International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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    5325 research outputs found

    アジア文化研究所活動報告 (2020 年1 月― 2020 年12 月)

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    Can Positive Deviance Improve Learning in Developing Countries? Baseline Findings and Adaptations to Counter COVID-19 Effects in Rural Uganda.

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    発展途上国の多くの子どもたちは小学校に数年間就学するが,基礎的な読解力と計算力を習得するこ とができず,持続可能な開発目標の第4目標の達成が危ぶまれている。混雑した教室と質の低い教授に 代表されるように,これらの子どもたちの大多数の学習環境は困難を極めている。しかしながら,類似 した学校やコミュニティの環境下においても,こうした困難にもかかわらず一貫してより良い学習成果 を上げている子どもたちがいる―これをポジティブ・ディビアンスという。本稿は,近隣の学校のコミュ ニティに対してポジティブ・ディビアンスの行動様式を再現するランダム化社会実験の実施前に行っ た,ウガンダ農村部の150校の学校のコミュニティに対するベースライン調査の時点での教育の文脈を 描写する。また,新型コロナ感染症の世界的な流行によって起きた学校閉鎖の影響を軽減するために親 と学校が行った実践についても論じる。調査の結果から,児童労働と親の無関与がブソガ地域における 学校に外部要因として影響を及ぼしていること,教師は学校の質を改善するための教授法についての支援を求めていることが分かった。その対策として,親と教師は学習を改善するためにより交流を増やし, 有効な情報の共有をするという介入の提案を熱心に受け入れた。そして,学校閉鎖にも拘わらず,都市 封鎖の間にもいくつかの学校は生徒が学習を継続できるような支援を続けることができた。学校閉鎖に 対応するために,親たちは,直接的な学習支援の提供,子どもたちの社会情動的なニーズの優先,子ど もたちのその他の実践的なライフスキルの向上への焦点化という3つの主な戦略を取ったことも判明し た。Many children in developing countries enroll in primary school for several years but fail to master the basics of reading and counting, representing a major threat to the achievement of SDG four. For most of these children, the learning environment is extremely difficult – characterized by classroom overcrowding and low-quality instruction. Yet in other similar schools and communities, children are consistently achieving better learning despite the odds – these are Positive Deviants (PDs). This paper describes, at baseline, the education context covering 150 school communities (SCs) in rural Uganda, prior to implementing a randomized social experiment that replicates behaviors of the PDs in neighboring SCs. We also describe the practices used by some parents and schools to mitigate the effects of school closures occasioned by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that child labor and parental disengagement constitute the most pressing external challenges affecting schools in Busoga sub-region, and teachers expressed need for regular pedagogical support to improve instructional quality. Both parents and teachers strongly approved the proposal to increase interaction and sharing of actionable information to improve learning. Despite the closures, some schools reached out to their students providing support to keep them engaged with learning during the lockdown. To cope with school closures, parents adapted three main strategies – providing direct academic support, prioritizing children’s social-emotional needs, and focusing on development of children’s other practical life skills.departmental bulletin pape

    SSRI Open Lecture and ICU-Sophia University International Symposium

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    ICULD-0025 Xitsonga (S53): 2013 data, collected in South Africa

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    The genetic manuscript of Kaneko Mitsuharu’s IL: Part 1 “IL”

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    Societal Asymmetry Among Queensland’s Japanese and Spanish speaking Migrants: A Macroscopic Perspective

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    In this paper I will focus on how certain societal and structural parameters, born in Queensland’s Britannia-centric society in the 18th century, still come together to generate a unique societal asymmetry among both its Japanese and Spanish speaking communities. I will first review the migration policies particularly held in Queensland (Australia) and then I will examine the factors shaping Queensland’s societal asymmetry among the two communities involved. Finally, I will explore past and present sociolinguistic and demographic data, and the language vitality in education and economy in order to find the key factors leading to the current state of affairs.departmental bulletin pape

    Prosody in Punjabi

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    Punjabi Materials

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