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Principles of Laser Application in Medicine
Get PDFLaser are used today more and more in therapy and diagnostics. In diagnostics they are used additional to other procedures like metabolic monitoring (fluorescence diagnostic) resp. for optical imaging (Infrared-diaphanoscopy).
Main topic of medical applications therapy, in which Laser is sometime a surgical instrument sometime a central, alone standing therapeutic procedure.
But it is forgotten that Laser is light, a special light, but the biological reactions are in general not different from normal light. This is important to prevent disappointments on the other to use the experience of photobiology and light therapy. In medicine Laser is used since his invention 40 years ago mostly destructive but nature uses light since billion of years mainly constructive! So Lasers are used not only for cutting and removal on surfaces the application is more complex. This is caused by a continuous technical development of Laser-systems and accessories, like endoscops, but more important is the better knowledge about Laser-tissue-interaction.
The field of application is broad, there are daily new indications but other are replaced by the development of other techniques like Radiofrequency.
The indications are from plastic surgery over the congenital and vascular diseases to open surgical organ and tumor resections. Very important is Laser in endoscopic surgery and in interstitial Lasercoagulation. But in contrast to thermal procedures the indication for Photo dynamic Therapy are dysplasias and virus-induced tumors.
The experiences by the Photodynamic Therapy and the better understanding of biochemical metabolic processes open the field of indications for this therapeutic principle also for benign chronical diseases
Research of the yeasts Candida non - albicans on various medical devices in the service of resuscitation of the Teaching hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria
Get PDFBackground and aim: The fungic infections, more particularly the Candidiasis are frequent in the intensive care units. This had a relation with the heaviness of the pathologies, presented by the patients and the quasi-systematic recourse to various medical devices. In addition, we observe more and more and more the emergence of numerous species of Candida non- albicans in these hospital structures. That’s why we undertook this study which concerns the evaluation of the incidence of the sepathogenic on medical devices implanted during 48hours and more on patients hospitalized in the resuscitation service of CHU of Tlemcen.
Methods:After isolation of yeast son selective mediums, the strains obtained were identified by using chromogenicmediums (CHROMagar®Candida) and the Api identification Candidagalleries (BioMérieux®).
Results:The results showed that among100 samples are taken, 15% been altered by yeasts of Candida non-albicans.
Conclusion: It appears from this study that the fungal infections on medical devices are widely present in hospitals especially in the intensive care unit. The presence of Candida non- albicans yeasts is not negligible; they are 15% on the level of the various medical devices implanted
Antidiabetic bioactive compounds from plants
Get PDF Diabetes mellitus is a common and widespread disease that affects citizens in developed and developing countries. Diabetes is a disease that combines inherited and environmental causes that cause high blood sugar levels known as hyperglycemia. Phytotherapy has achieved good clinical practice and shows a bright future in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this review was to provide information about the most useful antidiabetic compounds from plants available through numerous literature sources from various databases. Many researches confirmed the benefits of phytoconstituants with antidiabetic effects in the management of diabetes mellitus. Thus, drugs from plants may control all pathological aspects of diabetes, either by increasing insulin production by the pancreas, helping to lower the body\u27s insulin requirements, or reducing gluconeogenesis in the liver. The effect of these antidiabetic plants has been tested in vivo and in vitro on rats, mice, rabbits and dogs. Very few have been tested on humans for their effectiveness
World teledermatology productivity in telemedicine literature: A bibliometric analysis of telemedicine publications between 1975 and 2016
Get PDFBackground: Teledermatology is a new medical technology that is increasingly used and accessible with the development of imaging technologies. The aim of this paper is to perform a bibliometric analysis of the world productivity in telemedicine field.
Methods: We used Web of Science database and included all teledermatology documents published between 1975 and 2016.
Results: We found a total of 12,641 items and 7,164 of which were original articles. The USA was the leading country with 4,342 articles followed by the UK and Germany. Teledermatology field covered only 6.26% of all telemedicine literature. Herein we evaluated the world telemedicine productivity between 1975 to 2016.
Conclusion: The use of teledermatology is more important in rural areas, especially in which access is difficult. Telemedicine provides the conduction of dermatology applications to places where it is difficult to reach
Assessment of Inflammatory response of developed vaccine against scorpion envenomation using attenuated venom
Get PDFBackground: In Algeria Scorpion envenoming is very common, vaccine therapy based on irradiated venom antigens could be an attracted approach to prevent the lethal and pathophysiological effects induced after scorpion envenomation. The study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory response of detoxified Androctonus australis hector (Aah) venom used in vaccine approach against scorpion stings.
Methods: This approach was undertaken with groups of three New-Zealand Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits. The animals were inoculated three times at one-month interval. During the immunization schedule, blood samples were collected weekly after each injection. Cell count, serum peroxidase activities (MPO, EPO) and antibody titer (IgG) were evaluated. Six months after immunization, a protective effect of immunized rabbits with detoxified venom was evaluated by injection of different lethal doses of native Aah venom and mortality was recorded.
Results: During the immunization schedule, low levels of peripheral neutrophil, eosinophil cell count and peroxidase activities were observed in sera of immunized animals with detoxified venom. Furthermore, immunological response showed high level of lymphocyte titers accompanied with high IgG titer at one month after immunization followed by gradual decrease that persisted at six months. More interestingly, detoxified venom can induce an immunoprotective effect six months after immunization against challenge with lethal doses until 6 DL50 of native venom.
Conclusion: It seems that detoxified venom associated to alum adjuvant triggers a specific immune response with low inflammation. Despite antibody titer decreased with time, the protection remained higher. These results allowed this vaccine as a possible alternative to immunotherapy
Multimorbidity, a challenge for medical treatment, research and health care management
Get PDFMultimorbidity is a highly prevalent phenomenon in the elderly and of growing public health impact in aging societies due to rising life expectancies, more effective medical treatment and comprehensive social care facilities, resulting in longevity[1-3].
The increasing number of patients at an age of 60 and more are expected to have between 5 to 7 active diagnoses with multiple conditions and pathological states, varying recommendations for therapy and diverse personal wishes and contextual factors influencing. Disease-disease interactions have an impact on patient management processes, disease-disease medication interactions must be considered and balanced and potential medication-medication interactions kept in mind and avoided. Furthermore the interaction between somatic and psychiatric diseases is a completely underestimated field of conflicts and misjudgements. Multimorbidity is an important field of research as well. Thusthe lack of guidelines covering multimorbidity is more the rule than an exemption if not explicitely addressing old age.
Multimorbidity is going along with multiple changing of medical consultations, the need for a comprehensive care by different professions with time-consuming and strenuous transitions and communication routes, repeated hospital treatments, polypharmacy with frequently undesired mutual actions of drugs, unnecessary or redundant examinations and conflicting instructions for therapy resulting in accumulating complications unless rationally analyzed.
Multimorbidity is more than an addition of different diseases. It is a complex net of mutually influencing factors like physical functioning, mental well-being, social relationships and environmental factors. Thereforetherapy of multimorbidity is more sensitive for contextual factors, needs multimodal and multidisciplinary support with attention for the patients’ resources and an increasing need for prevention, therapy, rehabilitation, assistive technologies and social care at the place of residence or nearby [4]
Abnormal Skeletal Growth Patterns in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Get PDFBackground: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) occurs among children during their pubertal growth spurt. Although there is no clear consensus on the difference in body height between AIS and healthy controls, it is generally thought that the development and curve progression in patients with AIS is closely associated with their growth rate.
Our aim is to compare the anthropometric parameters of children with AIS and those of a control group within different age groups ranging from 9 to 16 years old.
Methods: It is a prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study which include 431children, 258 girls, 110 with AIS and 148 healthy controls, whereas in the group of males 173, 49 have AIS and 124 don’t have deformity.
Anthropometric parameters, clinical examination of the trunk and radiological assessment of the spine are records. The statistical analysis is performed using SPSS package.
Children are examined from a school-screening program in our physical medicine department in the university hospital of Douera in Algiers. Measurements are assessed, including anthropometric parameters (body height, body weight, secondary sexual characters using Tanner stage, puberty age), trunk asymmetry and Cobb angle of scoliosis.
Results: Girls with AIS are generally taller, with a higher weight than the healthy controls with a significant difference at the age of 12 years old. Otherwise, boys with AIS aged of 14 years are significantly taller than their controls.
Conclusion: The growth patterns in terms of tallness with AIS are significantly different from healthy controls at the ages of 12 for girls and 14 for boys
Brain Structures Segmentation by using Statistical Models
Get PDFBackground: Automatic segmentation of brain structures is a fundamental step for quantitative analysis of images in many brain’s pathologies such as Alzheimer’s, brain’s tumors or multiple sclerosis. The goal of our work is to implement an automatic brain’s structures segmentation method, to evaluate its use in computer aided diagnosis tools, and to compare their performances.
Methods: The proposed method consists of the segmentation of brain’s structures that uses the active shape models (ASM) and active appearance models (AAM) techniques.
Results: The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of method AAM over the other method ASM.
Conclusion: In this paper, we have evaluated and compared two methods using several comparison criteria, to identify the best one. After several performance measures, we can conclude that the AAM is better than the AS
A review of the use of telemedicine technology in caring for high-risk pregnant women
Get PDFIntroduction: The number of high-risk pregnancy in the country is a lot, and the evidence shows that quality of care is not high for this group of people. Due to the importance of pregnancy care and its effect on the mothers\u27 and newborns\u27 health and the priority of prevention over treatment, serious attention needs to be paid to this group of patients in this field, like other fields of medicine, telemedicine has been used as a tool to improve the quality of care.
Aim: This study aimed to review the applications of telemedicine technology in the care of high-risk pregnant women.
Method: The was a review study which was completed by searching the databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of knowledge and by using keywords like “mhealth", "telehealth”, “high-risk pregnancy”, telemedicine”.
Results: The results showed that in addition to describing different telemedicine technologies in pregnancy care, advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies were discussed in a number of papers. The most important benefits of using telemedicine in high-risk pregnancy included patient satisfaction, quality of care improvement, cost reduction and fast communication between clinical staff. The main challenges of using these technologies included ethical, technical and financial challenges.
Conclusion: Reducing health care costs and improving health care delivery to the pregnant women are among the leading health policies in all countries. Despite numerous challenges in deploying telemedicine technologies, it seems that using this technology is highly acceptable among users and the advantages of using this technology can help to accelerate delivery of health care to the high-risk pregnant women
DETERMINE THE IMPORTANT OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION ITEMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES AND IRAN (APPLICATION REGISTRY)
Get PDFIntroduction:
In many cases a kidney transplant is effective treatment for advanced chronic kidney disease and ESRD patients. There are multiple items to identify candidates for a kidney transplant. So one of the problems, considerable differences in factors, because of the vastness and the variety of factors affecting them.The purpose of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of kidney transplantation items in selected countries and Iran in order to choose the most important items that will be used in iran.
Methods:
The study was carried out in 2015 using a comparative review method in United States, Australia, Croatia and Iran. The countries have the largest number of kidney transplants on their continent in 2014. Items in two categories (Candidate’s items and Donor’s items) was gathered from last version guidelines and execute delphi rounds and focus group(feasibility) to choose the important criteria in 3 iran’s medical centers. Data analyzed by Excel 2015.
Results:
Total items of candidate was twenty that five items, including “duration of dialysis”, “blood type”, “previous transplant history”, “age“ and “HLA” were considered as items affecting transplant in all three countries. Iran just included two items (duration of dialysis and blood type). After Delphi rounds and accessibility study, sexteen items were remain to gathering in iran.
Total items of donor was thirteen that three items, including “blood type”, “age“ and “HLA” were considered as items affecting transplant in all three countries. Iran just included 2 items (hepatit and blood type). After Delphi rounds and feasibility study, 11 items were remain to gathering in Iran.
Croatia that adherence Euro guideline in kidney transplantation had maximum candidate’s items and United states has maximum donors items that involving in kidney transplantation
Conclusion:
Kidney transplantation items determine the amount of readiness kidney transplant candidates and the quality of the kidney donor. In iran this items did not intended to be the comparison candidates and just “duration of dialysis” was criterion. While in America, Europe and Australia the readiness of candidate and the quality of the kidney donor is based on the items scoring and matching.
One of the deleted items as a result of feasibilty study in Iran was the HLA typing test. Due to the long time and high cost, there is no possibility of collecting it.
projected is if Iran involved items in queues waiting for a transplant candidates, they will receive graft survival rate better than before