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No palco das representações: o romance dramático e cinematográfico de O Delfim
No full textWanting to explore the materiality of the literary text, seeing it as a body to be traversed, this study intends to read in O Delfim, a novel by Portuguese author José Cardoso Pires, published in 1968, some of his narrative strategies that dialogue with the theatrical genre and discourse cinematic. The study seeks to interpret the narrator's stylistic choices of a narrator ethically committed to the human and to the art of revolutionary tradition, and also engaged with the permanent revolution of literary language. This article studies how strategic choices for textual materiality are directly related to its message. The analysis focuses on the relationships between the narrative and dramatic genres, as devices for a memorialistic and at the same time metafictional narration, but also highlights the text's relationships with cinematographic techniques. Through a subversive writing, the narrative forces the reader to see the metaphors of possible revolution and the perversion of a time of oppression also in the structural options of the discourse and, thus, re-elaborates the paradigm of Portuguese neorealist art.Desejando sempre a leitura da obra literária como um corpo a ser percorrido, este estudo pretende ler em O Delfim, romance do autor português José Cardoso Pires, publicado primeiramente em 1968, algumas de suas estratégias narrativas que dialogam com o gênero teatral e com o discurso cinematográfico. O estudo procura interpretar as escolhas estilísticas do narrador nesse romance eticamente compromissado com o humano e com a arte de tradição revolucionária, e certamente também engajado com a revolução permanente da linguagem literária. Estuda-se como as escolhas estratégicas da materialidade do texto literário se relacionam diretamente com a mensagem e com a ideologia do romance e da obra cardosiana em seu tempo de produção, concentrando-se aqui principalmente nas relações entre o gênero narrativo e o dramático, como artifícios para uma narração memorialística e ao mesmo tempo metaficcional. Escrita subvertedora, a narrativa obriga o leitor a ler as metáforas da revolução possível e da perversão de um tempo de opressão também nas opções estruturais do discurso e, assim, reelabora o paradigma da arte neorrealista em Portugal
A última dança: Um ensaio sobre a morte em The intelligent homosexual’s Guide to capitalism and socialism and a key to the Scriptures, de Tony Kushner
No full textA possible "theory" about Tony Kushner's theater is supported, in some way, by the aporia of death. The end, far beyond the political is visible in his most prominent plays. The meaning of this end tries to make itself clear through his ghostly characters, characters that are reproduced in all his theatrical productions. The ambivalence of life is consistent with the idea of the possibility of haunting. What exists after death? Kushner has never tried to find a concrete answer to this question, but he places characters on stage who, through his spectropolitics, try to remember the past. This essay is about this spectropolitics: when ghosts come on stage not only to remember the past, but as a warning sign about the future. The Homosexual's Guide centers on the Italian-American Marcantonio family. Fearing the onset of Alzheimer's, Gus, the patriarch, asks his family for support in trying to pursue an assisted suicide after a failed self-destruction attempt. This text tries to weave a link amongst death, politics and the loss of memory as a collective process of erasure of American history.Uma possível “teoria” sobre o teatro de Tony Kushner está apoiada, de alguma forma, na aporia da morte. O fim, muito além do político se faz visível em suas peças mais proeminentes. O significado deste fim tenta se fazer claro através de seus personagens fantasmagóricos, personagens que se repetem em todas as suas produções teatrais. A ambivalência da vida, em seu caminhar, se mostra consistente com a ideia da possibilidade da assombração. O que existe após a morte? Kushner nunca tentou buscar uma resposta concreta para tal pergunta, mas coloca no palco personagens que, através de uma espectropolítica, tentam rememorar o passado. Este ensaio é sobre esta espectropolítica: quando os fantasmas vem à cena não só para rememorar o passado, mas como um sinal de alerta sobre o futuro. The Homossexual’s Guide centra-se na família ítalo-americana Marcantonio. Temendo o início de um Alzheimer, o patriarca Gus pede o apoio de sua família para tentar um suicídio assistido, após a falha tentativa de autoextermínio no passado. Este texto tenta, então, tecer uma ligadura entre morte, política e perda da memória como processo coletivo de apagamento da história estadunidense
The enemies of the People in Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War: Euripides’ Orestes and the rifts among the aristocrats
No full textThis article integrates theoretical concepts not typically associated with ancient history, including generation, elite theory, and the horizon of expectation (Erwartungshorizont). It examines how political tensions in ancient Athens are culturally expressed in theatre, focusing on Euripides’ Orestes. Through the lens of historical consciousness and memory, the study explores how historical meaning is attributed and how existential temporality influences the interpretation of the past and present. The paper addresses whether rhetorical positions defending antidemocratic policies can be discerned in theatrical performances, identifying threats to democratic governance and the political arenas where crucial decisions are made. By analyzing Euripides’ Orestes (lines 682–775), the article aims to uncover the city’s response to political crises during the Peloponnesian War.This article integrates theoretical concepts not typically associated with ancient history, including generation, elite theory, and the horizon of expectation (Erwartungshorizont). It examines how political tensions in ancient Athens are culturally expressed in theatre, focusing on Euripides’ Orestes. Through the lens of historical consciousness and memory, the study explores how historical meaning is attributed and how existential temporality influences the interpretation of the past and present. The paper addresses whether rhetorical positions defending antidemocratic policies can be discerned in theatrical performances, identifying threats to democratic governance and the political arenas where crucial decisions are made. By analyzing Euripides’ Orestes (lines 682–775), the article aims to uncover the city’s response to political crises during the Peloponnesian War.This article integrates theoretical concepts not typically associated with ancient history, including generation, elite theory, and the horizon of expectation (Erwartungshorizont). It examines how political tensions in ancient Athens are culturally expressed in theatre, focusing on Euripides’ Orestes. Through the lens of historical consciousness and memory, the study explores how historical meaning is attributed and how existential temporality influences the interpretation of the past and present. The paper addresses whether rhetorical positions defending antidemocratic policies can be discerned in theatrical performances, identifying threats to democratic governance and the political arenas where crucial decisions are made. By analyzing Euripides’ Orestes (lines 682–775), the article aims to uncover the city’s response to political crises during the Peloponnesian War.This article integrates theoretical concepts not typically associated with ancient history, including generation, elite theory, and the horizon of expectation (Erwartungshorizont). It examines how political tensions in ancient Athens are culturally expressed in theatre, focusing on Euripides’ Orestes. Through the lens of historical consciousness and memory, the study explores how historical meaning is attributed and how existential temporality influences the interpretation of the past and present. The paper addresses whether rhetorical positions defending antidemocratic policies can be discerned in theatrical performances, identifying threats to democratic governance and the political arenas where crucial decisions are made. By analyzing Euripides’ Orestes (lines 682–775), the article aims to uncover the city’s response to political crises during the Peloponnesian War.This article integrates theoretical concepts not typically associated with ancient history, including generation, elite theory, and the horizon of expectation (Erwartungshorizont). It examines how political tensions in ancient Athens are culturally expressed in theatre, focusing on Euripides’ Orestes. Through the lens of historical consciousness and memory, the study explores how historical meaning is attributed and how existential temporality influences the interpretation of the past and present. The paper addresses whether rhetorical positions defending antidemocratic policies can be discerned in theatrical performances, identifying threats to democratic governance and the political arenas where crucial decisions are made. By analyzing Euripides’ Orestes (lines 682–775), the article aims to uncover the city’s response to political crises during the Peloponnesian War
As Duas sacolas da Humanidade: Entre a tradição esópica e Fedro
No full textThe fable genre in Greco-Roman culture has popular and oral roots, establishing curious dialogues with poetic and philosophical traditions throughout its history. Our article addresses two fables that share certain elements of a story of human creation: the first, written in Greek and attributed to Aesop, is entitled “Two Bags” [Πῆραι δύο]; the other, composed in Latin by Phaedrus, is entitled “On the Vices of Human Beings” [De Vitiis Hominum]. We advance on philological bases to contextualize in historical terms each of these texts, in order to understand the interplay of meaning established by them, especially with the Cynic tradition (in the first case) and with the Roman political context (in the second). To this end, we undertake a careful reading of intertextual and reception issues.The fable genre in Greco-Roman culture has popular and oral roots, establishing curious dialogues with poetic and philosophical traditions throughout its history. Our article addresses two fables that share certain elements of a story of human creation: the first, written in Greek and attributed to Aesop, is entitled “Two Bags” [Πῆραι δύο]; the other, composed in Latin by Phaedrus, is entitled “On the Vices of Human Beings” [De Vitiis Hominum]. We advance on philological bases to contextualize in historical terms each of these texts, in order to understand the interplay of meaning established by them, especially with the Cynic tradition (in the first case) and with the Roman political context (in the second). To this end, we undertake a careful reading of intertextual and reception issues.The fable genre in Greco-Roman culture has popular and oral roots, establishing curious dialogues with poetic and philosophical traditions throughout its history. Our article addresses two fables that share certain elements of a story of human creation: the first, written in Greek and attributed to Aesop, is entitled “Two Bags” [Πῆραι δύο]; the other, composed in Latin by Phaedrus, is entitled “On the Vices of Human Beings” [De Vitiis Hominum]. We advance on philological bases to contextualize in historical terms each of these texts, in order to understand the interplay of meaning established by them, especially with the Cynic tradition (in the first case) and with the Roman political context (in the second). To this end, we undertake a careful reading of intertextual and reception issues.The fable genre in Greco-Roman culture has popular and oral roots, establishing curious dialogues with poetic and philosophical traditions throughout its history. Our article addresses two fables that share certain elements of a story of human creation: the first, written in Greek and attributed to Aesop, is entitled “Two Bags” [Πῆραι δύο]; the other, composed in Latin by Phaedrus, is entitled “On the Vices of Human Beings” [De Vitiis Hominum]. We advance on philological bases to contextualize in historical terms each of these texts, in order to understand the interplay of meaning established by them, especially with the Cynic tradition (in the first case) and with the Roman political context (in the second). To this end, we undertake a careful reading of intertextual and reception issues.O gênero da fábula na cultura greco-romana tem raízes populares e orais, estabelecendo instigantes diálogos com tradições poéticas e filosóficas ao longo de sua história. Nosso artigo aborda duas fábulas que partilham certos elementos de uma história da criação humana: a primeira delas, escrita em grego e atribuída a Esopo, tem por título “Duas sacolas” [Πῆραι δύο]; a outra, composta em latim por Fedro, é intitulada “Sobre os vícios dos seres humanos” [De Vitiis Hominum]. Avançamos em bases filológicas para contextualizar historicamente cada um desses textos, a fim de sugerir os jogos de sentido estabelecidos por eles, especialmente com a tradição cínica (no primeiro caso) e com o contexto político romano (no segundo). Para isso, empreendemos uma leitura atenta a questões intertextuais e de recepção
Palimpsesto Sin. ar. NF 66: Apresentação e Tradução
No full textThis work has two objectives: to present a recent source on Orphism and to translate the Greek text into Portuguese. The Palimpsest Sin. ar. NF 66 shows two mythical narratives involving the young god Dionysus, the attempt to remove him from Zeus' throne, and a rare dialogue between Aphrodite and Persephone. The condition of the original document and clues in its content suggest ancient origins and relevance to the field of Orphic studies.This work has two objectives: to present a recent source on Orphism and to translate the Greek text into Portuguese. The Palimpsest Sin. ar. NF 66 shows two mythical narratives involving the young god Dionysus, the attempt to remove him from Zeus' throne, and a rare dialogue between Aphrodite and Persephone. The condition of the original document and clues in its content suggest ancient origins and relevance to the field of Orphic studies.This work has two objectives: to present a recent source on Orphism and to translate the Greek text into Portuguese. The Palimpsest Sin. ar. NF 66 shows two mythical narratives involving the young god Dionysus, the attempt to remove him from Zeus' throne, and a rare dialogue between Aphrodite and Persephone. The condition of the original document and clues in its content suggest ancient origins and relevance to the field of Orphic studies.This work has two objectives: to present a recent source on Orphism and to translate the Greek text into Portuguese. The Palimpsest Sin. ar. NF 66 shows two mythical narratives involving the young god Dionysus, the attempt to remove him from Zeus' throne, and a rare dialogue between Aphrodite and Persephone. The condition of the original document and clues in its content suggest ancient origins and relevance to the field of Orphic studies.O presente trabalho possui dois objetivos: apresentar uma fonte recente sobre o orfismo e traduzir o texto grego para a língua portuguesa. O Palimpsesto Sin. ar. NF 66 mostra dois relatos míticos que envolvem o jovem deus Dioniso, a tentativa de retirá-lo do trono de Zeus, e um diálogo raro entre Afrodite e Perséfone. As condições do documento original e as pistas em seu conteúdo sugerem origem antiga e relevância para o campo dos estudos órficos
Caracterización resistente de los residuos y de las interfaces entre geosintéticos utilizados en vertederos
No full textThe stability of landfill slopes is a highly significant issue to consider. A landfill failure represents a major incident that impacts operations, the environment, and can even result in casualties. However, few references in the existing literature and standards address how to approach the stability analysis of landfill slopes. Excluding failures due to inadequate bearing capacity of the foundation soil, instabilities can affect the waste mass itself or may occur along the interfaces between various geosynthetics that make up the lower liner and sealing systems, as well as between these layers, the waste, or the natural ground. This article presents various studies conducted by the Geotechnical Group at the University of Cantabria over more than three decades, demonstrating different methods to obtain the values of the strength parameters of waste materials and interfaces. It includes laboratory and field tests and results and provides comparisons with other findings from the literature.La estabilidad de los taludes que conforman un vertedero es un tema muy significativo a tener en cuenta. La rotura de un vertedero supone una incidencia muy importante que afecta a su explotación, al medio ambiente, generando incluso víctimas. Sin embargo, hay escasas referencias en la bibliografía existente y en la normativa que aludan a cómo abordar el análisis de su estabilidad. Excluyendo la rotura por falta de capacidad portante del terreno de apoyo, las inestabilidades pueden afectar a la masa de residuos o pueden producirse a través de los contactos entre los diferentes geosintéticos que conforman el sistema de impermeabilización inferior y sellado, así como entre estos y los residuos o el terreno natural. El artículo recoge diversas investigaciones realizadas por el Grupo de Geotecnia de la Universidad de Cantabria a lo largo de más de tres décadas, mostrando diferentes métodos para obtener los valores de los parámetros resistentes de los residuos y de las interfaces, presentando ensayos y resultados de laboratorio y campo realizados. Se realizan también comparaciones con otros resultados obtenidos de la bibliografía
Conseguimos planear em conjunto, com sentido, equilíbrio e compromisso com o futuro?
No full textAt a time when land is under political, economic, and ecological pressure, the choice between urbanizing rural land or rewilding urban space cannot be treated as a binary decision. This article argues that the Execution Unit (UE), as a contractual and flexible instrument, plays a central role in addressing this tension. This perspective gains particular relevance considering recent legislative amendments to the Legal Framework for Territorial Management Instruments (RJIGT) which, although aimed at responding to pressing needs, raise concerns about the fragmentation of land policy and the weakening of strategic planning.
Thus, rather than choosing between urbanizing or rewilding, we must ask: can we plan together to pursue both paths with vision, fairness, and effectiveness? A critical reassessment of the UE is therefore proposed, demonstrating how it can combine rehabilitation and expansion, territorial justice and timely execution. Based on a practical application in a municipality in the central region, in the interior of the country — in the context of duties performed as a senior technician in local government, in the fields of urbanism, planning, and spatial development, with consolidated knowledge of territorial dynamics and the risks associated with urban expansion to the detriment of the regeneration of existing buildings — the article presents an integrated proposal: to rehabilitate a vulnerable urban neighborhood while connecting it to an adjacent area of rural land (to be urbanized).
It is argued that only through mechanisms of fair distribution and integrated vision can we avoid both the paralysis of underused urban land and the scattered occupation of rural territory. In this light, the Execution Unit emerges as an original and strategic response to current environmental, housing, and legislative challenges.
It is argued that only through mechanisms of fair distribution and integrated vision can we avoid both the paralysis of underused urban land and the scattered occupation of rural areas. In this light, the Execution Unit emerges as an original and strategic response to today’s environmental, housing, and legal challenges.Num tempo em que a pressão sobre o solo adquire contornos políticos, económicos e ecológicos, a escolha, entre urbanizar solo rústico ou renaturalizar o espaço urbano, não pode ser binária. Este artigo defende que a Unidade de Execução (UE), enquanto instrumento contratual e flexível, assume um papel central na resolução dessa tensão. Esta visão ganha particular relevância face às recentes alterações legislativas introduzidas no Regime Jurídico dos Instrumentos de Gestão Territorial (RJIGT) que, embora procurem responder a necessidades prementes, levantam preocupações quanto à fragmentação da política de solo e à fragilização do planeamento estratégico.
Assim, mais do que escolher entre urbanizar ou renaturalizar, impõe-se perguntar: conseguimos planear em conjunto para fazer ambas as coisas com visão, equidade e eficácia? Propõe-se, por isso, uma atualização crítica da figura da UE, demonstrando como esta pode articular reabilitação e expansão, justiça territorial e execução célere. Partindo de uma aplicação prática num município da região centro, no interior do país – no contexto das funções exercidas por técnico superior da administração pública local, nas áreas do urbanismo, planeamento e ordenamento do território, com conhecimento consolidado das dinâmicas territoriais e dos riscos associados à expansão urbana em detrimento da regeneração do edificado existente — o artigo apresenta uma proposta integrada: reabilitar um bairro urbano vulnerável articulando-o com uma zona contígua de solo rústico (a urbanizar). Argumenta-se que apenas com mecanismos de justa repartição e visão de conjunto é possível evitar tanto a paralisia do solo urbano expectante como a ocupação dispersa do solo rústico. A UE surge, assim, como resposta original e estratégica às exigências ambientais, habitacionais e legislativas atuais
Da luta contra a expansão urbana descontrolada à proteção qualitativa dos solos
No full textIn France, the Climate and Resilience Law of 22 August 2021 limits the consumption of agricultural, natural and forest areas through the Zero Net Artificialisation target, which requires urban planning documents to ensure that there is no artificialisation of land by 2050: any artificialisation must be offset by the renaturation of an equivalent area. It also introduces the ecological functions of soil into the legal definition of artificialisation and imposes a coefficient of non-impermeable or eco-friendly areas for construction projects. While these developments are in line with the integration of sustainable development into French urban planning law and the draft European directive of 5 July 2023, which sets the objective of ensuring that all European soils are in good health by 2050, they remain insufficient. A limitation on land artificialisation is prescribed, as provided for in the draft directive, by imposing quantitative soil protection, but the tools provided remain largely insufficient, particularly at the national level in terms of soil health assessment and sustainable soil management.En France, la loi Climat et Résilience du 22 août 2021 limite la consommation des espaces agricoles, naturels et forestiers par l’objectif Zéro Artificialisation Nette qui impose à l’horizon 2050 dans les documents de planification urbaine une absence totale d’artificialisation des sols : toute artificialisation devra être compensée par la renaturation d’une surface équivalente. Elle introduit également en droit les fonctions écologiques des sols dans la définition de l’artificialisation et impose un coefficient de surfaces non imperméabilisées ou éco-aménageables pour les projets de constructions. Si ces évolutions s’inscrivent dans la voie ouverte par l’intégration du développement durable dans le droit de l’urbanisme en droit français et par le projet de directive européenne du 5 juillet 2023 qui pose comme objectif que tous les sols européens soient en bonne santé d'ici 2050, elles restent insuffisantes. Une limitation à l’artificialisation des terres est prescrite, comme le prévoit le projet de directive, en imposant une protection quantitative des sols mais les outils prévus restent très largement insuffisants, particulièrement au niveau national en matière d’évaluation de la santé des sols et de la gestion durable des sols. Em França, a Lei do Clima e Resiliência de 22 de agosto de 2021 limita o consumo de espaços agrícolas, naturais e florestais através do objetivo Zero Artificialização Líquida, que impõe, até 2050, nos documentos de planeamento urbano, uma ausência total de artificialização dos solos: toda a artificialização deverá ser compensada pela renaturalização de uma superfície equivalente. Ela também introduz na lei as funções ecológicas dos solos na definição de artificialização e impõe um coeficiente de áreas não impermeabilizadas ou ecologicamente sustentáveis para projetos de construção. Embora estas evoluções se inscrevam na via aberta pela integração do desenvolvimento sustentável no direito urbanístico francês e pelo projeto de diretiva europeia de 5 de julho de 2023, que estabelece como objetivo que todos os solos europeus estejam em bom estado até 2050, elas continuam a ser insuficientes. É prescrita uma limitação à artificialização dos terrenos, tal como previsto no projeto de diretiva, impondo uma proteção quantitativa dos solos, mas os instrumentos previstos continuam a ser largamente insuficientes, particularmente a nível nacional em matéria de avaliação da saúde dos solos e da gestão sustentável dos solos
Regularizar Sem Urbanizar: Limitações do modelo estatal de formalização do solo no Peru
No full textThe land regularization policy implemented in Peru has historically been dominated by a technical-administrative paradigm centered on individual property titling as the primary mechanism for addressing urban informality. This model, promoted by the Peruvian public administration, prioritizes legal security through registration processes, while disregarding integrated urban planning and territorial development. Consequently, thousands of families obtain legal titles to their plots but remain in conditions of socio-urban precariousness–without adequate access to basic services, infrastructure, or integration into the formal urban fabric. This disjunction between titling and urbanization reveals a narrow understanding of the right to the city, reducing regularization to a legal-financial act that fails to resolve structural problems such as spatial segregation, social exclusion, and unequal access to urban opportunities. Moreover, the implementation of largescale titling programs, in the absence of a coherent policy of social urbanism, has fostered perverse incentives–most notably, the proliferation of land trafficking networks that promote illegal occupations of rural land under the expectation of eventual regularization by the State. In this context, there is an urgent need to reconceptualize land regularization as a component of a broader process of inclusive urbanization. This entails integrating participatory planning mechanisms, infrastructure investment, and municipal strengthening with housing and land governance policies. Furthermore, combating corruption and dismantling land trafficking structures requires the implementation of territorial monitoring, preventive regulation, and effective sanctioning mechanisms. Only through such comprehensive and rights-based approaches can formalization become a meaningful instrument for advancing urban justice, rather than a mere administrative exercise.El proceso de regularización de suelos en el Perú ha estado históricamente dominado por un enfoque técnico-administrativo centrado en la titulación individual de la propiedad como mecanismo de formalización urbana. Este modelo, impulsado por la propia administración pública peruana, prioriza la legalización registral sin articularla con una planificación urbana integral. Como resultado, miles de familias obtienen títulos de propiedad, pero continúan viviendo en contextos marcados por la precariedad: sin acceso a servicios básicos, infraestructura adecuada, ni integración plena al tejido urbano formal. Esta desconexión entre titulación y urbanización refleja una visión limitada del derecho a la ciudad. La regularización, al centrarse en el saneamiento legal del suelo, no resuelve problemas estructurales como la segregación espacial, la exclusión social o la falta de oportunidades. Además, este enfoque puede generar incentivos perversos: la existencia de programas masivos de formalización sin una política clara de urbanismo social ha alimentado el accionar de traficantes de terrenos, quienes promueven invasiones ilegales de terrenos rústicos con la expectativa de una futura regularización por parte del Estado. En este contexto, se vuelve urgente repensar la regularización como parte de un proceso integral de urbanización inclusiva. Las soluciones deben incluir planificación participativa, inversión en infraestructura, fortalecimiento de la gestión municipal y políticas de vivienda digna. Asimismo, es fundamental combatir la corrupción y desarticular las redes del tráfico de tierras mediante mecanismos de prevención, sanción y vigilancia territorial. Solo así la formalización podrá ser una herramienta efectiva de justicia urbana y no una simple operación registral.A política de regularização fundiária implementada no Peru tem sido historicamente orientada por um paradigma técnico-administrativo, centrado na titulação individual da propriedade como principal mecanismo para enfrentar a informalidade urbana. Esse modelo, promovido pela administração pública peruana, privilegia a segurança jurídica por meio de processos de registro, negligenciando o planejamento urbano integrado e o desenvolvimento territorial. Como resultado, milhares de famílias obtêm títulos legais de propriedade, mas continuam vivendo em condições de precariedade socioespacial — sem acesso adequado a serviços básicos, infraestrutura ou integração efetiva ao tecido urbano formal.
Essa dissociação entre titulação e urbanização evidencia uma concepção restrita do direito à cidade, reduzindo a regularização a um ato jurídico-formal incapaz de resolver problemas estruturais como a segregação espacial, a exclusão social e o acesso desigual às oportunidades urbanas. Além disso, a implementação de programas massivos de titulação, sem uma política articulada de urbanismo social, tem gerado incentivos perversos — em especial, o fortalecimento de redes de tráfico de terras que promovem ocupações ilegais de solos rurais com base na expectativa de uma futura regularização estatal.
Nesse contexto, é urgente repensar a regularização fundiária como parte de um processo mais amplo de urbanização inclusiva. Isso implica integrar mecanismos de planejamento participativo, investimento em infraestrutura, fortalecimento da gestão municipal e políticas de habitação e governança fundiária. Adicionalmente, o combate à corrupção e o desmonte das estruturas de tráfico de terras exigem a implementação de mecanismos eficazes de monitoramento territorial, prevenção normativa e sanção legal. Somente por meio de abordagens abrangentes e fundamentadas em direitos será possível transformar a formalização em um instrumento efetivo de justiça urbana, e não em um mero procedimento administrativo
