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FRIEDEL-CRAFTS BENZYLATION OF BENZENE USING ZN AND CD IONS EXCHANGED CLAY COMPOSITES
Get PDFMetal ion-exchanged clay composites such as MII–Mont and MII–Mont (AT) where M=Zn and Cd, Mont=montmorillonite clay of the
typesMont1(SWy-2)andMont2(Neelkanth),andAT=acidtreatedhavebeensynthesized,characterizedandevaluatedascatalystsforFriedelCraftsreactionparticularlyforbenzylationofbenzene.XRDstudyrevealsthat,ingeneral,thebasalspacing(d001)increasesastheinterlayer
cations of Na–Mont or H+–Mont are exchanged with Zn2+ or Cd2+ ions and interlamellar spacings are maintained in the range 3.9–5.3 and
4.3–6.0 ˚A, respectively, at room temperature. The basal spacing (d001) of Mont1 supported composites are higher than Mont2 and therefore
substantiatetheadvantageoftheformeroverthelatterinpreparingmetalion-exchangedclaycompositesusefulassolidacidcatalysts.During
theinitialbenzylationreactions,Cd2+-exchangedcomposites,ingeneral,showhigheractivitybutinthelongrunZn2+-exchangedclaysexhibit
highercatalyticactivities.Ingeneral,acidtreatedmetalion-exchangedclaycompositesexhibithighercatalyticactivitythannon-acidtreated
ones because the former show higher surface area as well as higher acid sites.
© 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Kinetics and adsorption behaviour of benzoate and phthalate at the alpha-alumina- water interface : influence of functionality
Get PDFAsystematicstudyonthei
KINETICS AND ADSORPTION OF BENZOATE AND SALICYLATE AT THE NATURAL HEMATITE-WATER INTERFACE
Get PDFKinetics of adsorption of benzoate and salicylate onto the natural hematite surfaces have been carried out at pH 5 and at a fixed ionic
strength (I=1
×10−4moldm−3). The state of equilibrium was attained at 144 and 70h for benzoate and salicylate, respectively. Adsorption
behaviour of benzoate and salicylate onto the natural hematite was studied over a wide range of pH at a fixed I=5
×10−4moldm−3 NaCl
and at different temperatures. The adsorption isotherms for both the adsorbates were Langmuir type up to pH 8. TheΓmax for benzoate is
≈2.7–13.7 times more than that of salicylate depending on the pH of the suspension. Unlike benzoate, salicylate is not only adsorbed at one
surfacesitebutalsocoversaroundthreeormoresurfacesitesofhematitesurface.Therateconstantforadsorption,K1 forsalicylateontothe
natural hematite is greater than that of benzoate and increases with the increase in temperature and
≈4 times greater at a fixed temperature.
Theactivationenergyfortheadsorptionofsalicylateontothenaturalhematiteis2.9timesmorethanthatofbenzoateonthesameadsorbent
resulting in lowerΓmax
Isentropic compressibility, shear relaxation time and Raman spectra of aqueous calcium nitrate and cadmium nitrate solutions
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Sol-Gel derived nanocomposites and nanoporous oxide powders and related coatings for the reversible chemisorption of hydrogen sulfide
Get PDFt. Two types of nanocomposites and nanoporous powders and related coatings were prepared by the
sol-gel route. These silica-based materials contain dispersed reactive oxides, ZnO and ZnCr2O4, respectively. ExperimentsevidencedtheirabilityofreversiblechemisorptionofH2SasZnS.Theirattractiveporouscharacteristics
(smallporesize
∼2–2.5nm,highspecificsurfacearea∼900–1100m2·g−1,highporosity∼50–60%)arenotsignificantlymodifiedduringthesuccessivetreatmentsofH2Schemisorptionandoxideregeneration.Thesepreliminary
results encourage to pursue this study which aims at the preparation of nanofilters for the desulfurization of gas
mixtures
Knowledge management - an experience at Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat, In- Proc. Knowledge Organization in digital environment in libraries (KODEL) : introspect Prospects, 50th ILA Conf. Seminar paper, ed by Ashu Shokeen
Get PDFInduced immunity in Antheraea assama Ww larvae against flacherie causing Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC-3
Get PDFThis study reports for the first time the induction of
immunity in Antheraea assama Ww larvae against
bacterial flacherie. In silkworms group of disease
caused by bacteria are collectively called 1Cflacherie. 1D
This refers to the flaccid condition of the larvae due to
the infections of bacterial strains pathogenic to muga
silkworm. Antibacterial activity against pathogenic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC-3 causing flacherie,
was induced by injection of heat-killed cells of the
same strain. Experiments on larval survivability and
viable cell count revealed peak immune response on
third day. Comparison of the amount of food ingested,
excreta produced and larval weight of the salineinjected
control, live bacteria-challenged larvae and
heat-killed bacteria-injected larvae 1C(vaccinated) 1D
confirmed the development of immunity against
bacterial infection in the 1Cvaccinated 1D set. The
haemolymph of A. assama larvae was analyzed for
proteins associated with bacterial infection. Out of the
total 32 detected proteins, eleven (A1 132, A15 1320,
A22 1323, and A29) were constitutively synthesized in
both the control and live bacteria-injected larvae. Four
inducible proteins A4, A9 1310, and A21 were detected
in the haemolymph of the live bacteria-injected larvae.
Synthesis of rest of the proteins varied between the
control and their live bacteria-injected counterparts.
General protein profile of 1Cvaccinated 1D larvae injected
with live bacteria were found to be similar to that of
the saline-injected control.
Author Keywords: Antheraea assama; Flacherie;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Immunity; Haemolymph
proteins
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Rearing of silkworms
2.2. Induction of disease symptoms and immunity
2.3. Determination of time period for peak immune
response
2.4. Feeding efficiency
2.5. Haemolymph preparation
2.6. Comparative antibacterial activity of immune and
normal haemolymph
2.7. SDS 13PAGE of haemolymph
3. Results
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Reference
Studies on uracils : a facile one-pot synthesis of oxazino[4,5- d]-, pyrano[2,3-d]-, pyrido[2,3-d]- and pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines using microwave irradiation in the solid state
Get PDF—N,N-Dimethyl-5-formylbarbituric acid 1 reacts with maleimide 2 and phenyl isocyanate/phenyl isothiocyanate 4 under
microwave-assisted conditions in the solid phase to afford pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines3 and oxazino[4,5-d]pyrimidines5 in excellent
yields. Under identical conditions, N,N-dimethyl-6-amino-5-formyluracil 6 reacts with 2 and 4 to give pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine
derivative 7 and pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 8 in high yield
DMSO/N2H4.H2O/I2/H2O/CH3CN : A new system for selective oxidation of alcohols in hydrated media
Get PDFA new alternative system for the oxidation of
secondaryalcoholstoketoneswithDMSO/N2H4‚H2O/I2/H2O/
CH3CN in hydrated media has been developed. The system
also selectively oxidizes the secondary alcoholic groups to
the corresponding ketones in the presence of primary
alcoholic groups present within the same molecule in moderate
to very good yields at reflux temperature