Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Not a member yet
13986 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluation of a home-based parenting support programme-Parenting Young Children-For parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities when there is a risk for neglect : Study protocol for a multi-centre study
No full textINTRODUCTION: Parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) often need parenting support, but there are few evidence-based programmes adapted to their cognitive needs. Parenting Young Children (PYC), a home-based programme for parents with IDDs, is perceived as beneficial by parents and practitioners, but it is unclear if PYC improves parenting. The purpose of the proposed mixed-methods study is therefore to evaluate the PYC programme for improved parenting in parents with IDDs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The quantitative evaluation will have a multi-centre, pretest-posttest study design and include parents with IDDs (children aged 0-9) in need of adapted parenting support. Goal-attainment in parenting skills, parental self-efficacy and child mental health will be measured outcomes. Interviews will be used to explore the perspectives of parents and children on PYC. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Particpation is based on informed consent from parents and guardians of the participating children. Ethical approval was granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority
The effect of interdisciplinary treatment on sickness absence and disability pension among chronic pain patients on partial disability pension
No full textStudies evaluating the effects of interdisciplinary treatment (IDT) on sickness absence and disability pension (SA/DP) have yielded contradictory findings. Evidence indicates that positive treatment effects are restricted to patients with a poor SA/DP prognosis. This study therefore analyzed the effect of IDT in working age patients on partial disability pension, which is a group with a particularly poor prognosis. With data from 479 patients on partial disability pension, this register-based cohort study compared the effects of IDT to those of unspecified interventions. We considered two response variables: total net SA/DP days across the span of three years from the first visit to a Swedish specialist pain clinic, and the risk of having the maximum possible 1096 SA/DP days over the same period. Our results showed that both the total net SA/DP days (mean difference: 11; 95% confidence interval: -30 to 51) and the risk of 1096 SA/DP days (risk ratio: 1.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 1.4) were similar irrespective of intervention type. Under our theoretical model, we thereby found no support in favor of IDT over less intensive interventions in working age patients with partial DP. This raises questions about the specific criteria under which IDT proves effective
Alla rätt på rättigheter? : En undersökning av elevers uppfattning om kvaliteten på undervisning om mänskliga rättigheter i gymnasieskolan
No full textÅr 2011 blev mänskliga rättigheter inskrivna i de svenska styrdokumenten för skolan. Från det året blev förväntningarna högre på vad skolan skulle lära ut gällande de mänskliga rättigheterna, det blev en del av centralt innehåll i ämnesplanen för samhällskunskap, men även en stor del av den läroplan som skolan vilar på. Forskning visar att det finns implementeringsproblematik när det gäller att praktiskt få in mänskliga rättigheter i undervisningen. Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur elever uppfattar att lärare undervisar om mänskliga rättigheter, samt vad de anser sig kunna i förhållande till kunskapskriterierna i samhällskunskap. Studien visar att det som finns i tidigare forskning verkar stämma även ur ett elevperspektiv. Få känner att de besitter de kunskaper som krävs för betyget E i samhällskunskap. Många elever har ett engagemang för ämnet och önskar lära sig mer, de upplever här att lärare brister i sina prioriteringar i undervisningen samt i att få eleverna motiverade för ämnet. Slutsatsen är att det krävs vidare forskning på området för att se om tendenserna som visas i min undersökning återfinns i övriga landets gymnasieskolor
Prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in moderately preterm infants : A mixed method study
No full textBakgrund: För tidigt födda barn är i högre utsträckning drabbade av mag-tarmbesvär än fullgångna barn. Amning har visat sig kunna ha en positiv inverkan på mognaden av mag-tarmkanalen. Funktionella mag-tarmbesvär kan i olika grad orsaka lidande för såväl barn som föräldrar. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva föräldrars uppfattning av sina måttligt för tidigt födda barns mag-tarmbesvär och associerade faktorer upp till sex års ålder. Metod: Mixad metod med konvergent design har använts. Data samlades in från två tidigare studier med samma kohort av måttligt för tidigt födda barn. Kvantitativa data analyserades deskriptivt i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Kvalitativa data analyserades med induktiv tematisk analys. Slutligen tolkades hela resultatet tillsammans med olika variabler och konvergerades till ett övergripande resultat. Resultat: Det fanns inget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan mag-tarmbesvär hos måttligt för tidigt födda barn och graviditetsvecka (p = 0,76) eller huruvida barnet helammades vid utskrivning från neonatalavdelning eller inte. Ett statistiskt signifikant samband kunde ses mellan mag-tarmbesvär och helamning åtta veckor efter utskrivning från neonatalavdelning (p = 0,05) och vid sex månaders ålder (p = 0,04). I den övergripande tolkningen sågs även ett samband mellan helamning och minskad rapportering av kolik. Slutsats: Helmning visade sig ha ett samband med minskad förekomst av mag-tarmbesvär hos måttligt för tidigt födda barn. Med denna kunskap skulle mag-tarmbesvär kunna minskas genom främjande av helamning hos dessa barn.Background: Preterm infants are more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal problems than full-term infants. Breastfeeding has been shown to have a positive impact on the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional gastrointestinal problems can cause varying degrees of suffering for both children and parents. Aim: The aim was to describe parents' perception of their moderately preterm infants' gastrointestinal problems and associated factors up to six years of age. Method: Mixed method with convergent design has been used to analyse data. Data were collected from two previously conducted studies with the same cohort of moderately preterm infants. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively in the statistical program SPSS. Qualitative data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis. Then the data were interpreted together and converged into an overall result. Results: There was no statistically significant association between gastrointestinal problems in moderately preterm infants and gestational age at birth (p = 0,76) or whether the child was exclusively breastfed upon discharge from the neonatal unit or not. However, a statistically significant association was observed between gastrointestinal problems and exclusive breastfeeding at eight weeks after discharge from the neonatal unit (p = 0,05) and six months postpartum (p = 0,04). There was also an observed decreased reporting of infantile colic if the infant was exclusively breastfed. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding was shown to decrease the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in moderately preterm infants. With this knowledge, gastrointestinal problems could be decreased by promoting exclusive breastfeeding among these children
Effects of Word Frequency and Word Class Types on Swedish Upper Secondary Pupils’ knowledge of Receptive English Academic Vocabulary : A Case Study
No full textAssigned reading materials in Swedish universities are often in English. Therefore, pupils planning to pursue higher education need to develop a good receptive knowledge of English academic vocabulary. However, previous research indicates that upper secondary pupils completing obligatory English instruction may lack sufficient knowledge of English academic vocabulary. This study further explores Swedish pupils’ knowledge of receptive English academic vocabulary, focusing on how it is influenced by word frequency and word class types, two factors found to impact L2 learner vocabulary knowledge. Moreover, we examine correlations between vocabulary test scores on word frequency and word class types and self-reported extramural English activities. Ninety-three pupils at a Swedish upper secondary school completed a vocabulary test and a questionnaire about their extramural English activities. The results showed that pupils performed significantly better on high-frequency words than low-frequency words. An analysis of how high- and low-scoring pupils answered different questions revealed some different tendencies in their receptive English academic vocabulary knowledge. We also found that low scorers performed more poorly on verbs than nouns and adjectives. Moreover, engagement in extramural English activities, such as reading and social media, was positively correlated with the vocabulary test scores, most consistently with scores on verbs. Based on the findings we discuss the need for pedagogical strategies for effective teaching of English academic vocabulary, including well-planned integration of extramural English activities into the English classroom. Such pedagogic support could help Swedish upper secondary pupils develop English academic vocabulary needed for success in higher education.
Accessibility of eHealth Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among People With and People Without Impairment : Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey
No full textBACKGROUND: The adoption of eHealth accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inequalities in the adoption of eHealth during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported, but there are few such studies among people with impairment. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate self-reported use and difficulty in the use of eHealth before the COVID-19 pandemic compared to during late social distancing restrictions in Sweden, among people with and without impairment, as well as between different types of impairment. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was distributed twice by snowball sampling to people with self-reported impairment and a general population matched by age, gender, and county. Use and difficulty in the use of six eHealth services were compared between groups using chi-square test and logistic regression with year interaction terms, reported as odds ratio adjusted (aOR) for gender and age with 95% CI. RESULTS: The surveys included 1631 (in 2019) and 1410 (in 2021) participants with impairment, and 1084 (in 2019) and 1223 (in 2021) participants without. Participants with impairment, compared to those without impairment, reported less use and more difficulty in booking health care appointments online, digital identification, and the Swedish national web portal for health information and eHealth services (1177.se), both before and during the pandemic (P=.003 or lower). Video health care appointments were the exception to this disability digital divide in eHealth as video appointment adoption was the most likely among participants with attention, executive, and memory impairments (interaction term aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.30-3.39). Nonuse and difficulty in the use of eHealth were consistently associated with language impairments and intellectual impairments. For example, language impairments were inversely associated with use of the logged-in eHealth services in 1177.se in 2021 (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36-0.67) and were associated with difficulty in the use of 1177.se in 2019 (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.50-3.36) and the logged-in eHealth services in 1177.se in 2021 (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32-2.70). Intellectual impairments were inversely associated with the use of the logged-in eHealth services in 1177.se in 2021 (aOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.13-0.27). CONCLUSIONS: This repeated cross-sectional survey study, including participants with diverse types of impairment and a control group without impairment, reveals persisting disability digital divides, despite an accelerated adoption of eHealth across the pandemic. eHealth services were not accessible to some groups of people who were identified as being at risk of severe disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. This implies that all people could not use eHealth as a measure of infection protection
Counteract loyalty conflicts in children : The work of family law social workers in cooperation dialogues
No full textStudien syftar till att studera hur familjerättssekreterare under samarbetssamtal med föräldrar arbetar för att minska risken att barn försätts i lojalitetskonflikter. Studien baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju familjerättssekreterare från olika svenska kommuner. Insamlad data analyserades kvalitativt med tematisk analysmetod. Analysen resulterade i tre huvudteman: ’livet i skuggan av föräldrakonflikter’, ’föräldrar har ambitionen, men saknar ibland förmågan’ och’att bygga broar som familjerättssekreterare’. Studiens resultat visar att familjerättssekreterare arbetar med lojalitetskonflikter genom att informera föräldrar och föra in barnet som ett ämne i samtalet och, i den mån det är lämpligt, även fysiskt. Av resultaten framgår att föräldrar är medvetna om föräldrakonfliktens påverkan på barnet men att konflikten utgör ett hinder för ett fungerande samarbete mellan föräldrarna. Sammanfattningsvis visar studiens resultat att familjerättssekreterare upplever samarbetssamtal som en svår men samtidigt betydelsefull förebyggande arbetsmetod.This study aims to investigate how family law social workers mitigate the risk of children experiencing loyalty conflicts during cooperation dialogues with parents.The study is based on semi-structured interviews with seven family law socialworkers from various Swedish municipalities, the collected data was analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in three main themes:‘life in the shadow of parental conflicts’, ‘parents have the ambition, but sometimes exhibit a deficiency in their ability’, and ‘building bridges as family law socialworkers’. The findings indicate that family law social workers address loyalty conflicts by informing parents and introducing the child as a subject in the conversation – both verbally and, when appropriate, physically. While parents acknowledge the impact of conflict on their child, the conflict itself often hinderscooperation. In conclusion, the study highlights that family law social workers perceive cooperation dialogues as a challenging yet crucial preventive method.
The complex reality of prostitution : Experiences of societal support
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att utforska kvinnors erfarenheter av samhällets stöd under och efter prostitution i Sverige. Genom att analysera fyra kvinnors självbiografier om prostitution framkom både positiva och negativa aspekter av stödet de mottagit från olika samhällsaktörer. De centrala fynden i studien var vikten av ett icke-dömande, empatiskt och stödjande bemötande, vilket ofta varit avgörande för kvinnorna för att våga prata om sina upplevelser. Resultatet visade även hur negativa erfarenheter försvårar möjligheten för kvinnorna att ta emot adekvat stöd. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och en tematisk analys användes för att analysera datamaterialet. Studien understryker behovet av en ökad kunskap och medvetenhet bland professionella för att bättre kunna möta kvinnor med erfarenhet av prostitution. The purpose of this study was to explore women's experiences of societal support during and after prostitution in Sweden. By analyzing the autobiographies of four women about their experiences of prostitution, both positive and negative aspects of the support they received from various societal actors emerged. The key findings from the study showed the importance of a non-judgmental, empathetic, and supportive reception, which has often been crucial for the women to feel comfortable sharing their experiences. The results also showed how negative experiences prevent women’s ability to receive adequate support. The study has a qualitative approach, and a thematic analysis was used to analyze the data material. The study emphasizes the need for increased knowledge and awareness among professionals to better meet the needs of women with experiences of prostitution
The Impact of Financial InclusionOn Economic Growth InDeveloping Countries : Evidence From Panel Data Analysis
No full textIn recent years, financial inclusion has gained a very strong factor of economic growth to reduce inequality, yet significant gaps remain in understanding its multidimensional nature and impact across income groups. This thesis addresses the gap by constructing a comprehensive Financial Inclusion Index (FII) for 47 developing countries, using panel data from the World Bank's Global Findex database for 2014, 2017, and 2021. Employing a two-stage Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodology, the study captures two essential dimensions of financial inclusion: access and usage of financial services. The findings reveal a positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth. Furthermore, it also shows significant disparities in financial inclusion, with low income countries disproportionately facing challenges in access and usage compared to the upper middle-income. Moreover, this study has also used different variables of the access and usage of financial services to better assess their impact on economic growth. The results not only fill a gap in existing literature but also emphasize the important role for policymakers to implement targeted financial inclusion strategies especially in developing countries. By Addressing social challenges, enhancing financial infrastructure, and promoting digital and traditional financial solutions, we can get closer to narrow the financial inclusion gap and driving equitable economic participation
Behind the violence : Women’s stories of intimate partner violence
No full textVåld i nära relationer är ett utbrett och komplext samhällsproblem, där var tredje kvinna i världen drabbas. Syftet med studien var att få en förståelse för våld i nära relationer utifrån de utsatta kvinnornas perspektiv genom att se hur kvinnor beskriver det våld de utsätts för och vad som föranleder våldet. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats där en tematisk analys genomfördes utifrån två självbiografier skrivna av kvinnor som levt i våldsamma relationer. Resultatet visade att våldet beskrivs som fysiska våldshandlingar, sexuella våldshandlingar, psykisk misshandel och maktutövande över kvinnan. Vad som föranleder våldet beskrivs som mannens självupptagenhet och sexuella och emotionella brister samt reaktion på kvinnans autonomi. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån feministisk ståndpunktsteori och normaliseringsprocessen där förklaringar till maktstrukturer lyfts utifrån könsmaktsordningen samt normaliseringen av våldet. Slutligen påpekas behovet av fortsatt forskning om våld i nära relationer utifrån kvinnors perspektiv. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread issue, affecting one in three women worldwide. This study explores IPV from women's perspectives by analyzing how they describe the violence they endure and how they explain the causes of the violence. Using a qualitative approach, a thematic analysis was conducted on two autobiographies from women who lived in violent relationships. The results reveal four types of violence: physical, sexual, psychological, and coercive control. The causes are linked to the man's self-absorption, emotional and sexual deficiencies and reactions to the autonomy of the women. These findings were analyzed through feminist standpoint theory and the normalization process, highlighting power structures within gender dynamics. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding IPV from women's perspectives and calls for further research on IPV