IMPACTVM (Coimbra University Press Journals)
Not a member yet
9371 research outputs found
Sort by
Contemporary Politikoi [Statesmen] and Other Sophists in Plato’s Political Dialogues
Get PDFThis paper argues that Plato in the Statesman consistently rejects all existing forms of constitution, separating off one, “the knowledgeable constitution,” from any other sort of rule, whether by a single individual, by a few, or by the many, and whether rule and the offices into which it is organized are or are not governed by effective checks and balances - a division that gives us kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, and two different types of democracy. All existing “statesmen” are written off without exception as “sophists” and “experts in faction,” and the quality of the laws of any existing constitution is declared to be at best sub judice insofar as they have all been formulated in the absence of the relevant political expertise. The paper goes on to consider these outcomes further, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Laws.This paper argues that Plato in the Statesman consistently rejects all existing forms of constitution, separating off one, “the knowledgeable constitution,” from any other sort of rule, whether by a single individual, by a few, or by the many, and whether rule and the offices into which it is organized are or are not governed by effective checks and balances - a division that gives us kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, and two different types of democracy. All existing “statesmen” are written off without exception as “sophists” and “experts in faction,” and the quality of the laws of any existing constitution is declared to be at best sub judice insofar as they have all been formulated in the absence of the relevant political expertise. The paper goes on to consider these outcomes further, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Laws.This paper argues that Plato in the Statesman consistently rejects all existing forms of constitution, separating off one, “the knowledgeable constitution,” from any other sort of rule, whether by a single individual, by a few, or by the many, and whether rule and the offices into which it is organized are or are not governed by effective checks and balances - a division that gives us kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, and two different types of democracy. All existing “statesmen” are written off without exception as “sophists” and “experts in faction,” and the quality of the laws of any existing constitution is declared to be at best sub judice insofar as they have all been formulated in the absence of the relevant political expertise. The paper goes on to consider these outcomes further, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Laws.This paper argues that Plato in the Statesman consistently rejects all existing forms of constitution, separating off one, “the knowledgeable constitution,” from any other sort of rule, whether by a single individual, by a few, or by the many, and whether rule and the offices into which it is organized are or are not governed by effective checks and balances - a division that gives us kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, and two different types of democracy. All existing “statesmen” are written off without exception as “sophists” and “experts in faction,” and the quality of the laws of any existing constitution is declared to be at best sub judice insofar as they have all been formulated in the absence of the relevant political expertise. The paper goes on to consider these outcomes further, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Laws.This paper argues that Plato in the Statesman consistently rejects all existing forms of constitution, separating off one, “the knowledgeable constitution,” from any other sort of rule, whether by a single individual, by a few, or by the many, and whether rule and the offices into which it is organized are or are not governed by effective checks and balances - a division that gives us kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, and two different types of democracy. All existing “statesmen” are written off without exception as “sophists” and “experts in faction,” and the quality of the laws of any existing constitution is declared to be at best sub judice insofar as they have all been formulated in the absence of the relevant political expertise. The paper goes on to consider these outcomes further, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Laws.This paper argues that Plato in the Statesman consistently rejects all existing forms of constitution, separating off one, “the knowledgeable constitution,” from any other sort of rule, whether by a single individual, by a few, or by the many, and whether rule and the offices into which it is organized are or are not governed by effective checks and balances - a division that gives us kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, and two different types of democracy. All existing “statesmen” are written off without exception as “sophists” and “experts in faction,” and the quality of the laws of any existing constitution is declared to be at best sub judice insofar as they have all been formulated in the absence of the relevant political expertise. The paper goes on to consider these outcomes further, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Laws
Celebrado, desenhado e cortado: o ideograma romano do pão (parte 2)
No full textThe common, round, and quartered loaf of wheat-bread was produced and eaten by all echelons of Roman society. The fundamentality of this segmented loaf to the daily life, industry, and economy of Rome, imbued it with ideogrammic qualities of social balance and stability which have yet to be explored. Part 1 of this paper introduced the development of bread in Roman diets, before an in-depth analysis of its metaphoric characteristics in ancient writing genres. Part 2 investigates how these themes translate visually into the archaeological record, exploring the emblematic use of bread on tombs, altars, frescos, and mosaics throughout the Empire. This two-part paper aims to highlight the allegorical nature of bread beyond dietetics.O pão comum, redondo e segmentado em fatias, era produzido e consumido por todas as classes sociais romanas. A sua relevância no quotidiano, na indústria e na economia de Roma confere-lhe atributos ideogramáticos, cujo equilíbrio e estabilidade social já foram analisados na primeira parte deste artigo. Com efeito, aí procurou introduzir-se o tema do uso do pão nas dietas romanas, acompanhando-o de uma análise meticulosa dos traços metafóricos que assume em vários géneros literários cultivados na Antiguidade.Na segunda parte que agora se publica, investiga-se a forma através da qual estes temas adquirem expressão visual, analisando, para tal, o uso emblemático do pão em túmulos, altares, frescos e mosaicos durante o Império. Com efeito, pretende ressaltar-se a natureza alegórica deste alimento, para além da conhecida dimensão dietética
[Recensão a] MORAIS, Rui & AREZES, Andreia, Minoicos: os guardiões da primeira civilização europeia, Coimbra, Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2019. 113 pp. ISBN 978-989-26-1817-3
No full text“Arquivos, documentos e informação: termos, conceitos e relações entre culturas linguísticas” de Geoffrey Yeo: um comentário
Get PDFThis article examines the evolving and complex relationships between core concepts in Archival and Information Sciences, as analyzed by Geoffrey Yeo in his paper, “Archives, Records, and Information: Terms, Concepts, and Relationships across Linguistic Cultures”. Yeo underscores the need for a historical and cross-cultural examination of terms such as archives and records to reveal conceptual nuances shaped by linguistic and cultural contexts. Highlighting his recent works, “Record-Making and Record-Keeping in Early Societies” (2021) and “Records, Information and Data: Exploring the Role of Record-Keeping in an Information Culture” (2018), the paper addresses challenges in mapping these terms across languages, emphasizing the gradual expansion of archival terminology and practices. Yeo’s approach sheds light on divergent interpretations across regions, advocating for more inclusive views that incorporate local archival traditions. In discussing the evolution of archives and records, he critiques modern Western influences, encouraging deeper consideration of non-Western perspectives. Moreover, the analysis of records as a distinct entity from documents raises questions about the ontological boundaries within archival studies, particularly in English-speaking traditions, as contrasted with Romance languages. This article also connects archival terminology with broader scientific discourses, specifically with Hispano-Lusophone vocabulary, reflecting on how contemporary shifts towards information governance, data management, and artificial intelligence are reshaping archival practices. Through this lens, Yeo calls for nuanced understandings of records and information to maintain their epistemic significance, especially amidst evolving digital environments. In this light, the paper provides a vital contribution to the field, encouraging ongoing dialogue about how cultural, linguistic, and technological factors inform archival science.Este artigo analisa as relações complexas e em evolução entre conceitos centrais da Arquivística e da Ciência da Informação, conforme estudado por Geoffrey Yeo no seu artigo “Archives, Records, and Information: Terms, Concepts, and Relationships across Linguistic Cultures”. Yeo sublinha a necessidade de uma análise histórica e intercultural de termos como arquivos e documentos para revelar as nuances conceptuais moldadas pelos contextos linguísticos e culturais. Destacando os seus trabalhos mais recentes, “Record-Making and Record-Keeping in Early Societies” (2021) e “Records, Information and Data: Exploring the Role of Record-Keeping in an Information Culture” (2018), o artigo aborda os desafios no mapeamento destes termos entre diferentes idiomas, enfatizando a expansão gradual da terminologia e das práticas arquivísticas. A abordagem de Yeo lança luz sobre as interpretações divergentes entre regiões e comunidades, defendendo uma visão mais inclusiva que incorpore as tradições arquivísticas locais. Ao discutir a evolução de arquivos e documentos, Yeo analisa as influências modernas do Ocidente, incentivando uma consideração mais profunda em torno de perspetivas não ocidentais. Para além disso, o conceito de records, enquanto conceito distinto de documentos, levanta questões sobre os limites ontológicos dentro dos estudos arquivísticos, especialmente nas tradições de língua inglesa, em contraste com as línguas românicas. Este artigo também relaciona a terminologia arquivística com discursos científicos mais amplos, especificamente com o vocabulário hispano-lusófono, refletindo sobre como as mudanças contemporâneas nas áreas de governança da informação, gestão de dados e inteligência artificial estão a transformar as práticas arquivísticas. Sob esta perspetiva, Yeo apela a uma compreensão mais detalhada de documentos e informação para manter a sua relevância epistemológica, especialmente face aos ambientes tecnológicos em evolução. Neste contexto, o artigo constitui uma contribuição vital para o campo, incentivando o diálogo contínuo sobre como fatores culturais, linguísticos e tecnológicos influenciam a Arquivística
Alegorías del eterno retorno en la teología etimológica de Cleantes y su interacción con el orfismo
No full textThe aim of this paper is to review many ancient sources according to which Cleanthes recreates the motif of everlasting recurrence, key in Stoic cosmology, through etymological operations performed on the theonym of Apollo, Persephone, and Dionysus, so that thanks to this maneuver the philosopher produces an allegory of solar and agricultural cycles that, of course, respond to the Stoic physical formulations. To carry out this analysis, I will track and contrast different sources in order to validate the influence that Orphism had over Cleanthes —and over other Stoics such as Cornutus— in three aspects common to both lines of thought: the use of etymology to produce theological allegoresis, the notion of a cyclical nature deity which explains the journey of the sun or the seasons, and the idea of cosmic destruction and regeneration from divine numina (principle and end, life and death).El objetivo de este artículo consiste en revisar varias fuentes antiguas según las cuales Cleantes recrea el motivo del eterno retorno, clave en la cosmología estoica, a través de operaciones etimológicas ejecutadas sobre el teónimo de Apolo, Perséfone y Dioniso, de manera que gracias a esta maniobra el filósofo produce una alegoría de ciclos solares y agrícolas que, por supuesto, responden a las formulaciones físicas del estoicismo.
Para llevar a cabo este análisis, rastrearé y contrastaré distintas fuentes a fin de validar la influencia que tuvo el orfismo en Cleantes —y en otros estoicos como Cornuto— en tres aspectos comunes a ambas líneas de pensamiento: el uso de la etimología para generar una alegoría teológica, la noción de una deidad de naturaleza cíclica con la cual se explica el recorrido del sol o de las estaciones, y la idea de una destrucción y regeneración cósmica a partir de los númenes divinos (principio y fin, vida y muerte)
El templo de Salomón como tópico literario en la poesía edilicia cristiana
No full textThis work studies the Latin Christian poetry of Late Antiquity (4th-6th centuries) on the construction of monuments that is transmitted in anonymous inscriptions and in the works of authors from the Roman West, namely Paulinus of Nola, Prudentius, Sidonius Apollinaris and Venantius Fortunatus. The pooling of testimonies has led us to describe the different motifs that make up a new Christian creation topic that develops from the biblical image of Solomon's temple. This metaphor describes the beauty of the new churches, while at the same time expressing an allegory of spirituality.Este trabajo estudia la poesía latina cristiana de la Antigüedad tardía (ss. IV-VI) sobre construcción de monumentos que se transmite en inscripciones anónimas y en las obras de autores del Occidente romano, concretamente de Paulino de Nola, Prudencio, Sidonio Apolinar y Venancio Fortunato. La puesta en común de los testimonios nos ha llevado a describir los distintos motivos que componen un nuevo tópico de creación cristiana que se desarrolla a partir de la imagen bíblica del templo de Salomón. Esta metáfora describe la belleza de las nuevas iglesias, al mismo tiempo que manifiesta una alegoría de espiritualidad.Este trabajo estudia la poesía latina cristiana de la Antigüedad tardía (ss. IV-VI) sobre construcción de monumentos que se transmite en inscripciones anónimas y en las obras de autores del Occidente romano, concretamente de Paulino de Nola, Prudencio, Sidonio Apolinar y Venancio Fortunato. La puesta en común de los testimonios nos ha llevado a describir los distintos motivos que componen un nuevo tópico de creación cristiana que se desarrolla a partir de la imagen bíblica del templo de Salomón. Esta metáfora describe la belleza de las nuevas iglesias, al mismo tiempo que manifiesta una alegoría de espiritualidad
Arquivos da Terra: para uma historiografia do conceito de escavação entre o Antiquarismo e o início da Arqueologia em Portugal (séc. XVIII-XIX)
No full textThis paper seeks to discuss the evolution of the act of excavation for the recovery of the Past between the 18th and the 19th century and its impact on the transition between antiquarianism and archaeology in Portugal. By conceptualizing long-term excavation and through case studies of excavations from both centuries, carried out by antiquarists, societies, naturalists and archaeologists, we intend to analyze points of contact between objectives, techniques and methods, as well as the role that the recovered materialities have both for the constitution of cabinets, for the eighteenth-century panorama and the beginning of the establishment of collections for Museums, already at the turn of a new century.Este artigo procura dissertar sobre a evolução do ato de escavar para uma recuperação do Passado entre o século XVIII e XIX e o seu impacto para a transição entre o Antiquarismo e a Arqueologia no território português. Pela conceptualização da escavação em longa duração e através de casos de estudo de escavações de ambos os séculos, realizadas por antiquaristas, sociedades, naturalistas e arqueólogos, pretendemos analisar pontos de contacto entre objectivos, técnicas e métodos, assim como o papel que as materialidades recuperadas possuem quer para a constituição de Gabinetes, para o panorama oitocentista e o início do estabelecimento de coleções para Museus, já na viragem de um novo século
[Recensão a] Mederos Martín, A; Maier Allende, J. Jiménez Ávila, J. (2023) – La necrópolis orientalizante de la Cruz del Negro (Carmona, Sevilla). Los trabajos de Jorge Bonsor (1896-1911). Spal Monografías Arqueología L, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla
No full textFinalité de la raison et destination historique et juridique de l’humanité chez Suárez (1548˗1617) et Leibniz (1646−1716)
No full textFor both Suarez (1548-1617) and Leibniz (1646‑1716), politics and science cannot escape questioning the finality of the use of reason. From their point of view, the unity of humankind within the teleological system of nature is seen as a species for which Providence has devised a specific plan. From a historical and theological perspective, humanity’s destination, which goes beyond nature’s own work, corresponds to the promotion of reason’s finality. Thus, for our two authors, the thesis of the specific unity of humanity and the rights associated with it mediates the question of the raison d’être of reason (whether through politics, science or law), i.e. the finality of the very presence of reason in a finite being.Tant pour Suárez (1548-1617) et Leibniz (1646-1716), la politique et la science ne sauraient échapper à l’interrogation sur la finalité de l’usage de la raison. Leur point de vue fait apparaître l’unité du genre humain dans le système téléologique de la nature comme une espèce pour laquelle la Providence a élaboré un projet spécifique. Selon la perspective historique et théologique, la destination de l’humanité qui excède l’oeuvre propre de la nature correspond à la promotion de la finalité de la raison. Ainsi, pour nos deux auteurs, par la médiation de la thèse de l’unité spécifique de l’humanité et des droits qui s’y rattachent, est posée la question de la raison d’être de la raison (que ce soit par la politique, la science ou le droit), c’est‑à‑dire de la finalité de la présence même de la raison dans un être fini
