Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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Community Structure of Crustacean in Seagrass Ecosystem of Kecinan Beach, Pemenang, North Lombok
Get PDFThe presence of Crustacea plays an important role in the processes occurring within seagrass bed areas. One of the coastal waters that contains seagrass beds is Kecinan Beach. This beach is also frequently used by the local community for madak activities, and the high frequency of such activities poses a threat to the seagrass ecosystem and the diversity of Crustacea. Due to the lack of available data on Crustacea in the Kecinan Beach area, this study is necessary to understand the community structure of Crustacea in the seagrass ecosystem of Kecinan Beach, Pemenang District, North Lombok. Data were collected using the line transect method, with each transect measuring 50 meters in length. Along each transect, 1×1 m² quadrat plots were placed. The Crustacea community structure found in the seagrass ecosystem of Kecinan Beach, Pemenang District, North Lombok, consisted of 14 families and 31 species, with a total of 155 individuals. The diversity index at stations I, II, and III was classified as moderate. The evenness index at stations I and II was high, while the evenness index at station III was moderate. The dominance and abundance indices indicated that each station had low species dominance and low abundance
Growth and Yield of Cowpea Microgreens (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) under Different LED Light Intensities and Growing Media
Get PDFCowpea microgreens (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) are nutrient-rich foods with high nutritional content. The objective of this research was to ascertain how growing medium and 6500K white LED light intensity affected the development and production of cowpea microgreens. This investigation was conducted in January and February of 2025 in Nagarawangi Village, Cihideung Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya City, at a height of 355 meters above sea level. Using a factorial randomised block design, the research used an experimental approach with two components: two kinds of growth medium (m1 (rockwool) and m2 (vermicompost)) and five degrees of light intensity (i0 (control), i1 (3000 lux), i2 (4000 lux), i3 (5000 lux), and i4 (6000 lux). Every therapy was carried out three times. The observational data were analyzed at a significance level of 5% using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The findings indicated that fresh weight and germination speed parameters were influenced by both growth material and light intensity. Microgreens' height and germination rate were influenced by light intensity and growth medium separately. Based on the results, the treatment of 5000 lux light intensity with rockwool growing media produced the best growth and yield of cowpea microgreens (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Polyploid Induction of Long Bean (Vigna sinensis) Using Colchicine with Different Concentrations
Get PDFLong bean (Vigna sinensis) is a plant from the Leguminosae family, which has an important role in the Indonesian economy because it is widely consumed as food. The purpose of this research is to utilize mutation technology in supporting plant breeding to produce superior long bean varieties. The research method carried out was a non-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK), namely soaking the seeds of long bean plants with colchicine to see the effect of colchicine treatment on chromosomal mutations in long bean plants. The results showed significant differences between colchicine concentrations of 0.02% and 0.03%. At a concentration of 0.02%, the cell nucleus appeared solid red and in the center of the cell, but the number and shape of chromosomes were not clearly visible. This concentration is not optimal for inducing polyploidy. Meanwhile, at a concentration of 0.03%, the chromosomes were more clearly visible than the previous concentration
Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil on Gelatin Edible Film: Water Vapor Transmission, Gelation, and Chemical Structure
Get PDFEdible film constitutes a thin layer that is capable of biodegradation and is therefore considered safe for consumption, thus providing a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastics. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the impact of lemongrass essential oil incorporation on the water vapour transmission rate, gelation time and chemical structure of gelatin edible film. The present study employed a randomised experiment, incorporating 3 distinct treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment. The treatments comprised three groups: P1, which did not include the addition of lemongrass essential oil; P2, which incorporated the addition of lemongrass essential oil at a rate of 4%; and P3, which incorporated the addition of lemongrass essential oil at a rate of 8%. The findings demonstrated that the incorporation of lemongrass essential oil did not exert a substantial influence on the WVTR value (P > 0.05), with the mean value remaining within the parameters stipulated by the Japanese Industrial Standard. Conversely, the gelation time exhibited a significant increase (P<0.01) with rising lemongrass oil concentrations, attributable to the disruption of gelatin intermolecular bonds. FTIR analysis demonstrated interactions between the film components, with an increase in the intensity of certain functional groups indicating alterations in the chemical structure, particularly at a concentration of 4%, which resulted in optimal interactions without compromising the gelatin protein structure. The study concluded that the incorporation of lemongrass oil at concentrations up to 4% yielded optimal outcomes in enhancing the flexibility and antimicrobial properties of edible film, without compromising its structural stability
Feeding Guild of Birds in Rojolelo Forest Park (TAHURA) Central Bengkulu
Get PDFThe composition of bird guilds can provide an overview of the vertical distribution of birds. Rojolelo Forest Park (TAHURA) is a green area that plays a role in maintaining the ecosystem balance for living beings, especially birds. This research aims to determine the composition of bird guilds in Rojolelo Forest Park (TAHURA). The research was conducted in June-July 2023 at several locations, they are TAHURA Lodge, scrubland, and irrigation areas. Data collection was conducted using point counts method. The research results obtained 21 families, 33 species of birds, and were grouped into 7 types of guilds. The seven types of guilds are insectivores, nectarivores, granivores, omnivores, piscivores, carnivores, and frugivores. The insectivores dominated in guild composition with 17 species
Literature Review: Analysis of Cyanogenic Compounds in Plants
Get PDFCyanogenic glycosides are hydrocarbon compounds that can bind to CN groups and sugars. Certain plants, notably higher plants, can perform cyanogenesis, forming cyanogenic glycosides as by-products of biochemical reactions. From a medical perspective, cyanide is known to negatively impact health, particularly the respiratory system, as it binds oxygen in the blood to toxic compounds. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning from food consumption include dizziness, weakness, vomiting, throat inflammation, and abdominal cramps. Acute poisoning and death have been reported from consuming food containing 50 – 100 mg of cyanide. This review utilizes a literature study method, focusing on national journals from the past decade accessed via Google Scholar. The findings identify five plant species containing cyanogenic glycosides: cassava, bamboo shoots, cassava leaves, raw Pangium edule seeds, and Dioscorea hispida tubers. Cassava, in particular, contains linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside found in all parts of the plant, with bitter varieties generally having higher toxin levels
Species Diversity of Soil Insect in the Lemor Botanical Garden, East Lombok, Indonesia
Get PDFSoil insects play an important role as environmental indicator organisms, ecosystem balancers, and decomposers of organic matter. This study aims to determine the diversity of soil insects in the Lemor Botanical Garden, East Lombok. The diversity of flora and fauna in this area makes it suitable as a conservation site that also serves educational purposes. Sampling was conducted using pitfall traps, soil borers, and Berlese-Tullgren funnels at two stations: station 1 (ex situ) and station 2 (in situ). Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The results showed that 44 species of soil insects were found, belonging to 11 orders and 23 families, with a total of 970 individuals. The most dominant species belonged to the family Formicidae, with 257 individuals. Overall, the soil insect diversity index on litter was H' = 1.778, on the soil surface H' = 2.265, and in the soil layer H' = 1.098. These results indicate that the diversity level of soil insects in the Lemor Botanical Garden is moderate and varies across habitat layers. This moderate diversity reflects a relatively stable ecosystem and supports the importance of Lemor Botanical Garden as a site for conservation and environmental education
Comparative Efficacy of Wet Wipe Preservatives: Antimicrobial Performance to Inhibit Microbial Growth
Get PDFThe global market for wet wipes has seen significant growth in the past decade, establishing them as a popular product for personal care and household use. However, their high water and cellulose content makes them vulnerable to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause changes in both their physical and chemical properties. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of six preservative formulations in preventing microbial contamination in wet wipes. The formulas tested included: Formula 1 (F1) with phenoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride; Formula 2 (F2) with phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate; Formula 3 (F3) with phenoxyethanol and caprylyl glycol; Formula 4 (F4) with polyaminopropyl biguanide and caprylyl glycol; Formula 5 (F5) with sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and cetylpyridinium chloride; and Formula 6 (F6) with propylene glycol and chlorphenesin. A 28-day challenge test was conducted using a multispecies inoculation technique, including bacteria, mould, and yeast. All formulas were initially sterile, as confirmed by sterility testing. The results showed that Formula F1 was the most effective, reducing microbial growth by over 6 log units within 14 days. Formulas F5 and F6 also demonstrated effectiveness, though microbial reduction in these formulas was slower, only reaching >6 log reduction by day 28. Formulas F2, F3, and F4 did not meet the required standards for mould and yeast reduction. These findings support the use of Formula F1 as the most reliable preservative combination, ensuring the safety and quality of wet wipes
Literature Review: The Effect of Preparation Methods on the Entrapment Efficiency of Herbal Extract Phytosomes
Get PDFImproving the bioavailability of hydrophilic bioactive compounds in herbal medicines has become a key focus in pharmaceutical research, prompting interest in phytosome formulation strategies. This literature review examines how phytosome preparation methods influence entrapment efficiency (EE) to overcome this limitation. The study employed a literature review methodology, sourcing 13 peer-reviewed articles sourcing (2015–2025) from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using keywords: phytosome, entrapment efficiency, herbal extract, thin-layer hydration, and antisolvent precipitation. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, namely studies discussing phytosome preparation methods, providing entrapment efficiency (EE) data, available in full-text format, published within the last 10 years, and written in either English or Indonesian. Analysis revealed that antisolvent precipitation consistently achieved high EE (>85%), while thin-layer hydration showed variable outcomes (14–99%) dependent on parameter optimization. Critical success factors included extract-phospholipid ratios (1:1–1:5), chemical interactions (hydrogen bonding), and temperature control (<60°C). This study concludes that optimized preparation methods significantly enhance phytosomal EE, recommending strict standardization of process parameters to advance herbal pharmaceutical development
Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract from Gelam (Melaleuca leucadendra) Leaves Against Pathogenic Bacteria
Get PDFEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are bacteria causing contagious diseases. Both bacteria have shown high levels of antibiotic resistance, making them essential targets in searching for new antibacterial agents from natural sources such as medicinal plants. Gelam (Melaleuca leucadendra) is a promising medicinal plant to be a new antibacterial agent. This research aims to analyze the biological activity of the methanol extract of Gelam leaves (M. leucadendra) in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The Gelam leaf extract was prepared by maceration process in 96% methanol solution (1:7 ratio). The antibacterial assay was conducted using the disc diffusion method on MHA (Muller-Hinton Agar) media. Four levels of methanol leaf extract concentration were used: 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/ml. Methanol 96% was used as negative control and amoxicillin as positive control. The highest inhibition in both bacteria tested, 1.67 mm on E. coli bacteria and 6.26 mm on S. aureus bacteria