Online-Journal STAI Sadra (Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Islam)
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MANUSIA DAN KESEMPURNAANNYA : (TELAAH PSIKOLOGI TRANSENDENTAL MULLĀ SHADRĀ)
Full text linkMullā Ṣadrā is one of the philosophers who had considerable attention to the study of human. His view concerning the human soul and its perfection can be applied as the basis of Islamic principles of psychology. Under the investigation on his philosophical writtings as well as his Quranic interpretation, such as Tafsīr al-Qur’ān, we are invited to understand human nature and its perfection. This article shows Ṣadra’s view about the value of knowledge as the basis of the achievement of happiness in human being. This paper also intended to show that knowledge about the reality of the human soul has a major influence on moral action of an individua
NORŪZ:: TREADING TIME, NATURE, FAITH AND CULTURE
Full text linkNorūz, is among the oldest celebrations in history that is still alive and observed by various peoples that historically share Persian culture. This research presents a multifaceted approach to the subject: historical, religious, symbolic and scientific., and is aimed at tracing Norūz in the history, its significance in the setting of an accurate solar calendar, its evolvement in various religious traditions and, eventually, the process of its Islamization. It also provides an analytical account of the “Haft-sīn Spread” – a setting of seven items that are closely associated with the celebration of Norūz – and their symbolic significance
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORY OF HAMZAH FANSURI’S LIFE AND RECOGNITION OF HIS WORKS
Full text linkHamzah Fansuri is an important figure in the history of Islam in Indonesia. He is an important figure who is always discussed within the framework of discussing the dynamics of the development of Islam and Sufism in the archipelago. The purpose of this article is to trace the life history of Hamzah Fansuri. Many researchers have not studied the comprehensive history of Hamzah Fansuri’s life. Researching the life history and basic teachings of a Sufi is very important to understand the biographical background of the development of his teachings and to know the principles of the teachings, through his works. There are two important ways to understand the basic teachings of a Sufi. This article, first, examines general considerations and presents a new construction of Hamzah Fansuri’s intellectual life and career and, second, browse the main teachings of Hamzah Fansuri through his works, using an analytical-descriptive-critical method. This qualitative research uses library research. Data collection was taken from various references from the biography of Hamzah Fansuri. According to the findings of this article, Hamzah Fansuri was born in Samudra Pasai, studied in Singkil, and then traveled to the Middle East via Barus. Returning to the archipelago, he made a career in Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar. Hamzah Fansuri died in Mecca in 1527 AD. Throughout his career, Hamzah Fansuri wrote approximately thirty poems and three works of prose, namely Sharāb al-‘Āshīqīn which describes the process of the spiritual journey, Asrār al-‘Ārifīn which describes the philosophical teachings of Sufism, and al-Muntahī which explains the meaning of Sufi expressions
PHILOSOPHICAL MESSAGES IN TUHAN MAHA ASYIK NOVEL FOR RELIGIOUS INCLUSIVITY
No full textIn Indonesia, there has been a religious trend that emphasizes formality and exclusivity. As a result, conflicts among religious communities or groups within a particular religion are often unavoidable. This case certainly requires solutions, including intellectual solutions. This article explores the philosophical messages of the novel, Tuhan Maha Asyik (God is Fun), written by Sujiwo Tejo and MN. Kamba: contribution to their thought is related to religious attitudes; to get the pre-structure that influences their thought. This article is literature-based research with a hermeneutic approach. The main data source is the novel above, while data collection is done through documentation. The data analysis used is the Verstehen technique. The result shows that according to the novel, worshipping God and practicing His teachings should be based on love, doing good to fellow human beings, and not acting in the name of God to judge others; the ideas contribute to educating the mind and attitude of readers to develop inclusivity in religious life; the ideas are built by authors’ educational background, their life, and their religious tradition which ultimately influence their perspective and concept in understanding the issues of divinity and religiosity. This idea is one of the cultural capitals that needs to be internalized in Indonesian society, especially, to strengthen religious moderation and achieve harmonization in diverse lives
EXISTENTIAL-PHILOSOPHICAL SYMBOLS AND MEANINGS IN THE SUFISTIC ROMAN “GHURBAH AL-GHARBIYAH” SUHRAWARDĪ: A HERMENEUTICAL STUDY
Full text linkSuhrawardī, as the founder of illumination philosophy, has works in the field of literature that have philosophical nuances. Researchers through this article attempt to examine philosophically-hermeneutically the Sufistic Romance of Ghurbah al-Gharbiyah Suhrawardī which has not been extensively studied by researchers including Suhrawardī scholars. The novel is genealogically related to Ḥay bin Yaqẓān by Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Ṭufayl, so it is called the Ḥay bin Yaqẓān trilogy: Avicenna, Ibnu Ṭufayl, and Suhrawardī. Through Ricoeur’s Hermeneutic Approach and Corbin’s Epistemology of Sufistic Imagination, which is used as a research method, researchers intend to interpret the symbols and existential meanings of Ghurbah al-Gharbiyah's novel. The purpose of this study is to interpret the background, symbols, and meaning behind Suhrawardī’s novel. The conclusion of this study: Ghurbah al-Gharbiyah discusses the philosophical theme of human alienation in the world with the use of symbols: the city of Qairawan as the imprisoned phase, the Hudhud bird as the enlightenment phase, and the journey on Mount Sinai during the liberation phase and meeting with the "Light of all Lights". Three phases each characterize today's Sufistic consciousness of man: the experience of alienation, enlightenment, and liberation. On the other hand, this novel is a representation of Suhrawardī's subjective creative imagination (al-quwwah al-khayāliyyah) inspired by prophetic experiences: Prophet Muhammad's Ascension, Prophet Sulaiman's Hudhud bird, and Prophet Musa's Mount Sinai
INTERPRETASI NURCHOLISH MADJID ATAS AYAT-AYAT AL-QUR’AN TENTANG PLURALISME AGAMA
Full text linkThis research aims to reveal the concept of religious pluralism expressed by Nurcholish Madjid in his renewal ideas and Nurcholish Madjid's interpretation of the verses of the Qur’an about religious pluralism is like. This research is library research is research that makes books that discuss the themes studied as a source of data in research. The object to be studied in this research is Nurcholish Madjid. The results of this study indicate that religious pluralism in the idea of Nurcholish Madjid is a plurality of paths leading to one truth, namely the truth of God. This is based on his belief that the One Truth is only God, so only God cannot be more than one, while the path to God as the One Truth certainly varies, according to human ability to obtain and reason information from the procedures to God. Nurcholish Madjid, interprets religious pluralism from two contexts, namely, First, the Indonesian context and modernity. Second, the context of the meaning of the word al-Islām "an attitude of surrender to God" as a meeting point of semitic religions
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MEANING OF WIFE BEATING LICENSE IN THE QUR’AN: TA'WIL AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORD ḌARABA IN SURAH AN-NISĀ’ 34
Full text linkThis article aims to redefine the word ḍaraba in the Qur'an Surah An-Nisā’ 34. Some interpreters and jurists say that beating a wife is permissible if she leaves her obligations as a wife (nushūz) on the condition that it is in the context of education and does not injure or cause injury. Some other interpreters argue that the meaning of ḍaraba is a metaphor, that is, it does not mean hitting. However, this problem does not just end because the understanding of the mufassir who interprets ḍaraba as an order to hit is clear in the language rules, namely literal meaning. Thus, the debate over the license to beat one's wife in Islam is still a polemic and Islam is still imaged as a religion that gives a license to beat one's wife. This image makes it difficult for Islam to harmonize with modern humanism and it becomes almost impossible for ethical values in Islam to be offered as part of the values of modern humanism. This qualitative research examines the literature related to the research focus and interviews religious experts, especially commentators, to solve research problems. Interpretation of the review of the word ḍaraba is carried out through text analysis using a spiritual hermeneutic approach as systematized by Abdul Hadi WM and strengthened by the understanding of religious experts through interviews. The research findings show that the spirit of Surah An-Nisā’ 34 is in accordance with the spirit of humanism, especially regarding emancipation and gender equality. But the meaning of ḍaraba needs to be resolved through spiritual hermeneutics. So, even though it has an ontological basis that is different from modern humanism, Islamic values can be in harmony with modern humanism through this approach.: Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji makna dharaba dalam Al-Qur’an Surat An-Nisa 34. Sebagian penafsir dan ahli fikih mengatakan bahwa pemukulan istri dibolehkan bila meninggalkan kewajibannya sebagai istri (nusyuz) dengan syarat dalam konteks mendidik dan tidak melukai dan tidak berekcek cidera. Sebagian penafsir lainnya berargumen, makna dharaba adalah metafora, yakni bukan berarti memukul. Tetapi problem ini tidak selesai begitu saja karena pemahaman mufassir yang memaknai dharaba sebagai perintah memukul sudah jelas dalam kaidah bahasa yakni bermakna literal. Dengan demikian, perdebatan lisensi memukul istri dalam Islam masih menjadi polemik dan Islam masih dicitrakan sebagai agama yang memberikan lisensi memukul istri. Citra ini membuat Islam kesulitan berharmoni dengan humanisme modern dan menjadi nyaris mustahil nila-nilai etika dalam Islam dapat ditawarkan sebagai bagian dari nilai humanisme modern. Penelitian kualitatif ini mengkaji literature terkait fokus penelitian dan mewawancara para ahli agama, khususnya ahli tafsir untuk menyelesaikan masalah penelitian. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan, semangat Surat An-Nisa 34 sudah sesuai dengan semangat humanisme khsusnya mengenai emansipasi dan kesetaraan jender. Namun makna dharaba perlu diselesaikan melalui hermeneutika eksistensial transcendental. Sehingga, meskipun memiliki basis ontologis yang berbeda dengan humanisme modern namun melalui pendekatan itu, nilai-nilai Islam dapat berharnomi dengan humanisme modern
REDUKSIONISME EKSPLANATIF UNTUK ANTROPOLOGI TRANSENDENTAL JAWĀDĪ ĀMULĪ
Full text linkThis article explains how an explanatory reductionism theory can be applied to the integration of various disciplines in Jawādī Āmulī’s transcendent anthropology. The author explores some extent of possibility and certain forms of application of explanatory reductionism for such transcendent anthropology. The author uses Ricoeurian hermeneutics method to emphasize distantiation, interpretation, and appropriation. It concludes that, first, Jawādī Āmulī attempts to implement certain forms of an explanatory reductionism in integrating philosophy, ‘irfān, and Quranic exegesis. Second, reductionism can be applied in the integration of various disciplines of knowledge for constructing transcendent anthropology which is approached through the objective effects of human existence in the material universe
THE ONTOLOGICAL CAPTURE OF REASON AND REVELATION: TOWARD A SYNTHESIZING APPROACH OF IBN ‘ARABĪ AND MULLĀ ṢADRĀ
Full text linkReason and revelation are a topic that is debated by many parties to determine the position and superiority between reason and revelation. There are differences of opinion among thinkers regarding the position of reason and revelation. This debate has also attracted the attention of many Islamic thinkers, including Islamic philosophers. This paper explores the ontological capture of reason and revelation debate by two of the most prominent Sufi philosophers, Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā. This research employs a literature review as a research methodology, with an emphasis on synthesis and integration. Through this research, it can be concluded that Ibn ‘Arabī’s and Mullā Ṣadrā’s ontological perspectives have deconstructed theological and epistemological disagreements between rationalists who place reason above revelation and their traditionalist opponents. Ibn ‘Arabī’s theory of creative imagination unveils the ontological order of reason and revelation, whereas Mullā Ṣadrā’s theories of tashkīk (gradation of being) and the union of the knower and the known during the production of knowledge (or to be more precise, the union of intellect and intelligible during intellection) consistently place reason and revelation not in opposing sides but rather in a single gradational existence. Both Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā have broken the theological and epistemological vicious cycle by introducing ontological interventions into the debate. Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā may or may not have intended to participate in the polemic; as a result, these outcomes were rarely mentioned in the historical context of the ideas
Pemahaman Masyarakat Dalam Melakukan Upaya Preventif Penyebaran Covid-19 Melalui Rekonseptualisasi Nilai-Nilai Qada Dan Qadar
Full text linkThis study aims to explain how the conditions and climate of people's understanding of qaḍā’ and qadar in the context of the current pandemic, especially in the Pereng hamlet community, Ngasin Balongpanggang, Gresik village, which is still widely misunderstood by several layers of the general public. this is the initial basis in making efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 (Corona Virus Diseases-19) through reconceptualization of the values of qada and qadar. This research uses descriptive qualitative, namely analyzing and presenting facts systematically, so that it can be easier to understand and conclude. While the data sources are divided into two, namely primary is the original source of data obtained directly from the object of research in order to obtain definite data and secondary, data obtained in the literature by looking for information and data in the form of journals, books, and social media concerned. with public awareness in carrying out efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The results of the study are that there is still a lot of destruction of meaning about qada and qadar in people's understanding which is motivated by animism and dynamism belief systems that have been held by their ancestors in the past, so that Covid-19 is then very susceptible to being transmitted from one muslim to another.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kondisi dan iklim pemahaman masyarakat mengenai qada dan qadar dalam konteks di tengah pandemi saat ini, khususnya pada masyarakat dusun pereng desa Ngasin Balongpanggang Gresik yang masih banyak disalahpahami oleh beberapa lapisan masyarakat awam. hal ini sebagai basic awal dalam melakukan upaya preventif penyebaran covid-19 (Corona Virus Diseases-19) melalui rekonseptualisasi nilai-nilai qada dan qadar. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif, yakni menganalisis dan menyajikan fakta secara sistematis, sehingga dapat lebih mudah untuk dipahami dan disimpulkan. Sedangkan sumber data dibagi menjadi dua, yakni primer adalah sumber data asli yang didapatkan secara langsung dari objek penelitian agar mendapatlan data yang pasti dan Sekunder, data yang diperoleh secara literatur dengan mencari informasi dan data berupa jurnal, buku-buku, dan media sosial yang bersangkutan dengan kesadaran masyarakat dalam melakukan upaya preventif penyebaran covid-19. Hasil penelitian adalah masih banyak sekali perusakan makna mengenai qada dan qadar dalam pemahaman masyarakat yang dilatarbelakangi oleh sistem kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme yang pernah dipegang oleh nenek moyang mereka pada masa lalu, sehingga Covid-19 kemudian sangat rentan menular dari satu muslim ke muslim yang lai