Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi UM Metro (Universitas Muhammadiyah)
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Two Bayesian tests of the GLOMOsys Model
No full textPriming is arguably one of the key phenomena in contemporary social psychology. Recent retractions and failed replication attempts have led to a division in the field between proponents and skeptics and have reinforced the importance of confirming certain priming effects through replication. In this study, we describe the results of 2 preregistered replication attempts of 1 experiment by Förster and Denzler (2012). In both experiments, participants first processed letters either globally or locally, then were tested using a typicality rating task. Bayes factor hypothesis tests were conducted for both experiments: Experiment 1 (N = 100) yielded an indecisive Bayes factor of 1.38, indicating that the in-lab data are 1.38 times more likely to have occurred under the null hypothesis than under the alternative. Experiment 2 (N = 908) yielded a Bayes factor of 10.84, indicating strong support for the null hypothesis that global priming does not affect participants' mean typicality ratings. The failure to replicate this priming effect challenges existing support for the GLOMOsys model. (PsycINFO Database Record</p
Different strategies in the biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
No full textIn dit proefschrift staan zeldzame endocriene tumoren centraal en beschrijven we de verbetering van bestaande laboratorium bepalingen die gebruikt worden bij de diagnostiek van patiënten met dergelijke tumoren en de ontwikkeling van nieuwe laboratorium methoden. Een feochromocytoom is een voorbeeld van zo’n zeldzame tumor in de bijnier die hormoonstoffen (catecholamines) maakt. De afbraak stoffen hiervan zijn te bepalen in het bloed en in de urine als metanefrine en normetanefrine. We hebben aangetoond dat bij patiënten die een enkele of dubbelzijdige bijnierverwijdering ondergaan, de concentratie van deze hormoonstoffen in het bloed verhoogd (normetanefrines) of verlaagd is (metanefrines) en de normaalwaarden moeten worden aangepast. Ook blijkt bij gebruik van een zeer gevoelige laboratoriummethode, de bepaling van plasma metanefrine en normetanefrine niet te worden beïnvloed door het gebruik van veel voorgeschreven bloeddruk verlagende middelen. Daarnaast beschrijven we de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe manier om deze hormoonstoffen in speeksel te bepalen. Deze methode is vooral aantrekkelijk voor kinderen omdat het in plaats van bloedafname kan worden gebruikt. Een andere zeldzame endocriene tumor die we hebben onderzocht is het hoofd-hals paraganglioom. Hoofd-hals pargangliomen bevinden zich in het hoofd-hals gebied en ontstaan uit dezelfde soort cellen als het feochromocytoom. Bij deze tumoren wordt slechts bij 28% van de patiënten een verhoogde productie van catecholamines vastgesteld. Bij patiënten met deze tumoren hebben we een nieuwe hormoonbepaling getest, de dopamine concentratie in bloedplaatjes. Deze nieuwe bepaling bleek gevoeliger dan de methode (plasma 3-methoxytyramine) die tot nu toe wordt gebruikt, maar kan op dit moment deze bepaling nog niet vervangen.The main theme of this thesis are rare neuroendocrine tumors and we describe the optimization of the current laboratory methods that are used in the diagnostic procedure for patients with a pheochromocytoma and the development of new diagnostic laboratory methods. Pheochromocytoma are rare neuroendocrine tumors that derive from the adrenal gland and secrete catecholamines. The metabolic end-products of the catecholamines can be measured as metanephrine and normetanephrine in plasma and urine. We showed that patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy had a higher concentration of plasma normetanephrine and a lower concentration of plasma metanephrine. We recommend the use of adapted laboratory reference values in these patients. In addition, we have shown that the concentration of metanephrine and normetanephrine in plasma is not affected by commonly used blood pressure lowering medication, when determined with a very sensitive laboratory method. Furthermore, we studied the determination of metanephrines and normetanephrines in saliva, which could be useful in the future for children. In addition to patients with pheochromocytoma, we also studied patients with head and neck paragangliomas. Head and neck paragangliomas are located in the head and neck region and consist of the same cells as pheochromocytomas. In only 28% of patients with these tumors an increased production of catecholamines is found. Therefore, we tested the sensitivity of a new marker, the dopamine concentration in blood platelets, in patients with these tumors. The new marker was more sensitive than the current method, 3-methoxytyramine in plasma, but not sensitive enough to replace it
Peer influence on protest participation:Communication and trust between co-workers as inhibitors or facilitators of mobilization
No full textIn this article, we investigate how communication and trust networks between employees affect participation in a strike. We analyze whether the strength of network relations is related to congruence in strike behavior using social network data on 59 Dutch workers. We find that private communication networks and trust networks lead to similar strike behavior. This finding indicates that networks not only promote protest mobilization but are also vehicles for demobilization, albeit through different network relations
Managing all quarters of the compass?:How internally oriented managerial networking moderates the impact of environmental turbulence on organizational performance
No full textThe present study seeks to answer the question how, and to what extent, environmental turbulence—measured as percentage change in the number of pupils—affects organizational performance. We examine how different managerial networking orientations moderate the effect of percentage change in number of pupils on school performance. We hypothesize that percentage change in the number of pupils negatively affects school performance. We further hypothesize that different managerial networking orientations moderate the effect of percentage change in the number of pupils on school performance. The hypotheses are tested on a dataset of Dutch primary schools (n = 546), which includes information about school principals, school characteristics, and school performance. Results of the analyses show that our measure of environmental turbulence negatively affects school performance. Moreover, internally oriented networking activities (team involvement and networking for coproduction), rather than externally oriented networking activities, attenuate the negative effect of environmental turbulence on school performance
Identification of emotional and behavioral problems by teachers in children with developmental coordination disorder in the school community
No full textCurrent evidence on the co-occurrence of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and psychosocial problems mainly concerns parent-reported information, but rarely includes teacher information. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the teachers' identification of emotional and behavioral problems in children with DCD and (2) to examine the performance of the teacher version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-T) compared with the Teacher Report Form (TRF) in children with DCD. We assessed primary school children (202 boys, 200 girls, range 4-10.8 years, mean age 7.2 years) for DCD following the DSM IV-TR criteria. Emotional and behavioral problems were measured with the TRF (n=327) and the SDQ-T (n=361). DCD was established in 23 (5.7%) children, 16 boys and 7 girls (mean age 7.0 years). Children with DCD had a higher proportion of clinical scores on both the TRF Total Problem Scale (TRF TPS) and SDQ-T Total Difficulties Score (SDQ-T TDS). Children with DCD had increased odds on the TRF domains Thought (odds ratio, OR: 5.39), Externalizing (OR: 4.12) and Internalizing (OR: 4.42) problems, and on all SDQ-T-domains and Total Difficulties score (OR: 7.30). In the DCD group the SDQ-T TDS correlated strongly (Spearman's rho 0.80) with the TRF TPS and demonstrated a moderate agreement (Cohen's Kappa 0.53). In conclusion, teachers identified significantly more emotional and behavioral problems in children with DCD compared with their peers. The SDQ-T showed moderate agreement with the TRF in identifying emotional and behavioral problems in children with DCD.</p
Individual long-term albuminuria exposure during angiotensin receptor blocker therapy is the optimal predictor for renal outcome
No full textAlbuminuria reduction due to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) predicts subsequent renoprotection. Relating the initial albuminuria reduction to subsequent renoprotection assumes that the initial ARB-induced albuminuria reduction remains stable during follow-up. The aim of this study was to assess individual albuminuria fluctuations after the initial ARB response and to determine whether taking individual albuminuria fluctuations into account improves renal outcome prediction.Patients with diabetes and nephropathy treated with losartan or irbesartan in the RENAAL and IDNT trials were included. Patients with > 30% reduction in albuminuria 3 months after ARB initiation were stratified by the subsequent change in albuminuria until Month 12 in enhanced responders (> 50% albuminuria reduction), sustained responders (between 20 and 50% reduction), and response escapers (<20% reduction). Predictive performance of the individual albuminuria exposure until Month 3 was compared with the exposure over the first 12 months using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.Following ARB initiation, 388 (36.3%) patients showed an > 30% reduction in albuminuria. Among these patients, the albuminuria level further decreased in 174 (44.8%), remained stable in 123 (31.7%), and increased in 91 (23.5%) patients. Similar albuminuria fluctuations were observed in patients with <30% albuminuria reduction. Renal risk prediction improved when using the albuminuria exposure during the first 12 months versus the initial Month 3 change [ROC difference: 0.78 (95% CI 0.75-0.82) versus 0.68 (0.64-0.72); P <0.0001].Following the initial response to ARBs, a large within-patient albuminuria variability is observed. Hence, incorporating multiple albuminuria measurements over time in risk algorithms may be more appropriate to monitor treatment effects and quantify renal risk.</p
'Modern Slavery':Does International Law Distinguish between Slavery, Enslavement and Trafficking?
No full textAlthough distinct legal definitions exist, rhetoric concerning slavery and enslavement is consistently intertwined with human trafficking. These concepts, along with many other exploitative practices are often collectively labelled: ‘modern slavery’ or some variation thereof. This term enjoys no utility under international law but is nevertheless heavily used in discourse. Beginning with a legal analysis regarding what constitutes slavery, enslavement and trafficking, respectively, this article endeavours to clarify these crimes as codified under international law. Thereafter, a textual analysis of relevant enslavement judgments follows in an attempt to identify the manifestation of any entangled legal discourse between these concepts. It ultimately leads to question whether these crimes are in fact distinguishable considering international jurisprudence on the matter; or, whether enslavement as a crime against humanity has already incorporated the law of trafficking within its construct
Protocol optimization for the mild detemplation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles resulting in enhanced texture and colloidal stability
No full textPorosity development of mesostructured colloidal silica nanoparticles is related to the removal of the organic templates and co-templates which is often carried out by calcination at high temperatures, 500 -600 degrees C. In this study a mild detemplation method based on the oxidative Fenton chemistry has been investigated. The Fenton reaction involves the generation of OH center dot radicals following a redox Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle that is used as catalyst and H2O2 as oxidant source. Improved material properties are anticipated since the Fenton chemistry comprises milder conditions than calcination. However, the general application of this methodology is not straightforward due to limitations in the hydrothermal stability of the particular system under study. The objective of this work is three-fold: 1) reducing the residual Fe in the resulting solid as this can be detrimental for the application of the material, 2) shortening the reaction time by optimizing the reaction temperature to minimize possible particle agglomeration, and finally 3) investigating the structural and textural properties of the resulting material in comparison to the calcined counterparts. It appears that the Fenton detemplation can be optimized by shortening the reaction time significantly at low Fe concentration. The milder conditions of detemplation give rise to enhanced properties in terms of surface area, pore volume, structural preservation, low Fe residue and high degree of surface hydroxylation; the colloidal particles are stable during storage. A relative particle size increase, expressed as 0.11%.h(-1), has been determined. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p