Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar: E-Journals
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EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF PRIVATIZATION PROCESS IN PAKISTAN: EVIDENCE FROM STATISTICAL EXPERIENCE
Get PDFWhy privatization processes fall short to deliver expected result in Pakistan. To answer this question, current study aims is to examine the privatization process in the Pakistan. The privatization process is dividing into four sections, privatization policy, buyer selection in the privatization process, assets evaluation and the factors affecting the development after privatization. The main objective of the study is to see the influence of development after privatization on the relationship between privatization policy, buyer selection in the privatization process, assets Evaluation and Privatization process improvement. Detailed survey based on the structured questionnaire is enquired through random sampling technique. Structured Equation Model (SEM) has been used for making an analysis. The finding of the study concludes that development process privatization mediates the between privatization policy, buyer selection in the privatization process, assets Evaluation and Privatization process improvement. Â The findings of the study advocate that the privatization policy, buyer selection process, assets evaluation methods must be in line with the objective of government and line ministry. This effort may help for getting the optimum level of result from privatization process
AN INVESTIGATION OF ELITE OFFICIALS\u27S PERCEPTION REGARDING REFEREE AND GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFBackground: The main purpose of this study was an investigation of elite official’s perception regarding referee and general self-Efficacy in Pakistan. Methods: The sample of this study was male referees (n=250) and female referees (n=47) selected from different four sports federations: Athletics male (n=67) and female (n=20), Football male (n=85) and female (n=2), Volleyball male (n=53) and female (n=20) and Hockey male (n=45) and female (n=5) from Pakistan. Referee self-Efficacy (REFS) and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale were used to measure the variables. Results: The results of independent sample t-test revealed that there was a significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, game knowledge, decision making, pressure and referee self-efficacy accordingly to gender status. The ANOVA results of athletics, football, volleyball and hockey revealed that there was significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, pressure, communication, GSE. The results of ANOVA, (least significant difference test LSD) revealed that there was significant difference between athletics and volleyball, football and volleyball accordingly physical fitness variable. Accordingly pressure variable results revealed that there was significant difference between, football and hockey. Communication variable results revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference between athletics and hockey, football and volleyball, volleyball and hockey. The total score of (GSE) results revealed that there was significant (p<.05) difference between athletics and football, athletics and hockey and volleyball and hockey. The Correlation coefficients between all variables were positive and significant relationship each other. Conclusion: The results concluded that male referee and technical officials have high (mean score) of all variables than female, results also indicated that athletics technical officials have high level of referee and general self-efficacy than football, volleyball and hockey official’s
DECODING RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION: A FOCUS ON PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
Get PDFThe primary aim of study was to decode risk management practices in Pakistani financial institutions. A 5 Likert Scale questionnaire was adopted for the assessment of various characteristics of risk management: i.e. risk identification (RI), risk monitoring (RM), risk assessment and analysis (RAA), risk management practices (RMP), credit risk analysis (CRA) and liquidity risk analysis (LRA). A total of four hundred questionnaires were distributed and three hundred and eighteen had been properly returned from the banking institutions operating in Pakistan. Various analytical models such as Pearson correlation and Regression model was used for evaluation. The outcome from analysis illustrates that in Pakistan Banking institutions are resourceful in monitoring and understanding of credit risk analysis. To achieve higher performance and revenue streams, banking institutions are advised to adopt rigorous risk management practices. Bank employees need sufficient financial education to enable them to perform risk management practices and gain a competitive market position
FACTORS INFLUENCING DIGITAL PAYMENTS ADOPTION IN PAKISTAN
No full textDigital payments are the financial transactions enabled through digital technologies and bear the huge potential to bring change in the social life of unbanked masses in developing and developed countries. However, a challenge encountered among developing countries is the insignificant adoption of digital payments caused by different factors of human, technological, economic and legal nature. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to empirically examine the factors that influence consumers’ adoption of digital payments in Pakistan by employing information systems theory. A better understanding of these factors can help policymakers to develop policy instruments they can implement to increase the adoption of digital payments in Pakistan. A survey was conducted to collect data. A simple random sampling technique was used. The data was analyzed using Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (VB-SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. Performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and grievance redressal were the significant predictors of citizen’s use intention and lead to use behaviour. Interestingly, a 62.6% variance in behavioural intention and 55.9% in use behaviour of digital payments has been found. Future researchers should investigate the adoption of digital payments on a large population to find concrete evidence and greater insights
A STUDY REGARDING THE PREVAILING OF STRESS AMONG THE COLLEGE PLAYER IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Get PDFThis study aimed to explore the prevailing level of stress among male and female college players. All the college players of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa formulated the population of the study of which a sample of 490 was drawn having 50% male and 50% female subjects. A research tool-questionnaire was developed with the help of literature, which was pilot tested having Cronbach alpha value as 0.870 before lunching in the field. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data analysis revealed that the college players feel stress due to various reasons i.e. domination of opponents, self-poor performance and team, commitment of mistake, no cooperation among the team members, biased decision of the referee, competitions of vital importance, poor fitness level and expectation of people. It is concluded that the college players experience major stress as mental stress, psychological stress and emotional stress. The responses of male and female college players were compared and their expression regarding stress was almost similar. It is proposed that proper guidance and counseling services can be made beneficial for college players in order to overcome or minimize the stress and enhance the performance
ROLE OF AGILITY AND DYNAMIC BALANCE IN PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF PAKISTAN
Get PDFThe aim of the present study is to measure and highlight the role of agility and dynamic balance in performance of university football players. The sample size (n-250) of football players was randomly selected from universities of district Faisalabad. The age group of subjects was ranged between 17 to 27 years. Data was collected from two diverse scales such as Illinois Agility Test for agility and Bass Test for dynamic balance. Descriptive statistics (Mean and standard deviation) and inferential analysis (chi-squire and t-test) were employed as statistical approaches. The agility test scores revealed that overall universities football players were below the required standards such as approximately 70% of athletes failed to reach satisfactory scores. Findings indicated that the balance and agility among gender revealed significant differences. Results revealed that females attained more agility than males. The balance results exposed that overall university football players were found above average and satisfactory to reach their required level of balance. The findings overall concluded that with agility and dynamic balance, university football players may be competed at their best in national as well as international level competitions
ATTITUDES FACED BY PROFESSIONAL AND STUDENT WOMEN ATHLETES UPON THEIR PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS
Get PDFBackground: The study was conducted to explore the relationship between attitudes related to gender script, threaten/harassed, getups, male interaction, and jealousy, and sports participation of professional and student women athletes. The present research was quantitative approach in nature. The response rate from 247 respondents including 120 professional sports women and 127 female student athletes (GC University Faisalabad) was noted beyond 300 sample size. For the purpose of data collection, structured survey questionnaire was developed. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis statistical approaches through SPSS-25 were applied to edit and further analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that attitudes (gender script, threaten/harassed, getups, male interaction, and jealousy) faced by women athletes had significant relationship with sports participation. Results indicated that gender script, threaten/harassed, getups, male interaction, and jealousy had significant effect on sports participation of professional and student women athletes in determining women’s status in society. It was concluded that sports women are threated/harassed with other ground realities such as gender script and dominance, getups, male interaction, and jealousy in the way of their participation in sports. There is a need of campaign in Pakistani society for the equal rights of women in sports. Female coaches should also be hired to lead the sports women because they feel easy with them and it will reduce women’s exploitation and hesitation and expand the participation in sports in future
ROLE OF SPORTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED MOOD PROFILE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ATHLETES HAVING DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES
Get PDFBackground: Role of sports in the development of mood states or association between sports participation and different mood state is a topic debate for decades (Vitale, La Torre, Baldassarre, Piacentini, & Bonato, 2017). The main purpose of the study was role of sports in the development of selected mood profile: a comparative study of athletes having different demographic attributes. The hypotheses of the study were there is significant gender wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile, there is significant coaching style wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile, there is significant playing environment wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile and there is significant individual vs. team sports difference in selected mood profile of athletes. Methods: Total 1430 elite athletes were entertained using available sampling technique. Modified version of profile of mood states (POMs) was used as an instrument. Results: The researcher found that female score significantly better than male athletes in tension, depression anger, fatigue and confusion but not in vigor as well as athletes having supportive coach score better in total mood disturbance than athletes having controlling coach. Conclusions: The researcher concluded that the athlete who practicing in hot environment score better in total mood disturbance than athletes who played in cool environment. As well as the athletes from individual sports score better in total mood disturbance than team sports participant. The researcher recommended that the athletes should get special attention from the coach with special reference to psychological management of the athletes. The athletes should participate in individual sports to avoid tension depression and other psychological problems.  Â
A STUDY REGARDING THE COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS AMONG COLLEGE PLAYERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA- PAKISTAN
Get PDFThere is wide recognition that stress has close association with sports and subsequently with athletes and players. This very fact formulated the basis to investigate the “Coping strategies of stress adopted by College players of Khyber Pakhtunkhwaâ€. For the purpose literature and related researches were reviewed and descriptive, quantitative, and non-contrived survey was conducted. All college players of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the population of the study in which a sample of 490 was drawn having 50% male and 50% female subjects. A research tool-questionnaire was developed and pilot tested having Cronbach alpha value as 0.87. The data was collected in person and analyzed through SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data analysis revealed that college players use different strategies to manage their stress such as keeping busy in physical activities, warm up exercises, taking up long breathing exercise and talking to team mates. The responses of male and female college players were compared and their expression regarding coping mechanism was almost similar. On the bases of conclusions of the study, it is proposed that proper guidance and counseling services can make beneficial contribution in order to overcome or minimize the stress and to enhance their performance
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE
Get PDFABSTRACT: The investigation aims to know the possible impact of Job Satisfaction (JS) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), while taking Organizational Justice (OJ) as a mediating variable. Four areas of JS, five areas of OCB and four dimensions of OJ are analyzed in the study. Population includes personnel working in privately owned banks located in Malakand Division, Pakistan. Sample size is 260 but only 153 responses were received and recorded. The results showed a direct impact of JS on OCB i.e. 48%; the effects on OJ due to JS is 71%, the effects of OJ on OCB gave a result of 58%; while the effects of JS on OCB, being mediated by OJ are 31%