South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH - Universität Bielefeld)
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Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among College Students in Thrissur, Kerala: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkPurpose: The study on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) prevalence among college students in Thrissur, Kerala, is crucial for early diagnosis and targeted therapies, as the condition can cause severe long-term health issues like infertility and metabolic syndrome.Methodology: A study in Kerala aimed to identify clinical features and lifestyle factors contributing to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) among 1,250 college students aged 18-21. The study stratified participants into risk categories based on Hirsutism and Risk Assessment scores. 10% of high-risk participants underwent ultrasound scanning for further ovarian health assessment.Findings: The study found that 25.2% of participants had risk factors for PCOS, with 49 high-risk individuals. The predominantly Hindu population was predominantly underweight, with 30.32% underweight. Low risk individuals were 61.12% and 60.56% had low hirsutism scores. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive screening and targeted interventions to improve health outcomes for young women.Originality: This study focuses on college students in Thrissur, Kerala, who are vulnerable to lifestyle changes linked to academic pressures, potentially increasing the risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). It uses hirsutism, risk assessment tools, and ultrasound imaging to understand PCOS prevalence and associated factors.
Aeropalynological survey of airborne pollen grains at different sites in Rohtak city
Full text linkOver 20–30% of people worldwide are known to have one or more allergy conditions, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The main culprits are dust mites, pollen grains, fungal spores, insect waste and various plant fragments and food items. To effectively diagnose and treat allergy illnesses, a thorough understanding of the seasonal variations in various bioparticulates in the atmosphere is necessary. An aerobiological investigation for airborne pollen grains was carried out for a year (March 2023- Feb 2024) at human height in order to determine the aerial concentration at four distinct locations inside the city of Rohtak. To sample the air, a Burkard Personal Volumetric Sampler for slide exposures was utilised. A total 34 different species of pollen have been identified with simultaneous slide exposure. The largest contributors to the thirty-four pollen types that were recorded include Poaceae, Cannabis, Morus, Parthenium, Chenopod/Amaranth, Artemisia, Myrtaceae and Achyranthes. Pollen grains were observed throughout the year at low frequencies, although two main pollen seasons were noted (March–April and July–October). There were variations among the sites as well, with the sites with lush vegetation surrounding them exhibiting higher pollen loads. The project will give local allergologists preliminary but useful data to assist diagnose and treat respiratory allergy diseases effectively
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE SIMPLIFIED REID’S COLPOSCOPIC INDEX AND THE SWEDE SCORE IN EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA
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ABSTRACT:
Objective: The comparative study between the simplified reid’s colposcopic index (Simplified RCI) and the swede score in early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and correlation of the findings with the histopathology reports.
Methods: In the present prospective study, 6390 women were screened by pap and VIA. Cytology and/or VIA positive women were taken for colposcopy. Colposcopic findings of 147 women were scored by Simplified RCI and Swede score; and compared. Reports and findings were correlated with histopathology reports. Data was compiled and exported in SPSS V20 for Windows for statistical analysis.
Results: In this study, at cutoff of 3 for Simplified RCI sensitivity 100%, specificity 69.70%, PPV 80.40%, and NPV 100% with accuracy of 86.49% were calculated. At cutoff of 4 for Swede score sensitivity 97.60%, specificity 60.60%, PPV 75.50%, and NPV 95.20% with accuracy of 81.08% were calculated. Simplified RCI and Swede score had good correlation with the correlation coefficient (r) 0.983; P<0.0001. AUC of ROC of both tests showed excellent performance with 0.937 for Simplified RCI and 0.936 for Swede score.
Conclusions: Simplified RCI was easier to document and to recall, which makes follow up easier. Simplified RCI scoring system is based on lesion findings of each quadrant separately, so severity of lesion not affected by size
Indications and surgical management for movement disorders
Full text linkBackground: Movement disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of neurological conditions affecting motor control. These disorders are broadly classified into hypokinetic (e.g., Parkinson’s disease [PD]) and hyperkinetic (e.g., dystonia, essential tremor). While pharmacological treatment remains the mainstay, stereotactic neurosurgical procedures, including lesioning techniques such as thalamotomy and pallidotomy, offer an effective alternative for medically refractory cases. Despite the high success rate of deep brain stimulation (DBS), financial constraints in developing countries necessitate more cost-effective approaches like lesioning procedures. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of lesioning procedures in patients with movement disorders, specifically Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. The study also sought to establish a standardized protocol for surgical management, considering economic constraints, and to enhance collaboration between neurology and neurosurgery departments for optimal patient care.Patients and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted at Cairo University Hospitals from May 2022 to February 2023, enrolling 21 patients diagnosed with movement disorders. Patients underwent stereotactic lesioning procedures, including thalamotomy and pallidotomy, based on clinical symptomatology. Preoperative and postoperative assessments utilized standardized scoring systems such as the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), TETRAS (essential tremor rating scale), and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with significance set at P < 0.05.Results: Among the 21 patients, 16 had Parkinson’s disease, 3 had essential tremors, and 2 had dystonia. Postoperative assessments showed significant improvement across all groups. In Parkinson’s disease patients, UPDRS III scores improved by 46.3% in the off-medication state and 57.7% in the on-medication state (P < 0.001). Tremors decreased by 60% in the off state and 75% in the on state. Essential tremor patients exhibited a 41.5% improvement in TETRAS scores (P = 0.011), while dystonia patients showed a 41.5% improvement in UDRS scores (P = 0.033). Mild dysarthria was reported in 18.75% of Parkinson’s patients, with one case of postoperative subdural hematoma.Conclusion: We conclude that lesioning procedure should be revisited globally using the modern techniques of targeting and controlled thermal lesion protocols guided by capsular somatotopy and intraoperative EMG monitoring, that will improve the outcome dramaticall
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Early Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases
Full text linkIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis is crucial for better patient outcomes and effective care. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable method in cardiology that enhances risk assessment and diagnostic accuracy..Objectives: This study compares the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI-assisted diagnostics with conventional techniques in order to assess the usefulness of AI in the early diagnosis of CVDs.Materials and Methods: From January to June 2024, an observational study was carried out at NICVD Karachi Pakistan. 500 patients\u27 ECG and echocardiogram data were examined using AI algorithms, and the results were compared to evaluations made by cardiologists.Results: AI performed better than conventional diagnostic techniques, showing increased sensitivity (94.2%) and specificity (91.5%). 20.8% of preclinical anomalies were successfully identified by AI, resulting in earlier actions..Conclusion: Early CVD detection is much improved by AI, which also increases diagnostic accuracy. For wider clinical adoption, data bias, ethical issues, and implementation hurdles must be addressed
Enhancing Healthy Lifestyle through Mealtime Independence for the Elderly
Full text linkHealth for the elderly is a paramount concern in our rapidly ageing society, where individuals often grapple with physical challenges that impede their independence. This study explores the vital role of ergonomically designed assistive cutlery in enhancing the quality of life for seniors with upper limb impairments. Through a comprehensive survey involving 78 elderly with various upper limb impairments in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, we examined their experiences and the inadequacies of the present assistive cutleries, which often fail to provide the necessary comfort and autonomy during meals. The findings indicate that many elderly individuals struggle with grip strength and functionality, leading to feelings of frustration and dependency. In addition, a systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines, screening 469 publications and identifying 32 relevant studies. This effort resulted in proposing enhanced ergonomic design guidelines from various databases in recent years, compiling them into a single comprehensive set. Moreover, the mealtime experience is essential for ensuring that older adults receive adequate nutritional intake. By identifying specific design requirements based on user feedback and prioritizing functionality alongside aesthetics, this resource aims to assist health professionals, designers, and policymakers in emphasizing the importance of tailored ergonomic solutions that cater to the diverse needs of elderly individuals with upper limb impairments, ensuring that assistive devices can effectively contribute to public health outcomes and the sustainable development of healthcare systems for ageing population
Synergistic Spectrophotometric strategies for precise Sartans quantification in Pharmaceuticals: Unifying UV Derivative and AUC approaches with solvent consistency
Full text linkThis study aims to develop and validate a Ultra violet spectroscopic analytical method for accurately measuring Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLM), Telmisartan (TEL), and Valsartan (VAL), three common antihypertensive drugs. These medications block angiotensin II at the AT1 receptor, reducing blood pressure through vasodilation and decreased water retention. UV spectrophotometry offers a simple and cost-effective approach for drug quantification. The objective is to establish specific wavelengths for each drug and evaluate derivative and AUC techniques for precise measurement. A diluent of 0.1N sodium hydroxide and distilled water (3:7) was used, yielding wavelengths of 248 nm for OLM, 295 nm for TEL, and 250 nm for VAL in zero-order analysis. First-order derivative peaks were identified at 264 nm, 284 nm, and 267 nm, while second-order derivatives showed 252 nm, 241 nm, and 239 nm for OLM, TEL, and VAL, respectively. AUC analysis further refined ranges for each compound. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and detection limits using this solvent system. Results demonstrated that the UV spectrophotometric method was effective for the precise quantification of OLM, TEL, and VAL. The common solvent system ensured efficiency in routine quality control. In pharmaceutical settings, this approach offers a dependable, rapid, and economical technique for monitoring these drugs
6-dimensional structure as determinants of Psychological Well-being Among Hotel Personnel in Southern Thailand: Implications for Workplace Health Promotion
Full text linkInterest in workplace mental well-being has grown significantly since the mid-20th century, particularly concerning how job satisfaction influences employee performance. Ryff’s (1989) model of psychological well-being, which comprises six dimensions (Self-acceptance, Personal Growth, Purpose in Life, Environmental Mastery, Autonomy, and Positive Relations with Others), serves as a foundational framework for understanding well-being in work settings.
This study examines how these six dimensions affect psychological well-being in the workplace among hotel personnel in Songkhla Province, Thailand. Using a quantitative research design, this study employs statistical analyses, including regression and path analysis, to assess relationships between variables. Findings offer insights into enhancing employee well-being, with recommendations tailored for the hospitality industry in Thailan
Effect of Inpatient Physiotherapy Reconditioning Program on Pain, Functional Mobility and Spinal Muscle Performance in Prolonged Bedridden Patients : A Comparative Study
Full text linkBackground: Immobilization for prolonged duration can cause severe complications. The study evaluates the impact of reconditioning program on pain levels, functional mobility and spinal muscle performance in prolonged bedridden patients.Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a reconditioning program on pain, functional mobility and spinal muscle performance in patients with immobilization for long time.Methods: The study included one hundred and six participants of 35-55 age group with lower limb injuries, such as fractures of the femur, tibia, and fibula. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a conventional treatment group (Group A) or an experimental exercise program group (Group B). Both groups underwent treatment for four weeks, and data analysis utilized a paired t-test for within group analysis and unpaired t-test for between group analysis.Results: Both groups A and B showed significant difference in all the three outcome measures but group B showed extremely significant improvement (<0.0001) in the outcome measures taken i.e. pain, lumbar strength by manual muscle testing, functional mobility by Functional Independence Measure Scale than group A. Conclusion: Both conventional and experimental reconditioning programs effectively enhanced muscle strength, functional mobility and reduced pain levels in prolonged bedridden patients. However, the experimental group (Group B) showed a more pronounced impact on pain reduction and improvement in lumbar flexor, rotator and extensor muscle strength, functional mobility compared to the conventional treatment group (Group A)
Efficiency and oxygen permeability of Gadolinium doped Ceria for oxygen separation mechanism
Full text linkOur study investigates Gadolinium-doped ceria (Ce0.90Gd0.10O1.95), a material extensively studied as a catalyst support and oxide-based ionic conductor in electrochemical devices. Fine powders were prepared for large-scale ceramics, achieving a green density of 50% and sintering density of 92% at 1200°C, significantly lower than prior temperatures. Impedance spectra analysis showed increased resistance at grain boundaries due to fine grain size, no longer observed above 600°C. Recent advances in ceramic membranes for oxygen separation highlight its distinct pathway from traditional methods, offering cost-effective synthesis of pure oxygen. Conductivity was temperature-dependent with distinct patterns. Activation energies for grain-boundary dissociation and complex dissociation were 1.2 eV and 0.1 eV, respectively, unaffected by grain boundary size. Further it highlights recent advancements in ceramic membranes for oxygen separation at elevated temperatures, addressing challenges in selectivity and efficiency. The presence of distortions or oxygen vacancies enhances its industrial value, offering exceptional oxygen storage properties and enabling efficient production through thermal swing processes with medium to low-temperature industrial waste heat. This research emphasizes Ce0.90Gd0.10O1.95 industrial value due to distortions and oxygen vacancies, facilitating efficient oxygen production from air via thermal swing processes with medium to low-temperature industrial waste hea