International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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Akita Forests in Modern Japan: An On-the-Ground View of the Green Archipelago
Full text linkdepartmental bulletin pape
An Analysis of the Long-Term Effects of Liberal Arts Education Using a Graduate Survey
Full text link本稿では，リベラルアーツ教育を行う大学で長期的な卒業生への教育効果を，卒業生調査を用いて検証する先行研究が日本では少ないことに着目し，国際基督教大学（ICU）が自己点検・評価を行うにあたり，2022年10月に卒業生に対し行ったサーベイ調査の分析を行った。有効回答者数は715人であった。t 検定と順序ロジットを用いた統計分析の結果では，2008年以降の教学改革の効果が，ディプロマポリシーを反映する項目を含む多くの質問項目で認められた。さらに，人文科学・社会科学・自然科学などの専修分野別の特性のある学修効果の違いも認められた。We focus on the fact that there are not many previous studies that examine the long-term educational effects based on surveys of graduates at liberal arts universities in Japan. We analyzed a survey for graduates conducted by International Christian University (ICU) in October 2022 as part of a self-study and accreditation review. The number of effective respondents was 715. The results of a statistical analysis using t-tests and ordinal logit regressions demonstrated the effects of the teaching and learning reforms since 2008 in many question items, including items reflecting the diploma policy. Furthermore, the long-term educational impacts reflecting each specialized field of study, such as Humanities, Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences, were also observed.departmental bulletin pape
Mentalizing Approach in School Counseling: Hints for Working With Children Who Are Refusing to Go to School or Who Have Developmental Disabilities
Full text link本研究では，日本の学校におけるスクールカウンセリングで実現可能なメンタライジング・アプローチについて，①関係づくり，②アセスメント，③治療構造，④介入方法とスタンスの4点に焦点づけて検討した。特に，先行研究で取り上げられていない不登校や発達障害を有する子どもに関わる際のヒントを提示することを目的とした。メンタライジング・アプローチは特定の障害や問題を対象としない汎用性の高いアプローチであるため，スクールカウンセリングのように，子どもに生じる様々な問題を取り扱う際に有効であると考えられた。This study examined a mentalizing approach adapt to the structure of school counseling in Japan focusing on four points: (1) building relationships, (2) assessment, (3) structure of therapy (and/or counseling), and (4) intervention methods and therapist’s stance. In particular, we aimed to refer to work with children with school absenteeism and/or developmental disabilities, which has never been mentioned in previous research. Since the mentalizing approach is a versatile approach that does not target specific disorders or problems, it was considered effective in clinical practice, such as school counseling, which deals with a wide variety of problems that arise with children.departmental bulletin pape
Consciousness as a Subject: The Linguistic Structure of Attention and Consciousness
Full text link初期視覚とAttentionの機能を見直し，動機づけの働きを考慮に入れるために，特徴の検出と統合を言語
プロセスになぞらえ，特徴の述語的記述によって描かれる主語的表現として捉える。述語的記述は受容性
であり，それを受容するのが主語的表現としての意識である。述語的受容性は環境の負のエントロピー
の受容性であり，また偶然性の受容でもある。偶然性を受容した述語的記述を受容することで，主語的
表現が生まれ，〈文〉が成立し，そこから命題と論理が抽出可能となる。偶然性の受容を通して前論理的
構造から論理的構造が生まれてくる。そこに成立する一人称の意識は，物質的な必然性の支配から自由
な自律した思考が可能となる。そこに物質と精神が連続しつつお互いに自由である関係が成立する。In order to review the functions of early vision and attention and to take into account the motivational
function, we compare the detection and integration of features to a linguistic process and consider them as
subjective expressions depicted by the predicate description of features. Predicate description is receptivity,
and it is consciousness as a subject expression that accepts it. Predicate receptivity is the acceptance of the
negative entropy of the environment, as well as the acceptance of chance. By accepting predicate
descriptions that accept chance, subjective expressions are born, sentences are established, and propositions
and logic can be extracted from them. Through the acceptance of chance, a logical structure emerges from a prelogical structure. The first-person consciousness that is established there enables independent thought
free from the domination of material necessity. This is where matter and mind are continuous and mutually free.departmental bulletin pape
Equity and Inclusion in Rural Kenyan Primary Education: Reconsidering Public and Private Dichotomy Analysis
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Analyzing Discourses on Islam and Women’s Rights: Influences on Post-9/11 Peacebuilding Efforts in Afghanistan
Full text linkThis article investigates to what extent misconceptions regarding Islam and women’s rights, as prevalent in Western discourses, influenced both the war on terror and post9/11 peacebuilding efforts in Afghanistan. Using an analytical approach that combines elements of Orientalism, Western liberal feminism, Islamic feminism, and intersectionality, this paper examines the multi-dimensional narratives surrounding women’s rights in Afghanistan. This paper explores the historical backdrop of women’s rights in Afghanistan,
investigates the strategies surrounding women’s rights during the war on terror and post9/11 peacebuilding, provides an overarching view of the prevalent misconceptions in Western discourses, and synthesizes these discussions to analyze women’s rights in the post-9/11 Afghan context.This article states that these two key misconceptions of Islam and women’s rights
in Western discourses, the rhetoric of ‘Islam oppresses women’ and the portrayal of
‘Muslim women as passive victims’ in need of liberation, played a central role in framing the war on terror and subsequent peacebuilding efforts in Afghanistan. Specifically, this paper discusses how IC aid actors, particularly the U.S. and its allies, exploited the above misconceptions about Islam and women’s rights both to justify the post-9/11 invasion of Afghanistan and to position themselves as ‘liberators,’ thereby creating a binary narrative that portrayed Muslim societies as ‘oppressors’ during post-9/11 peacebuilding efforts. The discourses of Afghan women’s rights issues tended to be used by the IC aid actors, especially the U.S., as a symbolic ‘tool’ to justify and legitimize their military intervention and post-9/11 peacebuilding efforts. This paper points out that the above binary perspectives of Western discourses on Islam and women’s rights not only served as justifications for the post-9/11 intervention in Afghanistan but also oversimplified the multi-dimensional realities of Muslim societies, casting the West as the ‘savior’ and
Muslim societies as inherently oppressive. In this regard, Western liberal feminists often universalize women’s experiences, overlooking cultural nuances, while Islamic feminists provide a more nuanced lens, highlighting the diversity of women’s experiences rooted in Islamic teaching.
As for the above arguments, this paper underscores the importance of transcending binary narratives, not to deny the harsh realities faced by Afghan women but to present a more nuanced, empirical representation of their lives. It contends that the above binary discourses often sideline the multifaceted insights provided by Islamic feminism, which offers a nuanced perspective on the diversity of women’s experiences within various Islamic societies. In this regard, this paper asserts that the introduction of Kimberlé Crenshaw’s concept of ‘intersectionality’ into this discourse illuminates the multifaced identities of Afghan women, emphasizing the interconnectedness of identity markers like gender, race, class, and religion. Moreover, intersectionality has the potential to act as a bridge between the Western liberal feminists and Islamic feminists’ ideologies,
underscoring that advocating for women’s rights is not a straightforward path but a complex journey reflecting the various experiences of the women it seeks to empower. While intersectionality originated within Western academic discourse, it has since transcended its origins, becoming a universally applicable framework to address global complexities of identities and inequities.
In conclusion, the above two misconceptions about Islam and women’s rights
in Western discourses were pivotal in framing the war on terror and subsequent
peacebuilding efforts in Afghanistan. These misconceptions led to an oversimplified
understanding of Afghan women’s experiences. This paper advocates transcending
binary narratives to embrace a multi-dimensional understanding of Afghan women’s
identities and experiences. It stresses moving beyond binary narratives and spotlighting the intricate interplay of factors shaping various experiences of Afghan women in their specific socio-political and cultural contexts.departmental bulletin pape
