International Christian University Repository / 国際基督教大学リポジトリ
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Development of a New Media Literacy Scale for University Students : From 21st Century Skills Perspectives
Get PDF国際基督教大学博士2023doctoral thesi
The contribution of either in “either A or B”: a corpus-based semantic/pragmatic analysis
Get PDFコーパスデータの質的分析に基づいて，“either A or B”におけるeither の役割を意味論的・語用論的な観点から明らかにした。主要なケースの分類とその一般化を行い，更にeitherとコンテクスト情報との関係をふまえて理論的に精緻化した。 eitherを伴う表現の慣用化や日本語との比較も行った。“either Aor B”におけるeitherは，何種類かの観点ごとに，“A or B”の与える選択肢｛A, B｝を所定の比較要素と対照させることにより，“A or B”に特定の意味（選択肢の排他性，free choice，同質性，網羅性）を加える。その結果が“either A or B”の意味である。eitherは，“A or B”に作用する取り立て詞と位置づけられる。上記「観点」は，先行発話，話者や聴者の背景知識，話者の意図などのコンテクスト情報に基づいて，語用論的に導入・解釈される。“either A or B”の具体的な意味は上記「観点」をパラメターとするため， underspecification（未特定性）の概念を伴う。Based on a qualitative analysis of corpus data, the contribution of either in “either A or B” was investigated from semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Major cases were classified and generalized, and then theoretical elaborations were made, based on the relation between either and contextual information. Issues of conventionalization of certain expressions derived from “either A or B”, and the comparison with Japanese data were also discussed. Either in “either A or B” adds specific meanings (i.e., exclusiveness, free choice, same class, and exhaustivity of the options) to “A or B”, by contrasting “A or B” (specifically, orand the set of options {A, B}) with certain elements such as {A} and {B}. The specific meaning is determined according to the parameter called “perspective”, which is given by contextual information such as the preceding utterance, the background knowledge of the speaker and the hearer, and the intention of the speaker. Thus, either can be identified as a focus particle, with the parameter of above-mentioned “perspective”, rather than a single word with certain meaning. While the specific meanings of “either A or B” are semantically distinct, the process of determining the “perspective” involves pragmatics. Thus, the meaning of “either A or B” is analyzed in terms of underspecification.departmental bulletin pape
