findings indicate that digital responsibility was the least prevalent dimension of digital competence across both grades, with teachers rarely seizing opportunities for students to gain insight into–or to reflect on–digital responsibility and seemingly de-prioritising progression across grades. Instead, digital responsibility instruction primarily occurred in response to student queries and was often overshadowed by the teaching of functional digital skills. The findings suggest the need to support English teachers in better integrating digital responsibility into classroom practices.EDUCATE vid Universitetet i Osl
Validating adverse events in administrative healthcare data in Ireland : a retrospective chart review study
No full textBACKGROUND: Pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers and delirium are adverse events that affect older inpatients. Accurate administrative data are key to improving patient safety and healthcare quality. The aim of the study was to validate Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data on the occurrence of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers and delirium in older patients discharged from an acute hospital in Ireland through retrospective chart review. METHODS: A cohort of one thousand randomly selected admissions of inpatients aged over 65 from a university, tertiary hospital in 2022 were reviewed using a two-stage retrospective chart review. The researchers, healthcare professionals and patient representatives co-produced a study-specific chart review protocol and data collection instrument. HIPE data were validated by comparing the chart review data to the HIPE data. Since HIPE only codes the presence of the respective adverse event once, the comparisons between the HIPE data and the chart review data were carried out at admission level. RESULTS: Of the 1,000 admissions reviewed, 231 (23.1%) contained at least one adverse event. At event level, 373 adverse events were identified including 133 pressure ulcers in 71 admissions, 101 delirium episodes in 100 admissions, 84 pneumonia episodes in 79 admissions and 55 urinary tract infections in 52 admissions. Of the 302 adverse events found in chart review on admission level, 96 (31.8%) of these were coded in the HIPE data and flagged by the Hospital Acquired Diagnosis indicator. Compared with chart review data, the overall sensitivity of the administrative data was low, and the specificity was high. The positive predictive values varied, and the negative predictive values were generally high. In HIPE data, 42 adverse events were found that were not identified in the chart review. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that HIPE data may not accurately represent these specific adverse events as experienced by older patients. Improving the accuracy of these data may facilitate benchmarking of adverse events across hospitals and countries and provide opportunities for improvements in patient safety
Nurses´ experiences of palliative care at home : A literature review
No full textBakgrund Palliativ vård i hemmet har blivit allt vanligare och den ställer krav på att sjuksköterskor behöver vara mera självständiga och ha tillräcklig kunskap inom området för att kunna utföra en så säker och god vård som krävs. Sjuksköterskan ska trots en komplex arbetsmiljö eftersträva ett omhändertagande som innefattar trygghet och lugn. Värna om patientens och närståendes integritet och värdighet. Vara lyhörd inför samtal och önskemål. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelse av palliativ vård för vuxna i hemmet. Metod Projektet genomfördes som en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodologi som tillämpas vid systematiska översikter. Databaserna CINAHL och PubMed användes i sökandet av artiklar publicerade 2018–2024. Det resulterade i 14 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats som analyserades med hjälp innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet beskrivs genom de två huvudkategorier med fyra subkategorier byggt på sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av palliativ vård i hemmet: Teamsamverkan och Personligkompetens. Resultatet belyser vikten av ett tvärprofessionellt samarbete och en bra relation till patient och närstående samt sjuksköterskors kunskap och att det finns självförtroende i att våga ta beslut. Slutsats Att vårda patienten i hemmet kunde ibland vara svårt på grund av patientens hemmiljö. En utmaning var det självständiga utförandet av arbetet och att fatta beslut. För att en god och välfungerande vård skulle kunna etableras krävdes det att en kommunikation fanns mellan läkare och sjuksköterskor. Det ansågs vara ett stort behov av att vidareutbilda sjuksköterskor i palliativ vård så att de känner sig säkrare inom områdena kommunikation, symtomlindring och smärta. Background Palliative care in the home has become increasingly common and requires nurses to be more independent and have sufficient knowledge in the area to be able to provide the safe and good care required. They must ensure serenity, dignity, integrity and listen to patients and their relatives Aim The aim was to describe nurses experiences of palliative care for adults in the home. Method The project was carried out as a structured literature review with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The CINAHL and PubMed databases were used in the search for articles published in 2018–2024. This resulted in 14 articles with a qualitative approach that were analyzed using content analysis. Results The result is described through two main categories with four subcategories based on nurses' experiences of palliative care in the home: Team collaboration and Personal competence. The results highlight the importance of interprofessional collaboration and a good relationship with patients and relatives. It also emphasizes the significance of nurses’ knowledge and confidence in making decisions. Conclusions Caring for the patient at home could sometimes be difficult due to the need to adapt the care to the patient's home environment. One challenge was the independent execution of the work and making decisions. In order for good and well-functioning care to be established, there had to be communication between doctors and nurses. There was a great need to further educate nurses in palliative care so that they feel more confident in the areas of communication, symptom management and pain.
District nurses’ experiences of psychosocial stress in primary healthcare : a qualitative interview study
No full textBakgrund: Distriktssköterskor i primärvården har en arbetsmiljö med arbetsrelaterade stressorer som kan ha en negativ inverkan på deras hälsa. Befolkningen i Sverige blir äldre, vilket ökar kraven på sjukvården. En omställning till god och nära vård pågår där primärvården utgör navet i omställningen och distriktssköterskor behöver förmågor och kunskaper att kunna möta olika individers behov. Akut stress är tillfällig och ofta övergående och nödvändig för människans överlevnad vid akut hot och fara. När stressen blir långvarig blir den skadlig och vid brist på återhämtning ökar risken för utmattningssyndrom och andra sjukdomar som hjärt - och kärlsjukdom. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelser av psykosocial stress i primärvården. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Distriktssköterskorna upplever psykosocial stress i arbetsmiljön. Höga krav i arbetet, tidsbrist och avsaknad av stöd från organisationen leder till en ökad belastning psykosocialt på distriktssköterskor, vilket påverkar hälsan negativt i form av kroppsliga reaktioner. Slutsats: Många distriktssköterskor upplever psykosocial stress i arbetsmiljön och saknar stöd från organisationen att hantera denna. När tiden saknas för att kunna utföra sina arbetsuppgifter leder det till stress som i sin tur skapar kroppsliga reaktioner. En balans mellan krav, stöd och resurser behövs för att undvika att drabbas av utmattning och följdsjukdomar som konsekvens av långvarig stress hos distriktssköterskor.Background: District nurses in primary care have a work environment with work related stressors that can have a negative impact on their health. The population in Sweden is getting older, which increases the demands on health care. A transition to good and close care is underway, where primary care forms the hub of the transition and district nurses’ need abilities and knowledge to be able to meet the needs of different individuals. Acute stress is temporary and often transitory and necessary for human survival in the face of acute threat and danger. When the stress becomes prolonged it becomes harmful and if there is a lack of recovery, the risk of fatigue syndrome and other diseases such as cardiovascular disease increases. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe district nurses’ experiences of psychosocial stress in primary health care. Method: Qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. Results: District nurses experience psychosocial stress in the work environment. High demands at work, lack of time and support from the organization lead to an increased psychosocial load on district nurses, which affects health negatively in the form of bodily reactions. Conclusions: Many district nurses experience psychosocial stress from the work environment and lack support from the organization in managing this. When there is a lack of time to be able to perform one’s work tasks it leads to stress, which in turn creates bodily reactions. A balance between demands, support and resources is needed to avoid suffering from exhaustion and secondary diseases because of long-term stress among district nurses
Material Footprint and Circular Economy for a Sustainable Consumption and Production Pattern
No full textThe aim of this study is to explore the factors that influence the material footprint (MF), which represents the total amount of raw materials used in the production of goods and services. MF provides a more comprehensive measure of resource use across supply chains, capturing aspects of environmental degradation not addressed by conventional indicators. MF serves as a measure of material consumption across global supply-chain networks that connect production and consumption. Moreover, reducing the MF can promote efficient resource use and encourage sustainable production and consumption patterns. In this study, we explore what socioeconomic determinants affect MF in the European Union. We have utilized a dataset comprising observations from unbalanced panel data of 27 European countries spanning the period from 2000 to 2021. The main findings suggest that GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita, the industry share, fertility rate, and taxes contribute to an increase in MF, while the degree of urbanization, research and development (R&D), and resource productivity rate reduce MF. Our findings have policy relevance within the EU’s sustainability goals, providing insights into the factors that can drive resource efficiency as outlined in the Circular Economy (CE) Action Plan