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Redrawing Boundaries:The ‘Bloodlands’ as Fact or Artefact?
Get PDFTimothy Snyder is a leading light among scholars engaged in the study of 20th century central and eastern European history. His latest book attempts to convince the reader of the usefulness and aptness of the coinage‘Bloodlands’ as a way of identifying and describing a discrete historical phenomenon, the campaigns of mass murder waged by Hitler and Stalin in a swathe of the continent running between central Poland and Western Russia in the period 1933-45. This central claim is examined and found wanting in terms of an inner consistency in relationship to the unities of time, place and action. It is argued, however, that the book still contains much of real value, as for example in its discussion of Stalinist anti-semitism and the disappearance of the Holocaust from Soviet accounts of the ‘Great Patriotic War’ after 1945. The failure to establish an overarching framework is, then, a significant flaw, but not sufficiently damaging to wound the endeavor fatally
日韓の近代化における利他思想の比較文化的考察 －沈大允と廣池千九郎の道徳・倫理思想を中心に－
Get PDFアメリカ型資本主義を中心とする新自由主義は、自己利益だけを追究する「自由」の拡大とともに、世界中における利潤獲得競争の激化を招き、各国間の富の格差の拡大、貧困、不平等、不公正の蔓延など、多くの難問を生み出している。時代を遡れば、19世紀のフランスの学者A・コントは、蔓延していた利己主義（egoism）へ対抗概念として「利他主義」（altruism）という造語を考え出したのである。もちろん、利他主義の中核をなす「利他愛」は19世紀の産物ではなく、すでにキリスト教の「隣人愛」、仏教の「慈悲」、儒教の「仁」などで表される概念の中に内包されている。
さて、アメリカ型市場主義がグローバル化の波に乗って世界を席巻している昨今の状況は、19世紀以来、アジア諸国、特に韓国と日本において、いわゆる「ウエスタン・インパクト」によって近代化がなされた状況と非常に似ている部分がある。当時、西洋文化・文明の挑戦に対し、日韓両国がどのように対応し、いかなる思想的基盤によって、いかに自国のアイデンティティーを確立するか、ということであった。
本論では、そのような近代化の時代の中にあって、独自の道徳・倫理思想を確立し、それによって自国民を啓蒙しようとした思想家として、韓国の沈大允（1806年～1872年）と日本の廣池千九郎（1866年～1938年）に注目したいと思う。本論では、沈大允と廣池千九郎のそれぞれの利他思想を、その時代的背景も管見しながら、比較検討する
On the Probability Density Function of the Rank Statistics
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to investigate properties of the probability density function of the rank statistics for a Brownian motion. Fujita and Miura(2006)defined the rank statistics for a Brownian motion and derived closed form for its density function.However,since their density function includes multiple integrals, it is hard to imagine the shape of the density function. Thus we will evaluate the multiple integrals numerically to investigate the properties of the density function of the rank statistics.We also prove some properties of the distribution of the rank statistics mathematically
Calculation Method of GNH (Gross National Happiness) of Bhutan and development of HSM (Human Satisfaction Measure) Ver.6
Get PDFSustainable welfare indicator HSM(Human Satisfaction Measure) including triple bottom line (Society, Environment and Economy) was proposed by Ohashi in 2000 and developed from Ver.1, Ver.2-(1), Ver.2-(2), Ver.3-(1), Ver.3-(2), Ver.4, Ver.5 with help of Dr. Hong Nguyen and Professor Nobuyuki Kimata. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is only economic indicator, not including society nor environment.
So, several indicators were developed including society or environment etc., trying to compensate GDP.
They are SEEA (Handbook of National Accounting Integrated System of Environmental and Economic Accounting), NNW (Net National Welfare), ISEW/GPI (Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare / Genuine Progress Indicator), HDI (Human Development Index), HPI (The Happy Planet Index) and so on.
GNH (Gross National Happiness) was presented by Bhutanese 4th King Jigme Singye Wangchuck at the press conference after the conference of Nonaligned Nations 1976 at his age 21 old years. GNH is declared as first priority of Bhutan in Bhutanese constitution.
Now GNH is well-known in the world, because Bhutan joined many international organization such as UN, UNDP, World Bank and so on.
GNH has 4 strategic areas.
1. Sustainable & equitable socio-economic development.
2. Environmental conservation.
3. Preservation and promotion of culture.
4. Good governance.
And nine dimensions
Dimension 1: Psychological Well-being
Dimension 2: Cultural diversity
Dimension 3: Time Use & balance
Dimension 4: Good Governance
Dimension 5: Community Vitality
Dimension 6: Living standard (income)
Dimension 7: Ecological diversity and resilience
Dimension 8: Health of the population
Dimension 9: Education
As Dr. Sabina Alkire wrote, Bhutan’s vision of development is more holistic than western concept, and incorporates culture and spirituality, governance, emotional well-being and community, along side material living standard⑴.
HDI (Human Development Index) is composed only 3 indicator (Health, Education and Real GDP per capital ($ppp)), so HPI is composed satisfaction of life, Health and Ecological Footprint.
HDI and HPI are using simple quantitative data, so very easily calculated.
But GNH composed some qualitative data, so calculation of GNH indicator is somewhat strange way. Karma Ura, President, the Centre for Bhutan Studies called aggregation method⑵.
This paper showed the process of GNH calculation.
By the way, for the development of HSM Ver. 6, Ohashi included Democracy as the No.7th indicator of new HSM. Jeremy Bentham ( 1748-1832 ) who suggested “ the greatest happiness for the greatest number ” said that Parliamentary democracy can achieve it.
According to the calculation results of 18 countries, Japanese HSM value is the lowest in the year 2005 to 2007. The reason is that the Japanese Ecological Footprint overshoots 8.17 times to biocapacity and it’s the largest in 18 countries. Japan should decrease the load of environment much more.
⑴ Sabina Alkire et al., 2008, Gross National Happiness and Poverty in Bhutan: Appling the GNH Index Methodology to explore Poverty, p.2.
http://www.ophi.org.uk/subindex.php?id=publications0
⑵ Karma Ura, 2008, GNH INDEX
http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com (but now the paper is cancelled
The Reluctance to address recall cost in conventional accounting.
Get PDFAutomobile manufacturers in both the U.S. and Japan are now under recall system monitoring by the National Highway Transport Safety Agency(NHTSA)and the Ministry of Land.Infrastructure and Transport,respectively.These organizations collect the recall-related information and release it to the public.In many cost and management accounting books and treatises,cost and quality related practices are often introduced and explained but none of these publication has made reference to the matter of recall.Akerlof,the U.S. famous economist,argued that there are"Lemon cars"in the used car market,it was the second hand market that he focused on.Cusumano, a famous reseacher in the automobile industry, studied the Japanese automobile industry and newly established recall system in 1969.He wrote about the situation of Japanese manufacturers,but did not study the U.S.counterpart system. made in America-Regaining the Productive Edge-,published in 1989,point out the Japanese sutomobile indstry and the newly established recall system in 1969. He wrote about the situation of Japanese manufacturers, but did not study the U.S.counterpart system.Made in America-Regaining the Productive Edge-,published in 1989,point out teh weak points of U.S.industries and made a proposal for correstive action.Even this very popular book avoided the problem the recall.The Productive Edge written by R.K.Lester in 1998 was book avoided the problem of recall.The Productive Edge written by R.K.Lester in 1998 was in the same vein. There seems to be a good deal fo reticence with theis subject never mind the issue of recall-related costs
Objectives of Contrastive Linguistics:In Parallel with Foreign Language Teaching
Get PDFKönig and Gast (2009) contrast English and German in terms of phonology, morphology, and syntax to clarify grammatical subsystems, describe the properties of each cognitive system, and examine external factors and effects of second language acquisition. This review considers the advantages and disadvantages of the contrastive linguistic approach, comparing König and Gast(2009) with similar studies; Tarvainen (1985), Whitley (2002), and Nose(2010a). By choosing English as the candidate for contrast, we can apply educational and more typological knowledge, while noting the risks of English-based analysis
Intercultural Care and Communication:Issues on the EPA and Foreign Care Workers
Get PDFUnder the Economic Partnership Agreements(EPA)with Indonesia and the Philippines, about 1,000 foreign care workers have entered Japan since 2008. They have started working in hospitals and nursing care facilities all over Japan,practicing intercultural care. This paper examines the phenomenon of intercultural care in Japan with a focus on the issues involving the EPA. It first gives an overview of the current state of intercultural care in Japan. Then it describes problems related to the EPA as a framework for accepting foreign care workers in Japan and discusses the issues involving language, culture,and communication in the field of intercultural care
The Development of New Spontaneous Learning Method for Regional Geography Education in the 1920s
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to analyze the development of the teaching theory and method of geography education by Heiji Oikawa(1875-1939),which includes a practical dimension, in order to clarify the fundamental principles of his teaching method
