International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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Thomas Reid on common sense and moral liberty
Get PDFReid considers freedom of the will as one of the first principles of common sense. First principles do not in nature admit of ‘direct or apodictical proof’, while Reid gives three arguments for moral liberty which should be prescribed by first principles. This may seem inconsistent within Reid’s methodology of common sense philosophy. This paper will examine the consistency in Reid’s theory on will and active power as a first principle. Further, I consider whether Reid’s explanation of mental phenomena such as will and active power is mysterian. In conclusion I show that Reidian explanations of mental phenomena are unlike the ones to which antagonists to mysterian tend to subscribe.departmental bulletin pape
Phonetics of Geminate Nasals in Kiribati
Get PDFミクロネシア語族の一言語であるキリバス語には，短鼻音と長鼻音がある。本論文では男女4人ずつ8 名のキリバス語話者から録音した鼻音のデータに基づく音響分析結果を報告する。8人の話者が8個のア イテムを5回繰り返した320トークンのデータを分析した。その結果は，佐藤（2009, 2011）の報告結果 を支持するもので，長鼻音は短鼻音の2倍以上の長さであった。さらに本研究では，単音節語には，最 小語効果（オンセットの鼻音の種類に関わらず，単音節の長さが同じ）が見られることを示す。すなわ ち，短鼻音のオンセットの後ろに来る短母音は長めであった。一方，複数音節語では，短鼻音の後ろに 来る短母音が長くなることはなかった。また，長鼻音の後ろに長母音が来るという唇鼻音のオンセット についても報告する。その結果，予測通りに，長鼻音のオンセットと長母音の長さには，有意な相関関 係があることがわかった。Kiribati is a Micronesian language with singleton and geminate nasals. This paper reports results of an acoustic study of Kiribati nasals based on data from 8 speakers (4 males and 4 females). Analyses were performed on 320 tokens (8 items * 8 speakers * 5 repetitions). Results show that geminate nasals are longer than singleton nasals, echoing findings reported in Sato (2009, 2011). We further report that monosyllabic words display a word-minimality effect based on the finding that syllables with singleton or geminate onsets have the same duration, that is, short vowels are longer after a singleton onset. However, in multisyllabic words, we do not see such a vowel lengthening after a singleton consonant. We also report the duration of labial onsets when geminates are followed by a long vowel. As expected, a positive correlation is found between the duration of geminate onsets and that of long vowels.departmental bulletin pape
Linguistic Analysis of Gender/Sexualities: Interdisciplinary Deciphering of the Construction of Power Relationships
Get PDF本研究ノートでは，教育学や社会学におけるジェンダーおよびセクシュアリティ権力交渉研究に有効 であると考えられる言語概念を紹介する。具体的には，北米言語人類学および社会言語学で中心的な分 析ツールである「言語イデオロギー」および「指標性」概念を紹介し，近年注目されている言語の物質 性（materiality）についても言及し，それらの概念を援用した研究例を示す。日本の教育学や社会学的研 究において，言語は中心的な課題とはなっていないが，言語概念を取り入れることによって，権力関係 のダイナミックな構築過程が捉えられ，ジェンダー/セクシュアリティに関わる二項対立図式を乗り越 えられる分析へのヒントが得られることを示唆したい。This research note introduces linguistic concepts that I consider effective for analyzing gendered and sexual power relationships in educational and sociological studies. Among various linguistic concepts, I explain “language ideologies,” “indexicality,” and “language and materiality,” all of which are central to North American anthropology and sociolinguistics, and show examples of research to depict these concepts. In most educational and sociological studies in Japan, language has often been a non-central theme, but this paper asserts that through employing linguistic concepts to these studies, we can understand the dynamic processes of power constructions and go beyond the traditional dichotomies based on gender/sexuality.departmental bulletin pape
