Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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A Study on Role of Antenatal Care in Pregnancy Outcome in Tertiary Health Care Centre, Hyderabad
No full textBackground: Antenatal care (ANC) and regular antenatal visits are one of the interventions that have the potential to improve both maternal and child survival. The utilization of antenatal services remains less than 60% in India. The study aimed to find out the association between ANC visits and pregnancy outcome.Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 antenatal women in a tertiary care centre over a period of 3 months. After taking informed consent data was collected by interviewer technique using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Questionnaire includes information related to socio-demographic variables, number of ANC visits, delivery outcome (normal/ LSCS) low birth weight, stillbirths, and abortions. Thus, collected data was entered in excel and analyzed using epi info 7.22.6. The bivariate analysis was the chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used to study the association between delivery outcome and its covariates. Logistic regression was also done to see the association between ANC visits and Low birth weight and stillbirths.Results: Out of 59 women who had less than 4 ANC visits had more number of abortions (18.6%) (OR= 32.08; CI 95%= 4.03 to 255.07; p<0.001), low birth weights (52.5%) (OR= 4.46; CI 95%= 2.31 to 8.62; p= 0.001), still births (8.5%) (OR= -1.00; CI 95%= -1 to -0.001 p=0.001), out of 22 illiterate mothers 16 of them had poor pregnancy outcomes (p= 0.002) and first ANC visit during first trimester had less complications (p <0.001). Binary logistic regression revealed significant association between delivery outcome and Socio-economic status (OR= 2.14; CI 95%= -1.47 to 3.13; p<0.001) as well as frequency of ANC visits (OR= 0.65; CI 95%= 0.55 to 0.77; p<0.001). Significant association was also observed between ANC visits and Low birth weight (OR= 0.52; CI 95%= -0.43 to 0.62; p <0.001). Logistic regression between ANC visits and stillbirths/abortion showed significant association (OR= 0.36 (CI 95%= -0.23 to 0.55; p<0.001).Conclusion: The study shows that less than 4 ANC visits, illiteracy increases the risk of poor pregnancy outcome. Women who had their first ANC visits during first trimester had less complications.Keywords: antenatal care, pregnancy outcomes, socio-demographic factors.Correspondence: K. Bhavani. Department of Community Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 9502710778.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 653-661https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.04
Effect of Antenatal Betamethasone and Dexamethasone on Maternal Blood Glucose Levels, Fetal Movement, Nst Parameters, and Umbilical Artery Doppler
No full textBackground: The rationale of the study is to establish the time duration of recovery of disturbed sugar values and NST parameters following steroid administration and which drug has a lesser rate of hyperglycemia and lesser disturbance of DFMC and NST parameters, so as to advocate better drugs for fetal lung maturity. This study aims to compare the changes in maternal serum glucose levels, daily fetal movement count, NST parameters, and umbilical artery doppler following Betamethasone and Dexamethasone administration in antenatal women.Subjects and Method: The study design is a prospective observational cohort study. 100 pregnant patients, were recruited into 2 equal groups who received Betamethasone and Dexamethasone in Obstetrics & Gynaecology department, MLN Medical College, Prayagraj. The independent variables are Age, Gravidity, and BMI while the dependent variables are postprandial blood sugar values, Daily Fetal Movement Count, Fetal Heart Rate, Non-Stress Test Parameters, and Doppler Flow Velocimetry of the Umbilical artery. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, while, for continuous variables T-test was used. Study instruments include Glucometer, Cardiotocography, and Ultrasound.Results: Significant changes in the glycemic profile and fetal movements were noted. The mean ± SD glucose rise after 24 hrs in Group A (Mean= 140.10; SD= 35.90) and group B (Mean= 113.26; SD= 27.90), with p<0.001. 54% and 24% women perceived reduced fetal movements (p = 0.002) while 14% and 12% women had reduced variability on NST (p = 0.766) in Group A and Group B respectively, with 66.6% and 85.71% showing reduced flow on Doppler.Conclusion: Antenatal Betamethasone as well as Dexamethasone administration causes significant changes in maternal hyperglycemia, FHR, and DFMC at 24hrs while changes were non-significant in NST parameters and Doppler. Maternal hyperglycemia resolved within 72hrs with a resolution of decreased fetal movement perception. Umbilical artery flow decreased 24 hrs following steroid administration with more profound changes with betamethasone.Keywords: Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, hyperglycemia, fetal heartrate, variabilityCorrespondence: Dr. Vidhi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, MLN Medical College, Prayagraj. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(03): 316-325https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.03.08
Rising Trends of Cesarean Section in Bangladesh: Associated Factors and Long-Term Complications on Health of Mother and Children
No full textBackground: With taking into consideration of the high cesarean section (CS) rate, the objectives of this study were to ascertain factors associated with and point out metamorphose complications with high CS rates in Bangladesh.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study accounted for data collection from rural (196) and urban (241) women who gave birth to babies between 2005 and 2018 in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The study subjects were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique and the sample size was determined by using web-based Raosoft software. The delivery modes were dependent variables whereas influential factors and complications related to delivery were independent variables. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-structured questionnaire. The height and weight of the participants were measured by using a stadiometer and weighing machine respectively. Data analysis was done by using regression analysis.Results: The results divulged that mingling of relative influence and doctor’s profit-making tendency, obstetric factors, and demand from a family with higher socioeconomic status contributed to the recent increased cesarean rate in urban areas (41.5%). The distended abdomen in mothers (OR= 5.11, 95% CI= 2.98 to 8.76) was strongly associated with CS (p< 0.05), and back pain, and urinary incontinence were about one and half times higher in CS mothers. However, miscarriage and pelvic organ prolapse were associated with decreased risks of CS. Postnatal complications include cold fever (OR= 11.95, 95% CI= 7.02 to 20.35), and pneumonia (OR= 5.79; 95% CI= 2.71 to 12.36) were highly prevalent in children with cesarean delivery.Conclusion: Cesarean section has become alarmingly increased in urban rather than rural areas of Bangladesh in recent decays. Awareness-raising, doctor commitment, government policy, and strict monitoring of private health facilities are needed to control high rates of cesarean delivery.Keywords: cesarean delivery; vaginal delivery; demographic factors; obstetric factors; postpartum complications.Correspondence: Md. Altaf Hossain, Department of Animal Resources Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Telephone: +8201098532108; Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 532-542https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.04
Association Between Food Plastic Packaging and Dysmenorrhea in Female Adolescents
No full textBackground: Most women experience certain pain and difficulty during menstruation or what is known as dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological problem and is the most frequently reported chief complaint in women. Dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during menstruation. The use of plastic as food and beverage packaging is still a commonly used in the community. Plastic contains several compounds, including phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA) which have potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Menstruation and dysmenorrhea are closely related to hormonal system disorders. This study aims to analyze the relationship between food plastic exposure and the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescents.Subjects and Method: The design in this study is observational analytic with a cohort approach. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga with a population of midwifery students. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 149 subjects. The dependent variable was. dysmenorrhea. The independent variable was food plastic exposure. The instruments used were a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire and a food plastic exposure questionnaire. The data collection was taken in 2 menstrual cycles. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.Results: The results showed that 71.8% of the subjects experienced moderate level of exposure to food plastic. Dysmenorrhea reported that 128 subjects (86%) had dysmenorrhea. In VAS assess-ment, most of the subjects which was 43% experienced mild pain. This study showed that there was a relationship between exposure to plastic food and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents (p= 0.049).Conclusion: There is a relationship between exposure to plastic food and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.Keywords: Plastics, BPA, Phthalates, EDCs, Dysmenorrhea.Correspondence: Pudji Lestari. Department of Public Health and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Uni-versitas Airlangga. Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, East Java. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(01): 75-81https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.01.08
Relationships between Smoking, Age, Body Mass Index, and Abstinence with DNA Fragmentation Index in Male Infertile Patients
No full textBackground: Infertility increases annually, by 0.370% in women and 0.291% in men. One of the causes of male infertility is idiopathic in the form of cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, obesity, psychological stress, old age, dietary factors, and exposure to toxins in the environment or work. These factors can cause oxidative stress that can lead to sperm DNA damage or sperm DNA fragmentation as measured through the DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). So this study to analyzed about the relationship between smoking, age, Body Mass Index, and abstinence period with DNA Fragmentation Index in infertile patient.Subjects and Method: This type of research is observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at the Sekar Clinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. A total of 35 subjects of male infertility patients performed DNA examinations of sperm fragmentation. Inde¬pendent variables: smoking, age, body mass index (BMI), and abstinence. Dependent variable: DFI. Data is collected using medical records and analyzed using SPSS applications through uni-variate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).Results: Smoking (OR= 0.68; 95% CI= 0.52 to 2.23; p= 0.636), age (OR= 17.33; 95% CI=31.06 to 35.05; p= 0.003), BMI (OR= 1.47; 95% CI= 24.20 to 26.52; p = 0.58), abstinence (OR= 5.67, 95% CI =3.76 to 4.69; p=0.02). Results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression at age (OR= 13.62; 95% CI =1.42 to 130.60; p=0.024), and abstinence (OR= 3.94; 95% CI= 0.84 to 21.58; p= 0.114).Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and abstinence to DFI. There is no relationship between smoking and BMI against DFI.Keywords: smoking, age, body mass index, abstinence, DNA fragmentation indeCorrespondence: Atifa Nadira Ediningtyas. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08112630104.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(04): 398-406https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.04.04
The Effectiveness of Acupressure Points PC-6 and SP-3 on the Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Pregnant Women
No full textBackground: Handling of nausea and vomiting in first trimester mothers (emesis gravidarum) is mostly still using pharmacological therapy, even though there is a simple event by using massage at acupuncture points to treat emesis gravidarum. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of PC-6 and SP-3 acupressure on emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This study is a quasi-experimental research design using a control group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted in July-August 2021. The population in this study were all pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting in the 1st trimester in the Nurobo Health Center Work area, Malacca Regency. A total of 40 pregnant women in the 1st trimester were used as samples which were divided into 4 groups of 10 people each, namely group 1 (PC-6 acupressure), group 2 (SP-3 acupressure), group 3 (combination of PC-6 and SP-3 acupressure), and group 4 or control group (vitamin B6). The sample was selected by consecutive sampling technique. Data analysis using Wilcoxon Rank-Test and Paired T-Test.Results: After intervention of accupressure in PC-6 point, SP-3 point, or combination of both PC-6 and SP-3 reduced frequency of vomiting and nausea and duration of nausea. Conclusion: accupressure in PC-6 point, SP-3 point, or combination of both PC-6 and SP-3 reduce frequency of vomiting and nausea and duration of nausea in pregnant women.Keywords: emesis gravidarum, PC-6 acupressure, SP-3 acupressureCorrespondence: Matilda Bupu Ria. Midwifery Study Program, Intitute Health Sciences Maranatha, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Email: matildabupuria[email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(02): 138-147https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.02.03
Meta-Analysis: Are Acupressure and Birthing Ball Exercise Associated with Labor Pain?
No full textBackground: Management of pain in labor is identified as one of the most important topics related to pregnancy and childbirth. Acupressure and birthing ball exercise are one of the non-pharmacological methods of managing labor pain to help mothers cope with the labor process. This management can relieve pain sensations by increasing the woman's well-being, comfort, and sense of control in labor. This study aims to estimate the effect of acupressure and birthing ball exercise on labor pain.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted using PRISMA flow diagrams. Search articles through journal databases including: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Schoolar and SpingerLink by selecting articles published in 2010-2021. The keywords used are (“labor pain” OR labor pain) “AND (“acupressure” OR “acupressure hegu”) AND (“birthing ball” OR “birthing ball exercise”) AND “randomized controlled trial”. Inclusion criteria were full paper articles with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) research methods, the size of the relationship used with Mean SD, the intervention given was acupressure and birthing ball exercise, research subjects were mothers in the first stage of active labor. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: Meta-analysis of 16 articles showed results for acupressure (SMD -1.29; 95% CI= -2.35 to 0.24; p=0.02) and birthing ball exercise (SMD -0.73; 95% CI= -1.56 to 0.11; p=0.09).Conclusion: Acupressure and birthing ball exercise each have an effect on reducing labor pain.Keywords: Acupressure, birthing ball exercise, labor painCorrespondence: Susiana Yuni Astuti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 5712, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Mobile: 081390940681.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(01): 9-21https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.01.02
Women's Responsibilities in Choosing Injectable Family Planning in Timor Tengah Selatan District
No full textBackground: Injectable contraception is the most popular contraceptive method in Indonesia with a user percentage of 63.71% of the coverage of modern family planning users. In addition to the benefits and practicality of its use, this method also has various negative impacts that can endanger the health of the acceptor. This study aims to explore and describe the acceptor's response to the negative impacts experienced as a form of responsibility for the health of the acceptor.Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using descriptive qualitative method with triagulation analysis technique that connects empirical facts. The dependent variable is injectable family planning. The independent variables are responsibility, patriarchal culture, and decision making. The study was conducted on 18 informants who are injection family planning acceptors in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency.Results: The informants do not mind experiencing the negative impacts of using injectable contraceptives and prioritize the benefits and practicality of their use. The low level of education of informants is a problem in receiving and digging information. Limited access to information is also hindered by the lack of infrastructure to reach health facilities. The high pressure of patriarchal culture is one of the decision-making factors and the high number of injecting family planning users.Conclusion: The acceptor's lack of information regarding the contraceptive method used is a barrier in responding to the negative impacts experienced. Keywords: women's responsibility, injectable family planningCorrespondence: Putu Sri Rahayu. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285338760005.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(03): 261-267https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.03.03
The Effect of Chest Physiotherapy on Children's Quality of Life with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Pneumonia at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta
No full textBackground: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a malignancy that is the most common form of leukemia found in children, accounting for about 30 percent of all pediatric cancer. The incidence of pneumonia is often found in children undergoing treatment for ALL. Complications of ALL and the side effects of its treatment can affect children’s quality of life. This study aimed to the effect of chest physiotherapy on children's quality of life with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and pneumonia.Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment study conducted at the pediatric ward of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, from February to August 2021. A number of 60 children aged 2-18 years with lymphoblastic leukemia and pneumonia was selected for this study. These children were divided into two groups, (1) 30 children with chest physiotherapy (intervetion group) and (2) 30 children received standard care (control group). Patients and parents were asked to fill out a quality of life assessment using the PedsQLTM 4.0 generic module. Mean difference of quality of life before and after chest physiotherapy between intervention and control group was examined using independent t test.Results: After intervention of chest physiotherapy, quality of life score in the intervention group (Mean= 68.91; SD= 12.30) was higher than control group (Mean= 60.12; SD= 7.72), with p= 0.002.Conclusion: Chest physiotherapy improves the quality of life in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and pneumonia.Keywords: quality of life, chest physiotherapy, pneumonia.Correspondence: Aisya Fikritama Aditya. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Jl. Kolonel Sutarto 132, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: 081325139992. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(02): 203-213https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.02.09
Association between Women’s Empowerment and Other Socio-Demographic and Nutritional Factors on Stunting among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months: Data from 2016 EDHS
No full textBackground: Stunting is the most prevalent form of malnutrition in children under five years of age in Ethiopia. Evidence supporting women’s impact on reducing child stunting is limited. Ithis study aimed to examine the association between women’s empowerment and socio-demographic factors on stunting among children aged 6 to 59 months.Subjects and Method: The study used the EDHS 2016 dataset. Children aged 6-59 months whose mothers (aged 15-49 years) were living with their husbands at the time of the survey were included. We enrolled 8,496 mother and child pairs. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between child stunting and the predictors. Data analyses were employed using SPSS Version 22.Results: Around 2,624 (31%) of the mothers were 25 to 29 years old. In the 12 months before the survey, around 45% (3,806) of the mothers were employed; 2,072 (54%) of them had seasonal jobs, and the 1,734 (45%) remaining mothers had full-time employment. Among employed mothers, about 50.5% (1,921) had not received payment for their work. Household wealth index (AOR= 1.9; 95% CI= 1.44 to 2.73) and maternal height (AOR= 1.9; 95% CI= 1.28 to 2.82), and having a boy child (AOR= 1.3; 95%CI= 1.08 to 1.46) is more liked associating with stunting. But maternal attitude towards wife-beating (AOR= 1.1; 95% CI= 0.89 to 1.26) had no association with it.Conclusion: children born from the poorest households, low maternal height (<145cm), and male sex have increased risk of stunting. Lastly, Mothers' economic and socio-familial empowerment do not predict the risk of child stunting.Keywords: stunting, empowerment, women, Ethiopian demographic health survey.Correspondence: Yirgalem Shibiru Baruda. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 630-641https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.02