Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi UM Metro (Universitas Muhammadiyah)
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Conceptualising 'Land' and 'Nation' in Early Gold Coast Nationalism
No full textIn this chapter we have been able to trace the details of shifting political discourses of African actors in a way that a plain political or social historiography could not do. The conceptual history approach made it possible to map in detail the different positions of various types of actors, as well as the shifting horizon of struggles in the Gold Coast in the decades around 1900, finally moving towards a more standard nationalist-anticolonial perspective. One of the fruits of this analysis is to bring out the innovative nature of the Fanti Confederation and its 1871 Mankessim Constitution. Although killed off politically by the authorities of the protectorate within a few years, as a vision it was a true lternative to self-rule; the comparisons made by the actors themselves with the Japanese Meiji revolution, or with the different routes that Australia or Canada could take within the Commonwealth, were justified from this perspective. Another fruit of the analysis is the insight it offers into the resourcefulness of the notion of ‘land’ itself. The fact that it could mean ‘soil’ as well as ‘nation’ made it especially suitable for political discourse in the Gold Coast context of the land bills. Concepts like ‘native’, ‘aboriginal’ and ‘indigenous’ could delegitimize the claims of colonials by suggesting a natural bond between persons and their place of birth, and thus suggesting a natural claim to control over that place. But the main fruit of this exercise in conceptual history is to demonstrate that Gold Coast discourses involved a broad spectrum of actors in the Gold Coast and not a small ‘alienated’ elite; these were creative and innovative local discourses, rather than mere imports of European Enlightenment ideas, and may inspire contemporary thinking about the future of African nation states.<br/
Patterns of animal exploitation in western Turkey:from Palaeolithic molluscs to Byzantine elephants
No full textQualitative Tourism Research
No full textConducting qualitative research in tourism studies entails engaging with an entire approach, a set of methods that shape project design, conceptual frameworks, data analysis, and anticipated outcomes. Standard qualitative methods are individual interviews, focus groups and ethnography. Solicited written diaries, photograph and video documentation, as well as online methods represent more innovative qualitative tools. The aim with qualitative research is not to be representative on a large scale, as is the case with quantitative approaches meant to replicate results, but rather to explore individual experiences in rich detail, situated in their tourism contexts
The current implementation status of the integration of sports and physical activity into Dutch rehabilitation care
No full textPURPOSE: To describe the current status of the nationwide implementation process of a sports and physical activity stimulation programme to gain insight into how sports and physical activity were integrated into Dutch rehabilitation care.METHODS: The current implementation status of a sports and physical activity stimulation programme in 12 rehabilitation centres and 5 hospitals with a rehabilitation department was described by scoring fidelity and satisfaction. Seventy-one rehabilitation professionals filled out a questionnaire on how sports and physical activity, including stimulation activities, were implemented into rehabilitation care. Total fidelity scores (in %) were calculated for each organization. Professionals' satisfaction was rated on a scale from 1 to 10.RESULTS: In most organizations sports and physical activity were to some extent integrated during and after rehabilitation (fidelity scores: median = 54%, IQR = 23%). Physical activity stimulation was not always embedded as standard component of a rehabilitation treatment. Professionals' satisfaction rated a median value of 8.0 (IQR = 0.0) indicating high satisfaction rates.CONCLUSIONS: The fidelity outcome showed that activities to stimulate sports and physical activity during and after rehabilitation were integrated into rehabilitation care, but not always delivered as standardized component. These findings have emphasized the importance to focus on integrating these activities into routines of organizations. Implications for Rehabilitation Components of an evidence-based programme to stimulate sports and physical activity during and after rehabilitation can be used to measure the current status of the integration of sports and physical activity in rehabilitation care in a structural and effective way. The method described in the current study can be used to compare the content of the rehabilitation care regarding the integration of sports and physical activity among organizations both on a national and international level. Sports and physical activity are seen as important ingredients for successful rehabilitation care in The Netherlands.</p
Motor activation in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in daily practice
No full textBackground People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are at risk of being motorically inactive. This study investigated the degree and type of motor activation in daily practice and its relationship to personal and contextual factors.Method A total of 58 participants with PIMD participated in the study. Data concerning the motor activation were collected by means of a diary over a period of 14 days. Relationships to personal and contextual factors were analysed using multilevel analyses.Results The mean number of transfers was 3.1 times per day (range: 0¬–9, SD = 1.4), the mean number of relocations was 7.7 times per day (range: 2–13, SD = 2.5), the mean number of motor activities offered was 1.5 per day (range: 0–10, SD = 1.9). Relationships to age, gender, location and day of week were found.Conclusion Motor activation seems to be a minor part of the support provided to people with PIMD
The EZ diffusion model provides a powerful test of simple empirical effects
No full textOver the last four decades, sequential accumulation models for choice response times have spread through cognitive psychology like wildfire. The most popular style of accumulator model is the diffusion model (Ratcliff Psychological Review, 85, 59–108, 1978), which has been shown to account for data from a wide range of paradigms, including perceptual discrimination, letter identification, lexical decision, recognition memory, and signal detection. Since its original inception, the model has become increasingly complex in order to account for subtle, but reliable, data patterns. The additional complexity of the diffusion model renders it a tool that is only for experts. In response, Wagenmakers et al. (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 3–22, 2007) proposed that researchers could use a more basic version of the diffusion model, the EZ diffusion. Here, we simulate experimental effects on data generated from the full diffusion model and compare the power of the full diffusion model and EZ diffusion to detect those effects. We show that the EZ diffusion model, by virtue of its relative simplicity, will be sometimes better able to detect experimental effects than the data–generating full diffusion model
Gerrit Dworok and Christoph Weissmann, eds., 1968 und die 68er: Ereignisse, Wirkungen, und Kontroversen in der Bundesrepublik. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2013
No full textBlink rate and blink timing in children with ADHD and the influence of stimulant medication
No full textSpontaneous eye blink rate is modulated bytask demands and internal state, and is demonstrated to reflect central dopamine activity. Also, spontaneous eyeblinks are strategically timed around salient stimuli. This study investigates whether children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show reduced blink rates, blink modulation and blink timing, and whether this isinfluenced by stimulant medication. The electrooculogram was measured in 18 typically developing children, 16 children with ADHD off methylphenidate (Mph), and 16 children with ADHD on Mph during a rest period andduring performance of a 60-min visual selective attention task. Blink rate and timing was extracted from the electrooculogram.No evidence was found for aberrant blinkrate or blink modulation in children with ADHD off Mph. All groups increased blink rates from rest to task, and no group differences were found in blink rate during rest andtask, or in the modulation of blink rate from rest to task. Time-on task resulted in a similar increase in blink rates in all three groups. Stimulant medication appeared not toinfluence blink rate and blink modulation, except that in the ADHD off Mph group the blink rate was enhanced only under conditions with performance feedback. All groups inhibited blinks before stimulus presentation and strategically timed their blinks after the stimulus. Children with ADHD off Mph showed reduced blink inhibition before thestimulus; however, given the low incidence (\1 % of the trials) and long latency this is not likely to impair their visual intake
Read-alouds in kindergarten classrooms:A moment-by-moment approach to analyzing teacher-child interactions
No full textThe aim of the study was to explore teacher–child interaction in 24 whole-class read-aloud sessions in Chilean kindergarten classrooms serving children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Fifteen sessions focused on story meaning, and nine focused on language coding/decoding. We coded teacher and child turns for their function (i.e., teacher initiation, child response, teacher follow-up), type (e.g., open/closed questions, directives; confirmation, elaboration), and complexity (i.e., literal/low vs. inferential/high language). We found considerable variability in reading approaches. Teachers in meaning-oriented sessions initiated more inferential conversations, whereas in code-oriented sessions the majority of initiations had low complexity. Confirmations were the most recurrent follow-up type, while elaborations occurred mainly during inferential conversations. Overall, teachers strongly determined the complexity of the conversation by means of their initiations. The study expands Anglo-American and European findings to the Latin American context, illustrating the commonality of read-alouds as early childhood education practice and underscoring that teachers can engage children from low socioeconomic backgrounds in cognitively challenging conversations