Unisinos (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos): SEER Unisinos
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“From the generalization where all false ideas come from”: criminals, scientists and the medical/juridical discourse about delinquency and punishment in the transition from the 19th to the 20th century
Get PDFEste artigo aborda alguns dos diferentes aspectos que deram significado às discussões médico/jurídicas no Brasil, no período que corresponde à transição do século XIX para o século XX, momento em que elementos teórico-práticos de um movimento de caráter científico com bases na Escola Positiva de Direito Criminal italiana se contrapõem ao Direito Clássico até então praticado no país. Para tanto, partimos de uma análise cultural que visa identificar no processo de modernização e urbanização por que passou a cidade de Porto Alegre/RS o ambiente propício à difusão da ciência médico-legal que, sob diferentes enfoques, buscou identificar, sistematizar e agir sobre a delinquência e os seus agentes. São utilizadas diferentes fontes, entre elas os processos criminais, conside- rados neste trabalho como sendo o principal local em que se busca a articulação entre práticas discursivas e não discursivas, a fim de constatarmos que, através do processo de institucionalização da ciência criminológica de caráter positivo, foi implementado um amplo esquema de perscrutação sobre o corpo físico e social no espaço urbano.This article addresses some of the different aspects that gave meaning to the medical/ juridical discussions in Brazil, in the period corresponding to the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, the moment when the theoretical-practical elements of a movement with scientific elements based on the Italian Positive School of Criminal Law contrasted with Classical Law that had been practiced until then in the country. For this purpose, we start from a cultural analysis that aims to identify in the process of modernization and urbanization that the city of Porto Alegre, RS went through the favorable environment for the diffusion of the medical-legal science that, under different approaches, sought to identify, systematize, and act upon delinquency and its agents. Different sources are used, among them the criminal cases, considered in this article as the main place in which the articulation between discursive and non-discursive practices is sought, in order to verify that that, through the process of institutionalization of the criminological science of positive character, a wide scheme of scrutiny of the physical and social body in the urban space was implemented
Nas Laranjeiras: a viagem de Krishnamurti e Maritain ao Brasil e os conceitos de território e ritornello (1935-1936)
Get PDFEm 1935 e 1936, duas das maiores figuras do mundo religioso visitaram o Brasil, a Argentina e o Uruguai: o místico hindu Jiddu Krishnamurti, que havia sido apontado pela Sociedade Teosófica como o “Instrutor do Mundo”, mas que abandonara essa organização para divulgar uma mensagem de congraçamento, autoconhecimento e libertação pessoal; e o filósofo Jacques Maritain, o principal advogado no catolicismo do pluralismo religioso, do diálogo com a sociedade, da defesa da liberdade e da democracia. A aproximação entre os dois pensamentos não passou despercebida aos radicais: ambos sofreram ferozes críticas e perseguições por parte dos reacionários e fascistas católicos nos jornais, revistas, e nas ruas das cidades por onde passaram. Ainda hoje o espiritualismo de Krishnamurti e o pensamento maritainiano são apontados como embuste ou heresia por aqueles católicos; porém, as críticas desses grupos, aparentemente hegemônicos no catolicismo, foram combatidas de imediato e as ideias conciliadoras acabaram prevalecendo na década seguinte. Buscando compreender a convergência do pensamento maritainiano com os insumos de Krishnamurti e a aceitação inesperada dessas posições no Brasil, procuramos analisar correspondências, periódicos e outras fontes por meio dos insumos de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, com ênfase nos conceitos de território e ritornello, que procuramos reaproximar das concepções originais desses intelectuais. Entendemos que as passagens de Krishnamurti e Maritain instituíram a fertilização cruzada entre a teosofia e o catolicismo, acarretando, semeando possibilidade de inserção do catolicismo brasileiro no pluralismo, na democracia e na convivência ampla com outras religiões e as diversas ideologias políticas.n 1935 and 1936, two of the greatest figures in the religious world visited Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay: the Hindu mystic Jiddu Krishnamurti, who had been appointed by the Theosophical Society as the “Instructor of the World”, but had abandoned this organization to spread a message of harmony, self-knowledge and personal liberation; and the philosopher Jacques Maritain, the leading Catholic advocate of religious pluralism, dialogue with society, defense of freedom and democracy. The approximation between the two thoughts did not go unnoticed by the radicals: both suffered fierce criticism and persecution by Catholic reactionaries and fascists in newspapers, magazines, and on the streets of the cities they passed through. Even today, Krishnamurti’s spiritualism and Maritainian thought are pointed out as a hoax or heresy by those Catholics. However, the criticisms of these groups, apparently hegemonic in Catholicism, were immediately opposed and the conciliatory ideas ended up prevailing in the following decade. Seeking to understand the convergence of Maritainian thought with Krishnamurti’s inputs and the unexpected acceptance of these positions in Brazil, we sought to analyze correspondence, periodicals and other sources through Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s inputs, with an emphasis on the concepts of territory and ritornello, which we sought to relate to the original conceptions of these intellectuals. We understand that the passages by Krishnamurti and Maritain established the cross-fertilization between Theosophy and Catholicism, resulting in the possibility of inserting Brazilian Catholicism into pluralism, democracy and broad coexistence with other religions and various political ideologies
Heterogeneidad de diagnósticos y diagnósticos de la heterogeneidad. La infancia débil en el sistema educativo argentino, 1900-1910
Get PDFThis article analyses the process of constructing meanings around the notions of diagnosis and disability in the context of the Argentinean educational system in the first decade of the twentieth century. To do so, it examines a periodical publication, El Monitor de la Educación Común, the official organ of the National Education Council. It reconstructs the passage from the awakening of a certain sensitivity for childhood at the beginning of the century to the feverish search for diagnoses and classifications of weak children in the last years of that decade. It is characterized as a process plagued by doubts and hesitations aimed at detecting problems associated with children’s heterogeneity in order to transform the functioning of the system and achieve its objectives of covering the whole of society.El artículo analiza el proceso de construcción de sentidos en torno a las no- ciones de diagnóstico y discapacidad en el marco del sistema educativo argentino en la primera década del siglo XX. Para ello indaga en una publicación periódica, El Monitor de la Educación Común, órgano oficial del Consejo Nacional de Educación. Allí reconstruye el pasaje del despertar de cierta sensibilidad por la infancia a principios de siglo a la febril búsqueda de diagnósticos y clasificaciones de la infancia débil en los últimos años de esa década. Lo caracteriza como un proceso plagado de dudas y vacilaciones orientado a detectar problemas asociados a la heterogeneidad infantil para transformar el funcio- namiento del sistema y lograr cumplir con sus objetivos de abarcar al conjunto social
Practitioners of Heterogeneity: Social medical diagnosis in América Indígena, 1940-1961
Get PDFEsta contribución se propone averiguar y discutir las características de la expertise indigenista en el ámbito médico, acudiendo a los temas y a los debates que aparecieron en las páginas de América Indígena, órgano oficial del Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. El enfoque indigenista defendía la necesidad de conocimientos especiales para poder apreciar la “condición cultural” de los indígenas, diagnosticar adecuadamente su situación sanitaria y diseñar campañas médicas. Analizando los diagnósticos médico-sociales que circularon y se debatieron en la revista, reconstruyo cómo se va configurando la figura del experto indigenista y, al mismo tiempo, la de los sujetos indígenas, imprescindibles, ambos, para delimitar y legitimar el ámbito indigenista. Dos figuras que no necesariamente permanecieron separadas y que incluso podían superponerse, cuando se reconocía el poder de diagnosticar.This contribution aims to find out and discuss the characteristics of indigenista expertise in the medical field, referring to the issues and debates that appeared in the pages of América Indígena, the official organ of the Inter-American Indian Institute (Instituto Indigenista Interamericano). The indigenista approach advocated the need for special knowledge to be able to appreciate the “cultural condition” of the indigenous people, adequately diagnose their health situation, and design medical campaigns. By examining the medical-social diagnoses that circulated and were debated in the journal, the figure of the indigenista expert and that of the indigenous subjects are revealed. Both essential to delimit and legitimize the indigenista field, these two figures did not necessarily remain separate and could even overlap, when the power to diagnose was recognized
Não conhece o coração:: uma leitura Cavelliana dos Sonetos de William Shakespeare
Get PDFEnquanto muitos autores interpretaram o ceticismo como um desafio filosófico e científico genuíno, como por exemplo Descartes, Stanley Cavell entende-o como um problema existencial com consequências éticas. Duvidar do mundo ou da existência de outras mentes não seria uma tese puramente filosófica, mas envolveria uma posição diante de nossa vida. Tal interpretação se funda em como Cavell lê a filosofia moderna e a ruptura da mesma com modelos anteriores de pensamento. Expandindo esse diagnóstico, Cavell vê em Shakespeare uma manifestação dos limites do conhecimento e dos problemas morais que adentramos ao lidar com o ceticismo. Enquanto tal análise se deu principalmente nas peças do Bardo, o presente texto tenta o fazer em seus Sonetos.While many authors have interpreted skepticism as a genuine philosophical and scientific challenge, such as Descartes, Stanley Cavell understands it as an existential problem with ethical consequences. Doubting the world or the existence of other minds would not be a purely philosophical thesis, but would involve a position on our life. Such an interpretation is based on how Cavell reads modern philosophy and its rupture with previous models of thinking. Expanding on this diagnosis, Cavell sees in Shakespeare a manifestation of the limits of knowledge and the moral problems that we enter when dealing with skepticism. While such an analysis took place mainly in the Bard's plays, the present text tries to do so in his Sonnets.Enquanto muitos autores interpretaram o ceticismo como um desafio filosófico e científico genuíno, como por exemplo Descartes, Stanley Cavell entende-o como um problema existencial com consequências éticas. Duvidar do mundo ou da existência de outras mentes não seria uma tese puramente filosófica, mas envolveria uma posição diante de nossa vida. Tal interpretação se funda em como Cavell lê a filosofia moderna e a ruptura da mesma com modelos anteriores de pensamento. Expandindo esse diagnóstico, Cavell vê em Shakespeare uma manifestação dos limites do conhecimento e dos problemas morais que adentramos ao lidar com o ceticismo. Enquanto tal análise se deu principalmente nas peças do Bardo, o presente texto tenta o fazer em seus Sonetos
Cybersecurity, privacy, and health data protection in the digital strategy of the European Union
Get PDFContemporary societies increasingly rely on the opportunities created by technologies that make possible the production, collection, processing, and reuse of huge datasets to obtain inferences that can be used in the most disparate fields. Among these, healthcare stands out in importance since in medical practice a considerable series of personal information is exchanged and shared. The protection needs of the individual sphere in the healthcare sector acquire a specific scope with reference to the use of information and communication technologies, which allow patients and healthcare professionals to communicate, or the latter among them, in view of the achievement of a series of goals that pertain to the diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, rehabilitation and treatment of an increasingly large number of diseases. In such a context, this works aims at proving a synthetic overview on the whole architecture adopted by the European Union in the field of cybersecurity, privacy, and health data protection, which appears fundamental for guaranteeing the fundamental rights of European citizens but also to deal with the challenges posed by the digital transition of contemporary societies
A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS PROCEDIMENTOS CONTÁBEIS PATRIMONIAIS E A TRANSPARÊNCIA FISCAL
Get PDFThis research is dedicated to assessing the influence of the adoption of the Plan for the Implementation of Equity Accounting Procedures - PIPCP on the tax transparency index of Brazilian states. The descriptive, documentary, quantitative research has a sample composed of data from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District, analyzed in the period between 2014 to 2019. To measure the relationship, a Pearson univariate correlation was applied, through regression analysis tobit. The findings contribute as a basis for social control and for managers, professionals in the public area and the Courts of Auditors, when they demonstrate that accounting is showing reliable and comparative information, reinforcing the benefits of fiscal transparency. As a result, the evidence pointed to a positive relationship between the levels of Implementation of PIPCP in the Brazilian states and the level of fiscal transparency, suggesting that the modernization of Accounting in the public sector tends to issue up-to-date and quality financial information.Esta pesquisa dedica-se a avaliar a influência da adoção do plano de Implementação dos Procedimentos Contábeis Patrimoniais - PIPCP sobre o índice fiscal dos estados brasileiros. A pesquisa descritiva, documental, quantitativa, tem amostra por dados oriundos dos 26 estados brasileiros e o Distrito Federal, importação no período entre 2014 a 2019. Para mensurar a relação, aplicou-se uma correlação univariada Pearson , por meio da análise de regressão tobit. Os achados contribuem como base para o controle social e para gestores, profissionais da área pública e Tribunais de Contas, quando demonstram que a contabilidade está evidenciando as informações solicitadas e comparativas, reforçando os benefícios da transparência fiscal.Como resultado, as evidências apontaram uma relação positiva entre os níveis de Implementação do PIPCP dos estados brasileiros e o nível de transparência fiscal, sugerindo que a modernização da Contabilidade no setor público tende a emitir informações financeiras atualizadas e de qualidade
Comparative analysis of the approach to first language oracy of Polish and Portuguese early education teachers
Get PDFOracy, crucial for individuals to communicate, think, and learn, can be developed through schooling. Our study aimed to compare Polish and Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of oracy. Based on a literature review, a self-report survey was developed for the study. It comprised questions about: 1. the demographic information, 2. the practices in the classrooms, 3. teachers’ views and attitudes about oracy. 253 (62.00%) Portuguese and 157 (38.00%) Polish elementary school teachers participated. Our main results indicate that Polish and Portuguese teachers declared that they valued oracy, and devoted time during their lessons to promote and support its development in their students. However, the Portuguese teachers, as compared with the Polish teachers, focused more on discussions and debates among students, and allowed them more autonomy in their classrooms. They also appreciated more the importance of oracy for human development, including reasoning and literacy learning.
Keywords: Oracy; Mandatory Education; Polish; Portuguese; Teachers.Oracy, crucial for individuals to communicate, think, and learn, can be developed through schooling. Our study aimed to compare Polish and Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of oracy. Based on a literature review, a self-report survey was developed for the study. It comprised questions about: 1. the demographic information, 2. the practices in the classrooms, 3. teachers’ views and attitudes about oracy. 253 (62.00%) Portuguese and 157 (38.00%) Polish elementary school teachers participated. Our main results indicate that Polish and Portuguese teachers declared that they valued oracy, and devoted time during their lessons to promote and support its development in their students. However, the Portuguese teachers, as compared with the Polish teachers, focused more on discussions and debates among students, and allowed them more autonomy in their classrooms. They also appreciated more the importance of oracy for human development, including reasoning and literacy learning.
Keywords: Oracy; Mandatory Education; Polish; Portuguese; Teachers