International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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A Maternal and Child Health Handbook to Raise Awareness of the Importance of the Mother Tongue
Get PDF多言語環境の子育てに関する研究成果によれば，養育者の母語は，子育ての自信，愛着（アタッチメント）の形成，子のアイデンティティの安定，認知力の発達と伸長等に資する役割がある。もし養育者が自信を持って使える母語ではなく外国語で子育てをした場合，認知力の発達や，アイデンティティの確立に困難がおこる可能性がある。ただ，この問題は学齢期になって顕在化するため，乳幼児期の子育て期間中，母語の役割の重要性は周囲の医療従事者，母子保健従事者，保育・幼児教育関係者等から見逃されやすい。その結果，周囲から養育者の母語ではなく，養育者にとっては外国語となる現地語での子育てを推奨される事例が報告されている。そこで，多言語環境における子育てのことばに関して母語の役割の知識を母子健康手帳に記載し，社会的に共有することを提案したい。
According to research related to child care in a multilingual environment, the caregiver’s mother tongue or native language affects the confidence in raising a child, the formation of attachment, the stability of the child’s identity, the development and improvement of cognitive ability and many other aspects. In cases where the caregiver uses a foreign language rather than their confident native language, there is a possibility of hinderance in areas such as the development of cognitive ability or identity. It is difficult to detect these issues while an infant because most only begin to show around the age school begins. Therefore, the importance of the role a native language plays in caregiving is hard to acknowledge for health care providers, maternal and child health care providers, day-care and early childhood education practitioners, who are supporting the caregiver. As a result, there are cases reported where caregivers are recommended to use the local language, which is foreign to them, instead of their native language. Here it is proposed to provide information on the effects of the caregiver’s native language when raising a child in the maternal
and child health handbook so it can be shared within society.departmental bulletin pape
Practice and Prospects of Virtual Exchanges in Korean / Japanese Language Classroom: Assessment of Language Proficiency and Intercultural Communicative Competence
Get PDF本稿では、異文化間コミュニケーション能力を育てるために提案、実施されている教
授法のうち、インターネット技術の進化と共に世界中に広まっているバーチャル型国際
間交流学習（Virtual Exchanges, VE）を導入し韓国の日本語学習者と日本の韓国語学
習者間で行われた交流学習の事例について紹介する。また、今回の VE に参加した日韓
の学習者を対象に実施した自己評価式のアンケート調査を分析し、VE が学習者の学習
動機や言語運用能力、異文化間コミュニケーション能力に与えた影響について考察を行
う。分析の結果、参加者は今回の VE を通して「多くのことを学んだ」、「今後も続けた
い」と肯定的に評価していた。言語運用能力については、韓国の学習者が日本側に比べ
自分のパフォーマンスを高く評価しているが、日韓ともに今回の VE を通して学習意欲
が高まり、続けると言語運用能力が向上すると回答した。異文化間コミュニケーション
能力については、日韓ともに高く自己評価していた。
With the remarkable evolution of internet technology, virtual exchanges (VE) are spreading out across the world as a new pedagogy to cultivate intercultural sensitivity and communicative competence. This article introduces a case study of VE in higher education that has been implemented between Japanese learners in Korea and Korean learners in Japan. It, then, investigates the effectiveness of the VE including the improvements in language proficiency and intercultural communicative competence with the use of self-evaluation questionnaire after the VE. The result revealed positive effectiveness in the learners’ motivation to their target-language and intercultural communicative competence, though the Korean learners were not highly satisfied with their linguistic performances.departmental bulletin pape
An exploratory study of an extensive reading program with Xreading in a Japanese university
Get PDFThe literature has provided empirical evidence that traditional extensive reading (ER) programs can help develop learners’ lexical knowledge and reading speed. However, few studies have examined whether the same positive outcomes can be found in online ER programs. The current study investigated the effects of an online ER program with Xreading, where students were expected to learn vocabulary incidentally as well as intentionally. It was discovered that the students were able to increase their vocabulary knowledge and average reading speed over the course of one academic year. Thus, the students’ vocabulary knowledge and reading rate appear to be improved by this online ER program. However, the correlations between the total word counts and vocabulary gains as well as reading rate gains were not statistically significant. Therefore, these improvements can be due to the influence of other English lessons, though the results could be caused by the fact that most of the students completed the word count goals. Some suggestions for future research are also presented.departmental bulletin pape
Distinct Features of Foreign-Relations Activities of Okinawa Prefecture
Get PDFThe history and culture of Okinawa are often said as “distinct.” The foreign-relations activities of Okinawa Prefecture also display distinct features as compared to those of the other 13 prefectures in which U.S. military bases are stationed in Japan. In the current study, along with an investigation of relevant documents, telephone interviews with officials in the U.S. military base affairs division of 13 prefectures were conducted in 2001, 2011, and 2019. After close investigation on those data, it was found that only Okinawa Prefecture has regular meetings between the Japanese government and U.S. military with regard to U.S. military bases, and regular visits for lobbying U.S. government officials, Congress members, and experts on U.S military base issues in Okinawa. To interpret the results of the data analysis, several theoretical frameworks, such as the complex interdependence model, “intermestic politics model,” and the writers “resolving matrix model,” are suggested. However, further concrete analysis of the political processes will be necessary.departmental bulletin pape
Agenda for Human Rights Education in Japan: Government Role and Perspective
Get PDF今日，日本は多文化国家になりつつある。グローバル化により国際的連携が増し，理解が高まる一方，国家，地方レベルで文化的ひずみが生じ，民族の多様性，公生，社会の受け入れに関する論争が起こっている。何世紀にも渡り，日本人は単一民族だと信じられてきたが，2007年の国連総会で世界の先住民族の存在が承認され，先住民族である少数民族の人権を保証することが可決された。翌年日本政府もアイヌが日本の先住民族であることを承認した。しかし，アイヌをはじめ，日本における少数民族の人権擁護は日本人の排他主義のために未だ不十分である。本稿はまず歴史的視野から日本における少数民族の人権問題を提起する。次に，世界的視野から人権の内容，人権擁護の必要性を叙述し，さらに日本における人権運動の核をなす文化の意味を分析する。そして最後に，人権教育に関する日本政府の役割，展望を検索する。
Today Japan is becoming a multicultural nation due to globalization. There are positive and negative factors of its change. Despite increased interconnections and understanding across borders, cultures and societies have not yet quickly reacted and adapted to this change. That has caused cultural tensions at national and local levels, which has raised issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Equity embraces inclusion of everyone, especially groups of minorities who are marginalized in the pluralistic society because of prejudice and discrimination against them. Many Japanese believed for centuries that Japan is a homogeneous, middle-class society. However, the notion became a myth when Japan entered a long-term recession and when the United Nations General Assembly recognized the existence of indigenous people in the world and guaranteed their human rights in 2007. Japanese government acknowledged the Ainu as indigenous people of Japan in 2008. Other major social minorities include Okinawans, Zainichi (resident) Koreans, and Burakumin (outcastes). Their human rights are deprived by the ethnocentrism of the mainstream Japanese who determine those social minorities as the others. This research examines: (a) human rights issues of social minorities in Japan in historical context; (b) the nature of human rights of social minorities and its advocacy in global context; (c) the meaning of culture in human rights movements in Japan; and (d) Japanese government role and perspective on Human Rights education. This research will benefit educators who are engaged in advancing equity and inclusion in valuing diversity.departmental bulletin pape
A Study-Abroad Returnee’s Reflections and Development of Intercultural Sensitivity
Get PDF過去十数年において，海外留学プログラムに参加した日本人学生数は約三倍に増加し，2019年度には十万人を超えた。派遣留学生の増加に伴い，多くの大学では留学準備の講座を開設してきた。しかし指導できる人的資源の限界，または学生の興味の喪失が原因で，帰国後の講座の開設が課題になっている。その一方で，自己啓発のためにあらゆる機会を通して，帰国後に振り返りに取り組む元留学生もいる。本稿では，新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大が原因で，留学先より帰国せざるを得なかった一人の日本人大学生の事例研究を扱う。筆者が指導する留学準備講座を帰国後に受講し，それを通して当該学生の異文化感受性の発達が，振り返りの記述内容にどのように現れているか探求する。
In the past decade, the number of Japanese students who participated in study-abroad programs has tripled, reaching over 100,000 in academic year 2019. In response to the increase of Japanese students going abroad, many universities are making attempts to prepare them for their study abroad by offering presojourn courses. On the other hand, the availability of post-sojourn programs for the returnees seems to be limited, due to shortage of resources or students’ loss of interest. Despite these conditions which seem unfavorable, some former study-abroad participants have taken advantage of opportunities available to them by engaging in reflection on further developing themselves. In the present research notes, I introduce a case study of a Japanese university student whose year-abroad was cut short due to COVID-19. This paper explores that by taking my study-abroad preparation course after returning to Japan, the participant’s intercultural sensitivity was further enhanced, which was revealed in her reflections.departmental bulletin pape