Reitaku University Academic Repository / 麗澤大学学術リポジトリ
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The Effectiveness of Incorporating Reflective Journal Writing into A Short-Term Study Abroad Program:An Exploration of the Development of Intercultural Communication Competence
Get PDFThis qualitative study was conducted with the assistance of a group of six male and three female American college-level students on a short-term study abroad
program that consisted of a home stay and the study of Japanese language and
culture at a university in Japan for about four weeks. Reflective journal writing
was used as a tool to explore and assess the development of the students’ intercultural communication competence. The conclusions drawn from the study are that reflective journal writing and mentoring sessions helped the students to reflect on their intercultural experience,and also to learn from it in an objective fashion
『おくのほそ道』における漢詩の考察 ――平泉の章――
Get PDF本稿では『おくのほそ道』の平泉の章に於いて、杜甫の『春望』を踏まえている「国破れて山河あり、城春にして草青みたり」の諸外国語への翻訳文を比較し分析した。『おくのほそ道』の野坡本、曾良本、柿衞本及び西村本、これらの四つの原本を分析し、野坡本の「城春にして青〻たり」から柿衞本の「城春にして草青みたり」に至る補筆訂正は、芭蕉が句文の推敲を重ね、内容・表現上の様々な工夫をこらしたものであることを確認した。『春望』についての解釈を調べたところ、東洋の自然観が中国と日本の場合に、違いがあることが判明した。『春望』の「草木深し」を芭蕉が「草青みたり」に換えたことによって、『春望』の「詩的表現」は変わった。「城春にして草青みたり」の「草青みたり」についての先行研究の論点をまとめ、「草青みたり」の意味について考察した
American Civilization and Israel: How the Interpretation of Judeo-Christian Scripture Conditions their Relationship
Get PDF“America itself had religious meaning to the colonists from the very beginning,”as is evident in events such as the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers in 1620, and of over 700colonists in 1630,headed by Governor John Winthrop who is thought to have delivered the famous “City upon a Hill”sermon. In calling themselves “God’s new Israel,”the colonists perceived themselves as a chosen people, a sense they shared with the ancient Hebrews. For them, Europe was Egypt and America their “promised land.” God had again led his people to found a new nation that should be a light to the world.
This self-image of being God’s chosen people, one they shared with the Israelites,entailed for Christian American a mission to save the world,a sense of being specially selected to accomplish that mission in God’s plan, and a belief in an eschatology that included Armageddon. The 17th Century Puritans who fled from oppressive England to New England brought with them this Christian eschatology, a sense of themselves as a chosen people, and a prophecy of the advent of the millennium.
The influence of this interpretation of Scripture can be detected throughout American history:in the American Revolution,the Civil War,the Spanish -American War of the 19th Century, the Two World Wars, the Civil Rights movement and the Vietnam War. It is also apparent, overtly or covertly, in the language of successive presidents in their Inaugural Addresses and State of the Union Addresses to Congress. By projecting the image of “Israel”as an archetype onto America itself, this interpretation of Scripture created the unique nature of American Civilization.
When the archetype of “Israel”present in American Civilization was given material form in the establishment of the nation of Israel in 1948, individual Americans and their government started giving direct financial aid and moral support to that nation. Cumulatively, Israel has received more financial aid from the U.S. government than any other foreign country since the end of World War II. In addition,the American people has also strongly supported Israel: surveys show that a majority of them favor and morally support Israel in its conflict with the Palestinians.
This paper aims to explain why the U.S. government has provided so much financial aid, and American people so much moral support, to Israel. To this end, it seeks to elucidate the meaning of “Israel” in American Civilization by way, firstly, of outlining the origin of the Americans’concept of “chosen-ness,”then by tracing its history from the perspective of the eschatological millennium,and finally by describing the process and clarifying the reasons for the popular support of Israel in the U.S
The Principles of Prudence Policy and the Financial Crisis
Get PDFThe paper focuses on regulation and supervision as one of main causes of the recent global financial crisis. Because regulation and supervision could not mend the lax risk management simultaneously observed in the US and Europe, the paper reviews the prudential policy principles informally shared with the most authorities in major countries.
The policy principles were changed under the financial innovation and the risk management revolution in the 90s. The paper, at first, reviews the main thrusts of those principles such as the rolls of regulation and supervision, the balance between risk taking by financial institutions and the financial system stability, risk sensitive regulation with incentive compatibility, rolls of market discipline, supervisory review on the risk management frameworks, and how to address procyclicality.
Secondly, the paper reviews, in the context of the financial crisis, components among the principles had been changed, had not been achieved, and had not been adjusted to the new environments.
Finally, based on the above analysis, the current policy proposals on the global financial system reform are reviewed. The paper discusses the importance of the incentive compatibility to avoid regulatory arbitrage, the supervision to address arbitrage and to contain systemic risk, the reconstruction of market discipline, and how to address the procyclicality. It also points out that the new liquidity requirement rules and proposed countercyclical measures would distort the incentive of the financial institutions and could be the sources of the next systemic risk accumulation