Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
Not a member yet
4991 research outputs found
Sort by
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Whiskers from Lampung Sugarcane Bagasse, Indonesia
Full text linkSugarcane bagasse, the fibrous residue from sugar production, is an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, especially in Lampung, one of the country’s leading sugarcane-producing provinces. Its high lignocellulosic content makes it a promising alternative source of cellulose. However, effective extraction and conversion into high-value products such as cellulose whiskers require optimized chemical processes. This study aims to isolate cellulose from sugarcane bagasse using alkali and peroxide treatments and convert it into cellulose whiskers through hydrolysis using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at varying concentrations (4–12 M). The objective is to evaluate the optimal acid concentration that produces cellulose whiskers with desirable morphology and crystallinity. Cellulose isolation was achieved through sequential NaOH and H₂O₂ treatments, significantly reducing lignin and hemicellulose content and yielding α-cellulose at 88.37%. Hydrolysis of the purified cellulose was then performed with H₂SO₄. The resulting materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. FTIR confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic components, while SEM showed that only 10 M H₂SO₄ produced well-defined whiskers with nanoscale dimensions (200–700 nm in length and 10–50 nm in diameter). Lower acid concentrations resulted in incomplete hydrolysis, while excessive degradation occurred at 12 M. XRD analysis revealed an increase in crystallinity to 86.7%, indicating the removal of amorphous regions and successful formation of crystalline whiskers. TGA analysis showed different thermal degradation patterns between isolated cellulose and whiskers, supporting structural transformation. Cellulose whiskers can subsequently be utilized as a reinforcing material in the fabrication of plastic films for water–oil separation and dye adsorption applications in laboratory experiments
Comparison of Protein Content and Physicochemical Characteristics of Fresh Noodles Enriched with Tuna and Mackerel Fish Flours
Full text linkNoodle products are classified as low-nutrient noodles because they have a high carbohydrate content but low protein, vitamins and minerals. Marine fish such as tuna and mackerel are food ingredients with high protein content, and they are abundant in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to partially substitute wheat flour with tuna flour and mackerel flour and analyze the physical (rehydration power, cooking loss, elasticity power) and chemical (protein) characteristics of the resulting wet noodles. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using a simple group randomized design and repeated 3 times. The results showed that the physical and chemical characteristics of wet noodles with the addition of mackerel flour had a cooking loss value of 11.51-16.42%, elasticity value of 29.82-17.12 gf, rehydration power of 177.33-140.65%, and protein 11.25-15.24% db. The addition of tuna fishmeal to wet noodles has a cooking loss value of 15.11-20.03%, elasticity value of 30.12-19.22 gf, rehydration power of 183.15-160.72%, and protein 13.37-21.72% db. The addition of mackerel flour and tuna flour to wet noodle products increased protein content while affecting the product's physical properties. It is hoped that this research can provide comparative insights into the utilization of marine resources as fortification ingredients in noodle products
Water Quality Analysis of Nile Tilapia Hatchery Ponds at the Fish Hatchery Center in Tepas Sepakat Village, West Sumbawa Regency
Full text linkThis research was conducted to evaluate the water quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) hatchery ponds at the Fish Seed Center (Balai Benih Ikan, BBI) located in Tepas Sepakat Village, West Sumbawa Regency. Water quality is a critical factor that directly influences the success of aquaculture, particularly in hatchery operations where the survival and growth rates of fish fry are highly dependent on optimal environmental conditions. The study assessed key water quality parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, ammonia concentration, and water transparency. Measurements were carried out quantitatively through direct sampling from three hatchery ponds containing fry of different ages and sizes, with data collected over three consecutive days during morning and afternoon sessions. The results indicated that all measured parameters remained within the acceptable ranges established by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7550:2009) for freshwater aquaculture. Water temperature ranged between 25.9°C and 27.9°C, DO levels varied from 3.9 to 5.2 mg/L, pH values ranged from 7.5 to 8.2, ammonia concentration was consistently below 0.1 mg/L, and water clarity ranged from 40 to 46 cm. Although water clarity slightly exceeded the standard threshold, it was still within a tolerable range that could support sufficient light penetration for photosynthesis without posing risks to the aquatic ecosystem. These findings suggest that the water quality at the BBI Tepas Sepakat hatchery ponds is generally suitable for supporting healthy and productive tilapia breeding. However, continuous monitoring and adaptive water quality management, particularly concerning dissolved oxygen and light penetration, are recommended to maintain optimal rearing conditions and ensure long-term sustainability of the hatchery operations. These findings can serve as a useful reference in promoting sustainable aquaculture practices and can be used in aquaculture training programs to improve water quality management
Total Phenolics and Potential Antioxidant Activity in Natural Materials: Banana Stems and Bean Sprouts as Growth Regulators for Chilli Peppers (Capsicum frutescens L)
Full text linkIndonesia has abundant horticultural commodities, including chilli plants, which have high economic value. However, their productivity remains low at 8.35 tons/ha, compared to the potential 20–40 tons/ha. To boost the productivity of red cayenne pepper, additional supplements such as phytohormones auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin are needed. This study uses natural sources of phytohormones derived from banana stems and mung bean sprouts. The aim is to measure the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of various combinations of these natural plant growth regulators (PGRs) to support plant productivity. An experimental design was used, analyzing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with IC50 values, and total phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Six variations were tested: A (banana stem extract 10:0), B (banana stem:bean sprouts 8:2), C (6:4), D (4:6), E (2:8), and F (bean sprout extract 10:0). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that variation C (6:4) had the highest total phenolic content (8.8 mg GAE/g) and an IC50 value of 210 ppm, indicating moderate antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that the combination of banana stem and bean sprout extracts in the right proportion can enhance the functional properties of natural PGRs, potentially supporting the growth and productivity of red cayenne pepper plants
Reproductive Biology of Frigate Tuna (Auxis thazard Lacepède, 1800) Caught by Fishermen in West Sumatra Waters
Full text linkThe frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) is important to the fishing industry in West Sumatra. The increasing demand for frigate tuna causes this fish to continue to be exploited. Exploitation carried out continuously can reduce frigate tuna production, so research needs to be done. The research was conducted to: (1) Know the growth pattern and factor condition of frigate tuna (A. thazard) in West Sumatra waters; (2) Know the reproductive biology of frigate tuna (A. thazard). Samples were collected from fishermen's catch in the waters of West Sumatra. Random sampling was conducted, and samples were measured for length and weight, followed by dissection to ascertain sex ratio, gonadal maturity level, gonadal maturity index, and fecundity. The results indicated that the fish's length ranged from 350 to 475 mm, with an average of 401.48 mm, and their weight ranged from 408 to 1,339 grams, with an average of 755.8 grams. The growth pattern is identified as positive allometric (b>3), indicating that weight gain surpasses length increases. The condition factor is in stable condition with an average of 1.24. The sex ratio is in an unbalanced condition with a ratio of males and females of 0.9: 1. The level of gonad maturity obtained is GML III and GML IV. The gonad maturity index of male fish ranged from 1.71 to 3.04 and female fish from 1.28 to 2.50. Estimated fecundity ranged from 261,468 to 2,775,590 grains. Based on several factors included in this study, the reproductive biology of frigate tuna in the waters of West Sumatra is favorable
Identification of Pests and Diseases in Tomato Plants in Jeprono Village, Karangbangun District, Karanganyar Regency
Full text linkThe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), is a very valuable horticultural plant that is extensively grown in Jepron Village, Karangbangun District, Karanganyar Regency. However, pests and diseases frequently limit tomato yield. Finding the kinds of pests and illnesses that target tomato plants in the region is the goal of this study. Direct field observation and laboratory identification are two components of the qualitative descriptive research methodology. The study's findings found a number of pests, including armyworms (Helicoverpa armigera), fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.), and earthworms (Phytothetora infestans). Furthermore, brown spots (Alternaria solani), root rot (Ralstonia solanacearum), and leaf rot (Phytophthora infestans) were discovered. In order to increase harvest yields, this study suggests using environmentally friendly farming technologies and implementing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as a guide for managing pests and diseases to enhance the well-being of nearby farmers
Effect of Sensor and Based NPK on The Growth of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Cultivated Hydroponic
Full text linkRed spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a high nutritional value vegetable that is increasingly in demand in Indonesia. Hydroponics is an innovative solution to overcome land limitations, but the efficiency of nutrient delivery in manual methods is still a challenge. This study aims to compare the growth of red spinach in the NPK sensor-based hydroponic system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) with the manual method. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments, namely the use of IoT-based NPK sensors and manual methods, each with two replications and nine samples per replication. The results showed that the use of IoT sensors significantly increased plant height (37.9 cm), leaf area (245.5 cm²), wet weight (9.3 g), and dry weight (1.6 g) compared to the manual method. Statistical analysis using an unpaired t-test at the 5% real level showed significant differences in most growth parameters. IoT technology is proven to be effective in increasing the efficiency and productivity of hydroponic systems by providing real-time nutrition according to plant needs. This research supports the development of IoT technology for sustainable agriculture, while having a positive impact on production efficiency and resource savings
Literatur Review: D-Allulose 3-Epimerase from Microbial Sources and its Potential Uses
Full text linkD-allulose, or psicose, is a rare, low-calorie sugar with various health benefits, such as managing blood sugar levels and lowering the risk of obesity, making it an ideal alternative to sucrose. In the food and pharmaceutical sectors, this study aims to review the characteristics and potential of D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) enzymes from different microbial sources, along with the challenges and prospects associated with industrial-scale applications. The methodology involved a literature review to analyse the properties of DAEase enzymes, including specific activity, thermal stability, and optimal temperature and pH conditions from different microbial producers. The results showed that the enzyme from Agrobacterium sp. exhibited the highest specific activity, while the enzyme from Labedella endophytica offered the best thermal stability. In conclusion, DAEase enzymes show significant potential in the production of D-allulose, especially in supporting the global trend towards healthier and more environmentally friendly low-calorie food products. Further research is recommended to focus on improving production efficiency and technology development for large-scale commercial applications
DPPH Radical Capture Test of Sumbawa Oil and Identification of Compound Content Using GC-MS
Full text linkFree radicals are reactive fragments that can trigger a variety of chronic diseases. Antioxidant compounds are needed to counteract the attack of free radicals. Sumbawa oil is one of the natural traditional remedies that has the potential to be a natural antioxidant because it contains compounds such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and methyl palmitate. The study aimed to determine the metabolite compounds contained in the Sumbawa oil brand “Rimba” and their activity to capture the DPPH free radical. The Sumbawa oil determined their metabolite compounds using Gass Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of Sumbawa oil was analyzed using the DPPH radical capture method. The GC spectra showed the 5 compounds detected in the Sumbawa oil. In addition, the MS spectra showed these 5 compounds were delta-3-carene, trans-caryophyllene, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and stearic acid. The antioxidant activity of Sumbawa oil was found to be very weak with an IC50 value of 13.49 ± 0.34 mg/mL. Therefore, Palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid were reported to have potential antioxidant activity. These compounds were lipophilic antioxidants that did not properly detect their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. So, the antioxidant activity of Sumbawa oil was recommended to be analyzed using the β-carotene bleaching method
DNA Barcoding Analysis Kitolod (Hippobroma longiflora) from Riau Based on matk Gene
Full text linkThe kitolod plant (Hippobroma longiflora) is a traditional medicinal plant originating from the Campanulaceae family. DNA barcoding is a technique for identifying an organism using short nucleotide sequences known as DNA barcoding. One of the DNA barcodes in plants is matK. This research aims to analyze DNA barcode sequence in the matK region of the kitolod plant using the DNA barcode. Samples were taken from the area of Tarai Bangun Village, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia as many as two different individuals. The research stages carried out are sampling, followed by DNA isolation using the Geneaid Mini Plant kit, PCR follow thermo scientific instructions, gel agarose electrophoresis, sequencing, and data analysis using the bioinformatics program, namely BioEdit, BLASTn, and MEGA 6.0. The matK sequence of the kitolod plant obtained was 841 bp. The result showed that no identity value was found to reached 100%. The highest identity value (99.88%) was found in H. longiflora NC_035361.1. 34 nucleotide variations were found with one critical nucleotide for H. longiflora from Riau and six critical nucleotides for the H. longiflora. The matK DNA sequence from Kitolod Riau in this study is the first sequence reported in database GenBank