Jurnal FKIP Universitas Mataram (Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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Antibacterial Efectiveness Test of Basil Leaf Ethanol Extract (Ocinum sanctum L) Against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6301.
Get PDFBasil leaves, which include flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and phenols, are one of the herbal plants that may be used as an antibiotic. We set out to see whether our hypothesis that an ethanol extract of basil leaves inhibited the development of Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6301 bacteria would hold water. Methods from descriptive experimental research are employed in this work. As part of its Bacteriology Laboratory, the National College of Health Sciences carried out the investigation. Quantitative sampling is the method employed. Foliage picked fresh from a basil field in Klaten's Jogonalan neighborhood. Powdered basil leaves were isolated by maceration with 96% ethanol. A series of concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% DMSO were subsequently applied to the extract. A Kirby-Bauer assay for determining antimicrobial efficacy. Findings showed that an extract from basil leaves was antibacterial against the strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6301. On average, the inhibition zone diameter for basil leaf extract at 0%,40%,60%,80%, and 100% was 10.4 mm, 10.8 mm, 11.5 mm, 11.9 mm, and 13.0 mm, respectively. A 13.0 mm bland zone was generated by the maximum effective concentration of 100% in inhibiting Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6301. No matter the dose, the antibacterial effects of basil leaf extract (Ocimum x africanum Lour) were able to suppress the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6301. able to block 13.0 mm. C
The Role of Psycotropic Diazepam as Liver toxicity Causes Damage to Histological and Hepatic Function
Get PDFAbuse of drugs and chemical compounds is increasing nowadays, one of the sleeping pills that is classified as a drug and is circulating in the community is Diazepam. Research on psychotropics that focuses on histopathological effects is important, because of the lack of research and information.The aim of this study was to determine changes in the histological structure of the liver and measured SGPT and SGOT due to diazepam, hopefully can increase awareness for used. This study used 12 mice divided into 4 groups by Simple Random Sampling method. The groups were control (Polyethylen Glycol 1000 1%) and 3 diazepam treatments (P1, P2 and P3) the concentration was 62.25; 83; 124.5 mg/kg/BW. Treatment were given for 28 days. SGPT and SGOT measured by Spectrofotometry on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. After 28 days the mice were euthanized. The paraffin technique, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and scoring were used to prepare the samples, and the one-way anova T-test was used to assess the results. The damage histological structure of the liver observed was vacuolization, pyknosis, sinusoidal dilatation, cloudy swelling, fat and accumulation of Kupffer cells. Damage increases as the dose increases. SGPT and SGOT enzyme showed were not significantly different
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Ants Nest Plant Extract (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack.) on The Growth of Test Microbials
Get PDFAnt nest plants are epiphytic plants that contain active compounds that act as antimicrobials. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ant nest plant extracts, determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Maximum Killing Concentration (MBC) of test microbes, determine the presence of polyphenols from several ant nest extracts. The method used in this study is the nested pattern experiment method. The results showed that dry brew extract + lime gave a significantly different effect on dry brew extract and dry boil against E. coli and S aureus, but did not give a significantly different effect on C. albicans. The MIC of dry brewed extract + lime against E. coli, S.aureus, and C. albicans is 3.12%, 1.5% and 25%, and is able to kill with an MIC of 6.25%, 3.12% , and 50%. The polyphenol value in the dry brewed extract + lime was 11.28 mgGAE/mL, the dry brewed extract was 9.94 mgGAE/mL, and the dry boiled extract was 4.13 mgGAE/mL. The antioxidant value of dry brewed extract + lime with an IC50 value of 78.14 μg/ml, dry brewed extract with an IC50 value of 98.68 μg/ml in the strong activity category and dry boiled extract with an IC50 value of 106.24 μg/ml in the medium activity category
Addition of Glycerol as A Growth Stabilizer for Trichoderma asperellum in Bran-Based Growth Media
Get PDFBiofertilizer is a fertilizer that contains microorganisms that increase plant fertility and reduce environmental pollution. One of the microorganisms that can be used as a biofertilizer is Trichoderma asperellum. Trichoderma can be cultured in several growth media, one of which is bran. In an effort to extend the shelf life of Trichoderma, glycerol is added as a stabilizer.This research aims to see how the addition of glycerol affects the shelf life of Trichoderma asperellum. This reserach is experimental research. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (RAL). The treatment given in this research was by adding glycerol to the T. asperellum growth medium. T. asperellum cultures which were cultured in liquid bran-based media which were given glycerol and which not given glycerol were observed for spore growth, then the spore density was counted using a haemocytometer every 15 days. The research results obtained were that T. asperellum was able to survive in the growth medium for 45 days and had no real effect because it was unable to maintain the number of T. asperellum spores
Biblometric Analysis of the Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus on Immunity
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus is the inability of the body's cells to respond to insulin or so-called insulin resistance which causes hyperglycemia. The body's immune system is a complex system that functions to protect the body from various diseases and infections. This research was conducted with the aim of applying bibliometric methods using quantitative analysis to trace the development of research related to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study uses a biblometric analysis method that can help researchers in studying the content of bibliography, citation analysis of each article taken from the lens database. The results of data with the keywords DM type 2, immune, and complication are not too much, only about 475 data were obtained, and after being identified and cleaned using vosviewer, data was obtained in the form of several clusters such as images
Correlation of Oceanographic Parameters with Yellowfin Tuna Catch in Fisheries Management Areas (WPP) 573 and 713
Get PDFOceanographic parameters are related to the distribution of fish in the waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution trends of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (CHL) and to determine the spatial-temporal correlation with the catch of yellowfin tuna. This research took place in WPP 573 and 713 between the north and south of the Alas Strait. Remote sensing methods and statistical regression analysis for SST and CHL in 2023 over 12 months. The penetration results of Aqua MODIS in 2023 show the highest fluctuation SST trend in December (30.71°C), the lowest in August (27.3°C). The highest CHL distribution occurred in December (37.81 mg/m3), and the lowest in February (0.66 mg/m3). The results of linear regression analysis between SSTs; CHL; SST and CHL, for yellowfin tuna fishing, obtained a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.421 each; 0,476; 0.623. Conclusions: 1). The relationship between SST and CHL with yellowfin tuna is in the strong category; 2). The fluctuating catch of yellowfin tuna causes the CHL and SST trends to change every month. CHL and SST values were highest in December, but they did not have a major effect on catches
Optimizing Bioelectricity Production from Thermophilic Bioelectrogens Consortium Using Agricultural Waste in Microbial Fuel Cells
Get PDFSignificant economic and population growth around the world has led to various problems, especially fossil fuel scarcity, energy production, as well as an increase in the volume of organic waste (agricultural, municipal, and industrial waste). As an alternative energy source, Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was chosen due to its promising prospects. The use of thermophilic bacteria and consortiums were chosen for their potential advantages in MFC systems. This study aims to explore the potential of thermophilic bioelectrogenous bacterial isolates of Sungai Sapan Aro (SSA) consortium 14&16 in producing bioenergy using various agricultural waste substrates (corn cob, rice straw, rice husk, and glucose as control). The results showed no significant difference in the use of agricultural waste substrates in the MFC system. Quantitatively, corn cobs produced voltages almost equivalent to glucose (control), while rice straw and rice husk produced lower voltages. The resulting voltages were glucose (0.59467 V), corn cob (0.57633 V), rice straw (0.43300 V), and rice husk (0.40400 V). The results of this study show better performance compared to previous studies in the field of electricity generation through MFCs
Efusi Pleura: Literature Review
Get PDFPleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which is the thin cavity between the pleural layers that surround the lungs. Globally, around 1.5 million patients are diagnosed each year, with the main causes being congestive heart failure, malignancy, and infection. The purpose of this article is to determine pleural effusion: a literature study. The method used is a literature review using several database journals taken from Google Scholar. Relevant keywords related to the title of the article are used in the search strategy. The results of the literature study obtained that pleural effusion is classified into transudate and exudate. The diagnosis of pleural effusion is made through anamnesis and physical examination. In addition, there are supporting examinations consisting of chest x-ray, chest ultrasound, chest CT scan, and pleural fluid analysis. Management in dealing with pleural effusion through pleural puncture (thoracentesis), thoracoscopy, conservative management (if the fluid is small), installation of water seal drainage, pleurodesis, complications and prognosis. In conclusion, pleural effusion can be diagnosed in 2 ways and by carrying out other supporting examinations
Primer Design of EDNRB Gene Exon 5 and PCR Optimization for Gene Mutation Analysis in Hirschsprung's Disease
Get PDFHD disease is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. HD disease is a congenital disorder of the colon characterized by the absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in the sub mucosal plexus of Meissneri and the mienterikus plexus of Auerbachi. Objective: To design specific primers for amplification of exon 5 in EDNRB gene and test the specificity in silico. To determine the optimum PCR conditions for amplification of exon 5 in EDNRB gene. Methods This type of research is descriptive. The purpose of descriptive research is to provide an overview or description of the EDNRB exon 5 gene primer design and PCR optimization. Electrophoresis results showed the temperature of 56 oC is the right temperature characterized by a single band and looks the thickest and brightest with the appropriate amplicons size of 367 bp, The results for the EDNRB gene primer exon 5 obtained the optimum concentration of 0.8 µM. This is characterized by DNA bands that look clear and thickest. The specific sequence of forward primer is 5'ATTTCA GAGACG GGAAG TGG3' reverse primer is 5'GGCACT CACTCATCATCTTG 3' which produces amplicons with a length of 367 bp. The optimum annealing temperature is 56 oC and the optimum primer concentration is 0.8 µM.
Estimation of Carbon Stocks in Green Open Spaces (RTH) in East Pagutan, Mataram City
Get PDFThe impact of global warming has made climate change a major area of concern in the modern era. This phenomenon is caused by the increasing concentration of gases known as greenhouse gases (GHGs), which include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These gases increase the amount of heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere, some of which is absorbed and some of which is reflected back to Earth. Analyzing the capacity of Pagutan Timur Green Open Space for carbon storage and carbon dioxide absorption in Mataram City is the aim of this study. Purposive and census methodologies were used in this study, which was conducted in Pagutan Timur Green Open Space, Mataram City. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis were used. The results of the study found that a total of 299.99 tons of carbon were stored, 638.27 tons of biomass were stored, and 1,100.95 tons of carbon were absorbed. This means that the total area is 8.2 hectares, or 36.49 tons of carbon stored per hectare. The conclusion is that Pagutan Timur Green Open Space can store carbon and absorb carbon dioxide in Mataram City