International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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カミングアウトをめぐる可変的な交渉過程／ ある障害をもつ男性同性愛者の経験を事例に
Full text linkThis article clarifies how a status of disabled minority affects a process in which gay people inform their parents of their sexualities. Most research on this issue has often presumed that individuals belonging to both sexuality and disability minorities would experience compounded disadvantages, leading multiple difficulties in coming out. As a case study of such coming out processes, I apply three coming out models remarkably discussed in in the context of Queer Sinophone Studies: coming-out model, coming-home model, and coming-with model. Based on these models, this study focuses on a Taiwan-based gay man with physical disabilities faced through the experience of coming out to his parents. The result indicates that the gay man’s status of combined minorities with sexuality and disabilities, which led to “compounded disadvantages”, did not act as a negative factor in his relationship with his family. In conclusion, those with combined minorities flexibly apply their multiple minorities in order to improve the family relationship in the process of coming out, in which they switch or combine some among the three models depending on the situation. It is crucial not to categorize them strictly into a particular model. Instead, examining these experiences within the broader context of the complexities faced by individual parties and the subsequent transformations in family relationships provides a more nuanced understanding.departmental bulletin pape
Development of an E-Learning Program With “Easy Japanese” for Training Medical Interpreters
Full text link日本に在留する外国人の多くは，日常生活の中で言語的な困難を経験するが，英語以外の言語面での支援は十分ではない。「やさしい日本語」が外国人同士のコミュニケーション手段として注目されているが，「やさしい日本語」を用いた医療通訳の学習教材は未だ見当たらない。本研究の目的は，希少言語話者の医療通訳学習者のための「やさしい日本語」を用いたeラーニングプログラムを開発することである。2016年に開発した，医療通訳養成プログラムを基に，eラーニングプログラムを開発した。プログラムでは，Moodleをプラットフォームとして使用し，ロールプレイングなどを「やさしい日本語」化し，新たに日本の病院の文化などに関するウェビナーも追加された。Webベースでの医療通訳養成プログラムは，コロナ禍で提供が進んだが，まだ講義動画を配信するなど一方的な学習のものが多く，双方向的な学習システムの前例は少ない。特にロールプレイをしながら診療の流れに沿って通訳を学ぶことができるシステムはほとんどなく，「やさしい日本語」での試みは本邦初である。本研究により開発されたeラーニングプログラムは，今後の研究の有力なツールとなる可能性がある。Many of the foreign residents in Japan experience linguistic difficulties in their daily lives. “Easy Japanese” is gaining attention as a means of communication between multilingual foreigners in Japan. However, there may be problems with languages that are not widely studied in Japan. The purpose of this study was to develop an e-learning program for medical translators using “Easy Japanese”.
Based on a program developed in 2016, an e-learning program for Easy Japanese was developed for medical translators. The web-based Medical Interpreter Training Program with “Easy Japanese” included role playing. A webinar about the culture of Japanese hospitals and ways to improve interpreting skills were also added. Web-based medical interpreter training programs have been offered due to the oronavirus pandemic, but many of them are still one-sided learning, such as distributing lecture videos, and there are few precedents for interactive learning systems. In particular, there are few systems that allow interpreters to learn interpretation along the flow of medical treatment while role-playing, and this is the first attempt in Japan to use “Easy Japanese.” The curriculum developed in this study could be a powerful tool for future research to develop more effective training programs for medical interpreters that can help overcome language and cultural barriers between medical professionals and patients.departmental bulletin pape
A Consideration of Men and Masculinity Studies Applying Performativity: From Theory to Prospect
Full text linkProblematized in this article is the notion that men and masculinity studies (MMS) have conceptualized masculinity as men’s practice, identity, or something that determines men’s actions, and that this conceptualizing helps to take the category of men for granted. Thus, the theory of masculinities by Raewyn Connell, which has been the most influential in MMS, is critically considered in terms of the above point. Further, in doing so, it is indicated that it is effective to apply the concept of performativity by Judith Butler to theorize masculinity. The concept of performativity reveals that the category of men as a consistent gender never exists in subjects, and it is an unachievable process through incomplete repetition of asculinity. In addition, repetition can always fail, with the possibility of resignification. Performativity shows that men and masculinity are not fixed but fluid, with the possibility of failure. However, in Connell’s analysis, masculinity is recognized as men’s collective practice. With the notion of masculinity as men’s collective practice, she herself positions each masculinity into gender relations based on the dualism of masculinity/femininity. It is further pointed out that masculinity as collective practice always assumes the category of men as bearers of masculinity in advance.
Practices are recognized as things already done, and this notion ends up ignoring the fact that performative repetition of masculinity is incomplete and unachievable. It is pointed out here that Connell’s theoretical framework multiplies masculinities, but in the end she treats them all as fixed. Therefore, the fixed category of men is always assumed in advance. It is concluded in this article that to overcome this theoretical limitation, it is effective to develop theories of masculinity applying performativity, which enables us to reconsider men and masculinity as fluid. Finally, focusing on MMS in Japan, this article discusses some prospects of studies applying performativity.departmental bulletin pape
「ノンケじゃない」既婚男性による 「既婚者であること」の実践
Full text linkThis paper aims to explore how gay/bisexual married men (do not) use their marital status to manipulate other gay/bisexual men’s impression of married ones when they have romantic or sexual relationships with other gay/bisexual men who are single (and married), using the colloquial term “non-ke” to signify heterosexuals. Several studies, called MOM (Mixed Orientation Marriage) research, focuses on gay/bisexual men who marry women and their relationships with wives and children. Much of this research has illustrated the reasons for marriage, post-coming-out marital relationships, and identity issues. Therefore, there is a remaining gap in understanding of closeted married gay/bisexual men. Specifically, there is limited research on how they handle “being married” when having sexual or romantic relationships with other men. Additionally, previous studies tend to interpret their experiences within the binary framework of “heterosexuality/homosexuality,” overlooking the experiences of such men that cannot be captured within these frameworks.
To analyze their behaviors, this paper first utilizes “non-ke (straight),” which is the slang term referring to heterosexuals by sexual minorities in Japan.
Drawing on Sedgwick (2001) and Takemura’s (2002) theories, this study revisits the concept of homosociality from the perspective on “non-ke/not non-ke” based on actions engaging in “heterosexual” marriages and sex. This perspective allows for an interpretation of men who fall out from the binary “heterosexual/homosexual” framework. Following this standpoint, the narratives of two married men who identify as not non-ke are then demonstrated such as how they handle their “being married” when they approach other not non-ke men.
Initial research reveals two contradicting methods of the management of “being married”. Within the context of homosociality, the degree of commitment to heterosexual norms, explicitly manifests as “being married”, and this status is interpreted as “straightness”, even if the married men have romantic/sexual desire for other men. This commitment is found to be a cause of rejection or sexual interest from other men who identify as not non-ke. In response to these reactions, these married men may choose to conceal their marital status and become (“ordinary”) non-ke or, conversely, present their married status as a means to appeal to other not non-ke men and attempt to build a bond with the men in the same situation.departmental bulletin pape
