Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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Insect Species Diversity in Oil Palm Plantation Area Wonosari Sub-District Boalemo District
Get PDFEach habitat has a drastically varied species composition as a result of oil palm plantations filtering out natural forest wildlife, leaving only a limited range of taxa to survive. Among the animal groups with the greatest diversity are insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of flying insects found in the oil palm plantation area of Wonosari District, Boalemo Regency. The method used in this research is exploration with three observation stations. Station I is adjacent to residential areas, station II is in the oil palm plantation area and station III is adjacent to residents' plantations. Sampling using the trap trap technique using the sweeping net method (insect net) which is commonly used for collecting flying insects. Sample identification in the Biology laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gorontalo State University. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results in this study obtained 12 species included in 5 orders and 8 families, namely: Family Nymphalidae (Faunis phaon pan, Amathusia phidippus, Melanitis leda). Pieridae family (Leptosia nina), Hesperiidae family (Platylesches robustus). Family Vespidae (Polistes fuscatus), Family Pyrgomorphidae (Atractomorpha crenulata), Family Acrididae (Trimerotropis pallidipennis, Oxya japonica, Chorthippus albomarginatus), Family Cerambycidae (Glenea albolineata) and Family Libellulidae (Neurothemis terminata) with a total of 24 individuals. Of all the flying insects found, the Diversity Index was 2.362, which indicates that diversity is classified as moderate
The Effect of Commercial Cow's Milk on the Quality of Kefir Fermentation
Get PDFKefir is a dairy product derived from the fermentation of milk by kefir grains. Kefir grains are natural starter cultures in the form of small spheres containing various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. This study aims to evaluate the effect of milk medium type and initial weight of kefir grains on four fermentation parameters: curd, whey, pH, and kefir grain weight gain. The materials used in this study were natural starter cultures in the form of kefir grains and packaged cow's milk from various brands (A, B, D, F, and G) with differing nutritional compositions, as well as bulk cow's milk (C and E). The kefir production process began by mixing 250 ml of commercial cow's milk from various brands with kefir grains. The mass of kefir grains used was varied at 10 grams and 12 grams. Data analysis was performed using the Two-Way ANOVA method and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Based on the results of the Two-Way ANOVA test, it was found that the type of milk medium had a significant effect on three main parameters, namely curd (p-value = 0.000), whey (p-value = 0.000), and pH (p-value = 0.021), but did not have a significant effect on the increase in kefir grains (p-value = 0.676). Conversely, the initial weight of kefir grains only significantly affected kefir seed growth (p = 0.003) but not the other parameters. Packaged milk with higher nutritional content produces higher curds and lower whey, thereby potentially producing higher quality kefir. These results indicate that the type and nutritional content of milk affect the quality of kefir fermentation
Distribution Catch Size and Condition Factor of Giant River Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in the Kayu Arang River, West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands
Get PDFThe Kayu Arang River represents a natural habitat with potential for the sustainable exploitation of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). High consumer demand has led to increased harvesting pressure in the wild. The captured prawns exhibit a wide size range, from small to large individuals. Therefore, it is essential to consider size eligibility in harvesting to ensure long-term resource sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the size distribution, catch eligibility, length–weight relationship, and condition factor of M. rosenbergii in the Kayu Arang River. Field sampling was conducted in September 2023 using handline fishing gear at 20 designated stations. Results showed that male prawns ranged from 11.10 to 25.70 cm in total length, with dominant catch sizes between 13.90–15.70 cm and 15.80–17.60 cm. Female prawns ranged from 10.10 to 17.70 cm, with a dominant size class of 12.00–13.80 cm. Legally catchable males were found at stations 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, and 12; females at stations 7, 8, 9, and 12. The length–weight relationship for males followed the equation W = 0.0081L³.1682 (N = 100; R² = 0.9116), indicating positive allometric growth, while females followed W = 0.0142L².9401 (N = 110; R² = 0.6533), indicating negative allometric growth. The condition factor ranged from 0.59 to 1.75 for males (mean: 1.02) and 0.53 to 1.89 for females (mean: 1.04), suggesting that most individuals were in healthy condition
The Role and Regulation of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Chemotherapy: A Literature Review
Get PDFNatural Killer (NK) cells, as innate immune effectors capable of targeting tumor cells without prior sensitization, interact complexly with chemotherapy, which can both enhance and suppress their functions. This literature review aims to comprehensively evaluate the role and regulation of NK cells in the context of chemotherapy over the past decade. Literature searches were conducted through Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using relevant keywords. The review findings indicate that several chemotherapeutic agents can enhance NK cell activity by increasing the expression of activating ligands on tumor cells and promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, chemotherapy may also suppress NK cell function through systemic immunosuppression and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. NK cell-based immunotherapy, especially when combined with chemotherapy, demonstrates promising therapeutic potential. Recent studies support the development of strategies such as genetic modification, exogenous cytokine administration, and NK cell engineering to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review underscores the importance of further research to optimize the synergy between NK cells and chemotherapy in cancer treatment
Physical Characteristics of Antidesma spp. (Phyllanthaceae) Bogor Botanical Garden Collection
Get PDFIndonesia has a strategic position that supports high biodiversity and produces a variety of medicinal plants. Antidesma is one of the plants widely known in traditional medicine. This study aims to describe the morphological characteristics of antidesma, especially in the collection at the Bogor Botanical Gardens. This study was conducted at the Center for Applied Botany Research, BRIN, West Java, from November to December 2023. This study successfully identified eight species of Antidesma, namely Antidesma montanum var. Salicinum (Ridl.) Petra. Hoffm, Antidesma montanum Blume, Antidesma minus Blume (Euph.), Antidesma neurocarpum Miq., Antidesma stipulare Blume, Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng, Antidesma tetrandum Blume, and Antidesma tomentosum Blume. Morphologically, Antidesma is a shrub to a woody tree with a round stem and crusty bark. The leaves are single, pinnate, and have smooth edges. The fruit is a drupe (bun) that ripens purplish-black, with a combination of sour, bitter, and sweet flavors. This discovery is important for species identification, exploration of local uses, and plant breeding programs to preserve Indonesia's native diversity and potential
Qualitative Traits and Body Condition Score (BCS) of Buffaloes in Mount Sangiang
Get PDFBuffaloes in different regions of Indonesia exhibit unique physical characteristics influenced by genetics and environment, making them an important subject for morphological and condition assessments. This study aims to determine the qualitative traits and body condition score buffaloes in Mount Sangiang. This research is a descriptive observational study that involves both qualitative and/or quantitative sampling in the field, with a descriptive explanation using purposive sampling method. The study material includes 30 buffaloes, consisting of 15 males and 15 females, each of which was previously marked with identification tags. The results show that buffaloes in Mount Sangiang exhibit qualitative traits such as gray, black, and blonde hair colors; horn shapes of 'kerung' and 'baplang'; tail colors of black and brown; lower leg colors of white and pink; the presence of 1, 2, 3, and 4 whorls; flat and curved dorsal lines; and 2 white collar lines. The BCS for buffaloes in Mount Sangiang is 3 for male buffalo calf, young males, adult males, female buffalo calf, and heifers, while adult females have a BCS of 4
Ecological Analysis of Bird Communities at Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Muhammadiyah University of Mataram
Get PDFBirds have a vital ecological role as pollinators, seed dispersers, and insect population controllers. Their diversity is super important in ecology and conservation studies. This study aims to identify and analyze the bird community structure in the Special Purpose Forest Area of Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. Field surveys were conducted in June 2025 using the point count method at four observation points selected through purposive sampling. Observations were carried out over three time periods with two repetitions at each point. The study recorded 26 bird species from 23 families, totaling 177 individuals. Dominant species included Pycnonotus goiavier, Orthotomus sepium, and Todiramphus chloris. Additionally, endemic species of Nusa Tenggara such as Otus jolandae and Pitta concinna were recorded. Ecological analysis showed a Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.99, a Margalef species richness index of 4.83, and an Evenness index of 0.92. These values reflect a stable, healthy bird community with an even distribution of individuals without the dominance of any particular species. Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening conservation efforts through the preservation of natural vegetation, regular monitoring of bird populations, and further research
Monitoring Land Cover Change Using Change Vector Analysis (CVA) in Central Bengkulu Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFMonitoring land cover change is essential for sustainable spatial planning in regions undergoing rapid development. This study aimed to evaluate Land cover changes in Central Bengkulu Regency during the 2008–2024 period were analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method, which identified nine land cover classes with moderately good accuracy (Overall Accuracy of 66.7% and Kappa coefficient of 61.3% for Landsat 5 imagery in 2008, and 58.0% OA and 50.1% Kappa in 2024). Significant land cover dynamics were observed, with notable increases in shrub and plantation areas, and substantial decreases in primary dryland forest, rice fields, and open land. Change Vector Analysis (CVA), combining NDVI and NDBI indices, proved effective in detecting both the magnitude and direction of land cover change. The largest change category was "Stable/Not Significant" (±65,000 ha), followed by "Rehabilitation/Recovery" (±24,700 ha), and "Urban Development" (±10,800 ha). These changes reflect the strong influence of socio-economic drivers such as population growth, land conversion for oil palm plantations, and settlement expansion, as well as ecological factors such as degradation and natural succession. The results indicate that the integrative approach of CVA and spectral indices can serve as a reliable spatio-temporal analysis tool to support spatial planning and sustainable land management policies, particularly in newly established regions vulnerable to land conversion
The Environmental Impact of Landfill Expansion in Ijobalit Village, East Lombok Regency
Get PDFWaste management issues in Indonesia are a major concern due to the high volume and poor management systems in many Final Processing Sites (TPAs). This study aims to analyze the impact of the expansion of the Ijobalit Landfill in East Lombok Regency on the environment and social dynamics of the surrounding community. The research uses a qualitative approach with an embedded single case study design. Data was collected through field observation and in-depth interviews, then analyzed using NVivo 12 Plus software. The results showed that the expansion of the landfill was carried out without meeting the operational standards (SOP) and SNI, causing various negative impacts, such as water and air pollution, declining the quality of agricultural land, health problems, and social unrest in the community. Economically, landfills do not make a significant contribution to the welfare of the community. The conclusions of this study emphasize the importance of sustainable and participatory landfill management. This study recommends the need for ecological and social-based waste management policies, involving communities in every stage of planning and decision-making
Identification of Begomoviruses Causing Yellow Curl Disease in Chilli in West Java
Get PDFBegomoviruses are among the most destructive plant viruses infecting chili (Capsicum annuum L.), leading to significant yield losses in tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, particularly in West Java, the incidence of viral diseases in chili plants has increased, yet molecular identification of the causal agents remains limited. This study aimed to detect and characterize Begomovirus infections in chili plants from Cianjur and Bogor using molecular techniques. Symptomatic leaf samples showing chlorosis, curling, and stunted growth were collected and analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with universal Begomovirus primers (SPG1/SPG2). Amplicons were sequenced and compared using BLAST analysis to determine nucleotide identity and phylogenetic relationships. Results showed that all tested samples were positively infected with Begomovirus, with sequence homologies ranging from 87% to 96% with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates from Cianjur and Bogor clustered differently, indicating genetic variability possibly influenced by agroecological conditions and seed exchange practices. Findings highlight the presence of multiple Begomovirus species infecting chili in West Java and underscore the importance of early molecular detection in managing viral diseases. It is recommended that integrated disease management strategies be developed, including the use of virus-free seedlings, resistant cultivars, and region-specific monitoring systems