Reitaku University Academic Repository / 麗澤大学学術リポジトリ
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Zur Motivation von Studenten mit Deutsch als zweiter Fremdsprache am Beispiel der Reitaku-Universität Die Veränderung der Lernmotivation vom Studienbeginn bis zum Ende des ersten Semesters
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Inefficiency of Land Use in the Tokyo Office Market:An Attempt to Measure Social Costs in Inefficiency of Land Use
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is firstly to measure the social costs in inefficiency of land use in the Tokyo office market and secondly to investigate how the costs can be eliminated, Our assumption is that the land use will change to more profitable us if the market is efficient and if the cost for changing land use is zero.
In this study, our focus is on the estimation of pricing function in the office and residential floor space. That is we would examine the difference in profitability of land uses. In our hypothesis, the social costs emerge when the estimated rent for office use is cheaper than the rent for residential use on the same location. In other words, there is in inefficiency in the land use.
Our analysis showed that 14,577 office buildings, 27,58% of 52,890 total office buildings as of 1991, would achieve higher rent if they are converted to residential use in 2004.The total difference of the rents is 35 billion and 981 million yen per year as opportunity loss. Furthermore, we can see through our analysis that the office buildings were converted to residential properties where the rent for residential use is higher than that for office use between1991 and 2001. This result supports our assumption that is the land use would change to another land use which produces higher return
都市基盤整備財源はどのように調達すべきか？ ―都市の老朽化への対応と開発利益還元―
Get PDF都市基盤整備の財源調達手段は，戦後の都市の成長過程の中で様々な方法が開発されてきた。宅地開発指導要綱に基づく開発負担方式や都市計画税，受益者負担金などといった金銭的な財源調達手段のみならず，土地区画整理事業や再開発事業または特定街区，総合設計などといった事業手法も広く普及してきた。これらの手法は，都市の成長の中での新規開発と土地価格の上昇を前提とした手法である。そのために，都市が成熟し，土地価格の大きな上昇が見込まれない中では，異なる手法を用いて都市基盤整備を進めていかなければならない。とりわけ，都市基盤の老朽化が進む中では，その更新投資が大きな課題となる。しかし，このような維持・管理及び更新需要に対応する財源調達手段は，依然として整備がなされていないのが現状である。このことは，都市の拡大をもたらす原因にもなっている。都市の中心部の老朽化が進む中では郊外に都市を拡大していこうとする圧力が働くためである。そのために，大都市部では都市としての競争力が低下し，地方都市においては都市機能の維持が困難な状況にも追い込まれつつある。本稿では，この問題の構造を整理するとともに，新しい財源調達手段を構築するための具備すべき諸条件を示した
Investigating Effective Practice Methods for Memorizing English Spelling Among Japanese Junior High School Learners:The Beneficial Use of the First 15 Minutes in the Classroom
Get PDFWithout doubt, literacy building is one of the main purposes of language education. When learning English, beginners find it difficult to connect English spellings to sound (i.e., pronunciation). Some previous studies have focused on a learning methodology for understanding sound-letter correspondences; however, here in Japan, there are few studies which focus on such methodology. In order to shed light on this language learning methodology, this study focuses on effective practice methods for learning English spelling. The researcher compared three practice methods: “pronounce,” “write,” “pronounce and write”. Sixty-seven junior high learners (seventh grade learners) participated using words with a higher or lower number of letter strings. Fifteen words from Gakken’s (2007) corpus data were used in the current study. The analysis compared practice methods, and the results showed the “pronounce and write” method to be the most effective for words containing 12 letters
