Riviste Clueb (Cooperativa Libraria Universitaria Editrice Bologna)
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Immagini migranti, immagini in-discriminanti Latenze e valenze nell’uso di foto e filmati in ambito migratorio
No full textPictures, stereoscopies and films were some of the tools that the emigrants used, when they could afford them, as a form of support or an alternative to the exchange of letters. They were a mean to better define their new status of citizens of the world, who freed themselves from the poverty of the rural and southern contexts they left. The fixed, stentorian lapidary and three-dimensional image depicted in these portraits, seemed to provide the illusion to cross the threshold of overseas metropolis or of any other place on earth. It was a cinematographic image, therefore one in motion, in the end a more realistic picture which gave to the emigrants the opportunity to show off the success of their migratory project, had it actually been realized or not.They gathered from the urban contexts where they settled down, all the necessary and technological know-how to convey, sometimes autonomously, as an amateur photographer or film maker, the winning image they wanted to send back home and project on the village walls on occasion of one of their “well planned” trips back. On these occasions, once again, the picture was necessary to strengthen their image of successful people. If on one side they meant to mark the distance from their fellow coutrymen, who had remained back at the village, at the same time they considered them as the recipients of their visual messages; denoting hence, the continuing of a relationship with them.Through the study of some cases dating back to the first half of the twentieth century, in several parts of the Italian region of Basilicata, we try to make an analysis of the specific visual and audiovisual languages adopted by some emigrants whose aim was to portray an image of themselves described with an extreme care and meant to fuel a dynamic of both parting and approaching their place of origin
Raccontare la grazia tra Ottocento e Novecento: riflessioni preliminari su testimonianze di malattie, medici e devoti
No full textThe stories of healing from illness of late nineteenth century documenting the graces bestowed by the Virgin or a saint and votive paintings of the same period shed light on epidemic diseases, official therapies and devotional practices. The votive representations, as reports of graces received, are complementary sources that communicate both with their specific and different languages, the will to make public the grace received. Reports of graces testify other interesting aspects such as the doctor-patient relationship, the home environment with different characters and their roles, and the meaning of suffering lived in the home. The statement of a reality often based on the ambivalence of the role of the doctor and on syncretisms still detectable in the practices of medicalization is no less important
Incertezza, precarietà, capacità di immaginazione del futuro e modernità: un confronto tra Appadurai e De Martino
No full textThough apparently distanced for their temporal and historical moment, their conceptual terminology, their interlocutors and the fields of their empirical research, it is possible to get some notable parallelisms of theoretical vision between the anthropological work of De Martino and that of Appadurai. In both cases, their starting point is in fact the uncertainty of human condition and social orders, and at the heart of their theory, there stands the issue of identifying the different kinds of ethos and cultural activity which permit people to historically and existentially confront this uncertainty through establishing their belonging to a “cultural homeland” (De Martino) or forms of social imagination which shape the capacities of constructively projecting themselves into the future (Appadurai). In this article, I trace a comparison among different components of both anthropologists’ theoretical apparatus, trying not only to sketch the basic elements of their “general anthropology”, but also their interplay with their interpretation of causes, phenomenology and possible ways out of the contemporary crisis, of cognitive and ethical kind, in the capacity for imagining the future in today globalised world. In their diagnosis of the present, De Martino and Appadurai, though sharing the idea that reference to universalistic values inherited by European modernity does not provide more an adequate frame for interpretation, express divergent views about modernity, its European matrix and the ethical dispositions which grow with it
Economie dell'incertezza: festa, località, autonomia simbolica. Una nota
No full textData on a case study are outlined in this note, through general and indicative lines. By the way of this case study, one can see the existence of an economic and social field, related to the shortage of resources and to the lack of concrete expectations of the future, which sees massively (though not exclusively) protagonists the younger generation. At the very center of this field there are the feast, the rite and the connected emphasis on local identities. This delineates autonomy, when not a real independence, of the symbolic components from the structural plane, their establishment as a fundamental element of economic and social organization (above all, but not only, with regard to tourism and to the relationship between local community and global reality). The case study focuses on an emblematic region of national underdevelopment, Calabria, but what is happening there is certainly significant to wider realities
La “familizzazione” dell’impresa: alcune riflessioni sul familismo imprenditoriale in Brianza nella crisi economica attuale
No full textDrawing on a ethnographic research in an area characterized by a dense network of small family-run firms this article looks at the transformation of such enterprises and at their inner relations. It argues that family-run firms are a special kind of organization of production as family (non-commodified) labour and commodified labour are interwoven. Familistic relations, which permeates the enterprise and creates the basic conditions for its formation and functioning, is termed entrepreneurial familism. It sets the organizational structure of the firm and defines the strategies of the transmission of capital adopted by the entrepreneurs. The leader of a small family firm may decide to include or to exclude some kin members from the process of intergenerational succession in order to secure corporate earnings and good performance in the upcoming future. Yet, the choice of share redistribution and ultimately the planning of succession may be a highly contested business decision within the kin group. This form of unequal transmission of capital, based on gender, may leave painful scars within the family, undermining or even destroying personal relationships and kinship solidarity.
Conflits et divorce dans les couples mixtes italo-marocains
No full text Nowday, mixed couples, in Italy, as well as elsewhere in Europe, are a growing phenomenon, directly related to the migration and to the globalization of human mobility. Despite the tendency to choose a foreign spouse, the Italian society continues to look at this marriage ambivalently. Based on ethnographic research on the Italian-Moroccan families, the article specifically address the issues related to the divorce. Thanks to research data it will be possible to highlight how the different positions of the subjects in the conflict produces a different narrative and reconstruction of family and couples crisis and of divorce also we will see how the gender difference produces a different conceptualization of conflict and of divorce
Crisi ecologica e processi di “identizzazione”. L’esempio delle estrazioni petrolifere in Basilicata
No full textIn Agri Valley, Basilicata (Italy), oil companies have opened the largest production of continental Europe.The oil industry is located close to a National Park, in a territory rich of water and landscape resources where there is a very important agricultural tradition.The essay, through field research and the use of extensive archival documentation, seeks to analyze the conflicts and the cultural changes products by the presence of oil companies that have produced a capillary redefinition of cultural identity, here called "identizzazione"
EthnoFilm: cinema-school and ethno-laboratory
No full textThe paper is dedicated to the EthnoFilm educational project in the historical and modern context of visual anthropology. The EthnoFilm project intended as the educational ethnocultural initiative, aimed to attraction of interested youth to ethnographic research and video fixation of the unique cultural phenomena of the peoples of Arctic and Subarctic regions: Nenets, Khanty, Mansi, Komi. The first stage of the project, consisted of lectures and seminars, was considered as development of traditional positions of ethnography as well as visual forms of description of ethnic groups. The courses regarding film production, dramatic art, editing, filming were delivered. The basic attention was paid to individual lessons that had been related to working out of creative sketches and plans of realization of the future films as final works of project's participants. The central stage of the project was the “field film-school”, ethnographic and film practice in the form of expeditions towards the places of residence of the various indigenous communities. During the expeditions the ethnographic material has been gained and first editing of the received materials at portable montage studio has been made. Besides, the film draft version accompanied with a language translation and updating of film details has been showed to protagonists of shootings. This process involved into account the opinion of participants from the national environment. The final stage of the EthnoFilm project was considered as editing of the film almanac. Almanac’s films were united by a project's theme. On another hand, all the films were considered as individual works: the film’s style and content depended upon the chosen characters, environment and author's position
Tra Scilla e Cariddi: diventare adulti in un reparto di medicina
No full text In the article I present some anthropological reflections, with reference to ethnographic material collected on the field, the pediatric ward for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in a Neapolitan university hospital, about the transition rite of diabetic patients who had reached legal age from pediatric services to clinical units for adults. In particular the paper focuses, through the story of Khalid, a young diabetic immigrant of Moroccan origin, on the medical practice of joint outpatient clinic, drawn up to facilitate this complex passage and on the usefulness of a narrative approach to chronic disease in health settings
Strategie d'impresa e processi di etnicizzazione in alcuni percorsi lavorativi di migranti
No full textIn this article I focus on a specific strategy adopted by some entrepreneurs, who have made ethnic business in the fields of fast-food and trade in Naples and surroundings. Some authors have pointed out that globalization has produced the “business of ethnicity” and that often the “ethnicizated” appear on the global market as sellers of their own culture. I will consider, on the one hand, the fact that they belong to transnational communities, and on the other hand, the effects of their activities in the urban context by adapting the supply to a demand for products that can be connoted as exotic or “ethnic”. The working paths of some migrants presented in this paper lead us to reflect on the ethnicization process and how that process can become a way through which people stand on the global market