Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MICROCREDIT SCHEME: A REVIEW OF PAST STUDIES ON AMANAH IKHTIAR MALAYSIA (AIM)
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Microcredit scheme was introduced to provide credit facilities for poor people to start a business activity. Microcredit creates income-generating self-employment activities that allow poor people to venture into small businesses and achieve economic independence. The scheme has been recognised as a successful tool to uplift the socio-economic status among the poor. Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) is the largest microfinance institution in Malaysia and therefore, its impact on the beneficiaries is crucial to be studied. This paper aims at reviewing the economic impact of AIM based on the existing literature.
Methodology: Four electronic databases, which are Scopus, Science Direct, Springer and Ebscohost were used to search the literature. Subsequently 118 articles were generated from this search. However, only 13 articles which met the selection criteria were analysed. We selected only empirical studies that focused on the economic impact of AIM.
Findings: Results of the review showed that income has dominated the economic impact assessment followed by asset, economic vulnerability and spending. Low concentration on the indicators other than income should be noted especially on spending as it provides a clear evidence that the recipients enjoy the economic well-being in terms of consumption expenditure.
Contribution: This review reveals that microcredit has a great potential to uplift the economic status of the poor.
Keywords: Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia, asset, economic impact, income, microcredit.
Cite as: Muda, N. S., & Tuan Lonik, K. A. (2020). Assessing economic impact of microcredit scheme: A review of past studies on Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 124-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp124-14
DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAMME: TEACHERS’ BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IN TEACHING SCIENCE THROUGH ENGLISH
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: The recently implemented Dual Language Program (DLP) policy in Malaysian schools may require teachers involved in the initiative to make necessary changes in their teaching practices in appropriate directions. It may also challenge the beliefs that these teachers hold with regard to teaching subject matter in English as a medium of instruction. Thus, this study seeks to investigate the beliefs of primary Science teachers with regards to the teaching of Science through the English medium, and the extent to which the beliefs of teachers are consistent with their classroom practices.
Methodology: The study employed a quantitative data collection and analysis approach. Science teachers’ beliefs and stated practices were obtained via a questionnaire using the Likert-scale. The respondents of the study include 44 primary Science teachers in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. A Pearson correlation analysis was computed to examine the association between teachers’ beliefs scale and the ratings of classroom practices.
Findings: The results from the statistical analysis suggest that in teaching Science using the English language, the beliefs of the primary school teachers were not always aligned with their stated practices with regard to DLP. This discrepancy between the beliefs of science teachers and their stated instructional practices could be due to the lack of professional development sessions and contextual constraints.
Contributions: This study extends work on content-based classrooms in the Malaysian context. Its findings contribute to the ongoing work on improving instructional practices in the DLP classrooms.
Keywords: Classroom practices, dual language program, teachers’ beliefs.
Cite as: Othman, J., Mohd Saat, R., Senom, F., & Hasan Adli, D. S. (2020). Dual language programme: Teachers’ beliefs and practices in teaching Science through English. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 255-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp255-26
CUSTOMERS’ DEPOSIT BEHAVIOUR IN DUAL BANKING INDUSTRY: A MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate public acceptance toward Islamic banking system in Malaysia by using the market structure analysis as proposed in industrial organizational studies. The structural approach framework was used to evaluate the nature and changes of market concentration in the Malaysian Islamic and conventional deposit markets.
Methodology: The well-known market concentration measure, namely concentration ratio (CR) is calculated to study the changes in saving behaviour among depositors in both banking markets. The concentration ratios of deposits for both banking markets are evaluated by using the banking firms’ level data for the period 1997–2016. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the total deposits and bank-specific variables.
Findings: It is found that interest or profit rate paid to the depositors are the factor that greatly affect the depositors’ choice of banks to save their money. Besides, experience doing businesses is more important to Islamic banks compared to conventional banks in order to attract depositors.
Contributions: The findings demonstrate that societies, especially the Islamic community, are still loyal to conventional banks, which have more experience in the banking operation. The findings of this study are expected to open the eyes of the Muslim community to use Islamic banking services, which are certainly sharia-compliance.
Keywords: Concentration ratio, deposit, dual banking, market structure, perception.
Cite as: Mohammed, N., Jauhari, A., & Mohammed, N. (2020). Customers’ deposit behaviour in dual banking industry: A market structure analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 356-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp356-37
THE EFFECTS OF DRAMATIC PLAY ON VOCABULARY LEARNING AMONG PRESCHOOLERS
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Studies have documented the value of dramatic play in enhancing vocabulary development. However, very few studies in Malaysia have examined the effects of dramatic play on vocabulary development among preschoolers. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dramatic play on the enhancement of vocabulary learning among preschoolers in Malaysia.
Methodology: The research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design. Preschoolers from two government preschools participating in a vocabulary instruction with dramatic play for eight weeks were compared with preschoolers who did not participate in vocabulary instruction with dramatic play. Comparison of vocabulary scores between the experimental and control groups was gathered using the Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) instrument. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics using t test were utilised to analyse the target vocabulary pre-test and post-test scores between the control and experimental groups.
Findings: The study showed there were significant differences in the vocabulary scores after the use of vocabulary instruction with dramatic play in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, there were significant differences in the vocabulary scores for female preschoolers in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Contributions: This study is hoped to be useful for early childhood educators in the employment of effective vocabulary instruction to suit preschoolers’ learning preferences in order to develop their vocabulary learning.
Keywords: Curriculum-based measurement, dramatic play, language development, pre-schoolers, vocabulary.
Cite as: Hutagalung, F., Lai, L., & Adams, D. (2020). Effects of dramatic play on vocabulary learning among preschoolers in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 294-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp294-31
CIVILIZATION, ECONOMY AND WAQF IN OTTOMAN EUROPE
Get PDFThe prosperity, stability, and socio-economic balance observed throughout Ottoman history was largely sustained by several key institutions developed in accordance with emerging challenges of the time whilst functioning effectively. Both the Ottoman economic mindset and impact of those institutions on the socio-economic and financial development cannot be ignored. In addition to other significant economic, social and political institutions, the waqf (charitable endowments) played a crucial role in Ottoman society and contributed to the supply of primary social needs, whether related to education, finance, health, economy, infrastructure or social stability. This article seeks to explore the role of waqfs, especially cash waqfs throughout 15th-19th century Ottoman Europe. It concludes that the investment of those waqf-based charity institution in religious, educational, health, and socio-economic sectors allowed for invaluable contributions in social spheres and public welfare in addition to playing a crucial role in the economic and financial stability and sustainability of the Ottoman society over long periods of time.
Keywords: Balkan, cash Waqf, development, endowment, Islamic finance, Ottoman civilization, Ottoman economy.
Cite as: Bulut, M. (2020). Civilization, economy and waqf in Ottoman Europe. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 48-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp48-6
INDEKS KETERANGKUMAN KEWANGAN DI NEGARA SEDANG MEMBANGUN MENGGUNAKAN KAEDAH BUKAN PARAMETRIK DAN PARAMETRIK: [FINANCIAL INCLUSION INDEX IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES USING NON- PARAMETRIC AND PARAMETRIC METHOD]
Get PDFTujuan dan Latarbelakang: Kajian ini bertujuan membuat penambahbaikan pengiraan indeks keterangkuman kewangan dengan mengambilkira dimensi teknologi kewangan digital (fintech) dan menggunakan data daripada sebelah penawaran (supply-side) dan permintaan (demand-side) yang melibatkan negara sedang membangun terpilih bagi tahun 2014 dan 2017 (68 buah negara).
Metodologi: Untuk mengukur indeks keterangkuman kewangan, kajian ini menggabungkan kaedah bukan-parametrik melalui model ukuran multidimensi dan kaedah parametrik Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA).
Dapatan: Keputusan empirik kajian dengan menggunakan analisis PCA mendapati bahawa indeks keterangkuman kewangan yang dikemukakan dengan penambahbaikan dimensi fintech mempunyai kepentingan relatif dan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap tahap keterangkuman kewangan. Kajian ini menunjukkan nilai indeks yang tinggi menggambarkan tahap keterangkuman kewangan yang baik dan inklusif, manakala nilai indeks yang rendah adalah sebaliknya.
Sumbangan: Implikasi daripada kajian ini menunjukkan kepentingan penggubal dasar untuk membentuk strategi dalam konteks keterangkuman kewangan di sesebuah negara. Selain itu, akses kepada perkhidmatan teknologi kewangan digital harus diperluaskan untuk meningkatkan tahap kewangan yang lebih inklusif dan mencapai keterangkuman kewangan sempurna.
Kata kunci: Analisis komponen utama (PCA), bukan parametrik, fintech, indeks keterangkuman kewangan, multidimensi, parametrik.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: This paper aims to improve the construction of the index of financial inclusion with digital financial technology (fintech) dimensions, using supply-side and demand-side data from selected developing countries for 2014 and 2017 (68 countries).
Methodology: To measure the index of financial inclusion, this study combines non-parametric methods through the multidimensional measurement model proposed by Mandira Sarma (2012) and the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) as a parametric method.
Findings: The empirical findings of the study using PCA analysis found that improvement on proposed index of financial inclusion using fintech dimensions has a relative importance and significant relationship to the level of financial inclusiveness. This study shows that the higher index value reflecting the more inclusive of financial inclusion, while the lower index value is vice versa.
Contributions: This study concludes that it is important for policy makers to shape policies and strategies within the context of financial inclusion in a country. In addition, access to digital financial technology services should be expanded to increase the level of financial inclusiveness and achieve complete financial inclusion.
Keywords: Financial inclusion index, fintech, multidimensional, non-parametric, parametric, Principle Component Analysis (PCA).
Cite as: Nizam, R., Abd Karim, Z., Abdul Rahman, A., & Sarmidi, T. (2020). Indeks keterangkuman kewangan di negara sedang membangun menggunakan kaedah bukan parametrik dan parametric [Financial inclusion index in developing countries using non-parametric and parametric method]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 80-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp80-10
THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMODITY ENERGY PRICES AND STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY IN SAUDI-ARABIA
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: The present study examines the inter-relationship that exists between commodity energy price as well as stock market volatility in Saudi-Arabia. The focus of the study is to test if changes in commodities energy prices (oil related) cause significant changes in the stock market volatility of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This study made use of a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model which has exogenous variables (GARCH-X), thus able to employ the commodity energy price inform of an exogenous so as to test the conditional variance of the Saudi-Arabia stock market return.
Findings: The findings from the estimated model provide evidence that only the ARCH and GARCH parameters are significant while the exogenous variables are insignificant. It is concluded that other factors affect the volatility of the Saudi-Arabia stock market, but not the commodity energy price.
Contributions: This study recommends that, policy makers, investors, and regulators should give emphasis on macro-economic variables and volatility interdependence with other correlated markets, especially during energy price shock that affected the volatility of Saudi-Arabia stock market.
Keywords: Energy price, GARCH-X, Saudi Arabia, stock market, volatility.
Cite as: Alsufyani, M., & Sarmidi, T. (2020). The inter-relationship between commodity energy prices and stock market volatility in Saudi-Arabia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 270-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp270-29
KAJIAN SOSIOPERUNDANGAN PERKAHWINAN MERENTASI SEMPADAN DI NUSANTARA [SOCIO LEGAL RESEARCH ON CROSS-BORDER MARRIAGE IN THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO]
Get PDFLatar belakang dan tujuan: Rentetan dari pertambahan bilangan perkahwinan merentasi sempadan dan penyelidikan yang terhad mengenainya, penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan bertujuan untuk membincangkan aplikasi undang-undang dan amalan-amalan dalam perkahwinan merentasi sempadan dalam kalangan Muslim di Malaysia.
Metodologi: Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan menggunakan pendekatan kajian sosioperundangan dan kaedah kualitatif. Data telah diperoleh melalui sesi temu bual dengan 11 informan yang terdiri daripada pegawai pejabat agama di Malaysia, Pegawai pejabat agama di Selatan Thailand, Pegawai Konsulat Malaysia di Songkhla, Thailand dan juga pasangan-pasangan yang telah mengamalkan perkahwinan merentasi sempadan. Selain itu, analisis dokumen juga digunakan bagi menganalisis statut dan kes-kes yang diputuskan oleh mahkamah.
Dapatan Kajian: Hasil penyelidikan menunjukkan bahawa amalan perkahwinan merentasi sempadan dalam kalangan Muslim di Malaysia berlaku disebabkan oleh pelaksanaan undang-undang yang begitu ketat di samping tahap keterbukaan pasangan yang terlibat dalam perkahwinan merentasi sempadan dalam menerima perkahwinan merentasi sempadan ini. Kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa ketiadaan peruntukan yang khusus berkaitan perkahwinan merentasi sempadan ini menyebabkan timbul isu perundangan di peringkat global yang perlu diselesaikan melalui instrumen antarabangsa.
Sumbangan: Kertas penyelidikan ini merupakan satu permulaan kepada penyelidikan yang lebih terperinci terhadap perkahwinan merentasi sempadan iaitu hasil dari penyelidikan akan akan digunakan sebagai penambahbaikan terhadap peruntukan undang-undang yang sedia di Malaysia pada masa kini.
Kata kunci: Perkahwinan merentasi sempadan, prosedur perkahwinan, sosio-perundangan, undang-undang keluarga Islam, undang-undang ketat.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Due to the increase in the number of cross-border marriage and limited research available in the area, the paper sets on discussing the application of the related laws and practices that surround cross border marriage among the Muslims in Malaysia.
Methodology: This research used the socio-legal approach and qualitative method. The data had been obtained through interviews with 11 informants, consisting of officials of the religious office in Malaysia and in Southern Thailand, officials of the Malaysian Consulate in Songkhla, Thailand as well as couples who practised cross-border marriage. Apart from that, analysis document had been used to analyse statutes and reported cases.
Findings: This research shows that the practice of cross-border marriage among Muslims couples in Malaysia is due to strict implementation of the law and their aceptance and openness in going for cross-border marriage. The lacuna of specific provisions relating to cross-border marriage in the law has led to global legal issues that require resolution using international instruments.
Contributions: This article is hoped to pave the way for a more comprehensive study on the cross-border marriage which the findings will be useful to further improve the current legal provisions in Malaysia.
Keywords: Cross-border marriage, Islamic family laws, strict laws marriage procedure, socio-legal.
Cite as: Md Said, M. H., Md Hashim, N., Abdul Hak, N., Che Soh, R., Ahmad Fuzi, F. H., & Yaakob, K. (2020). Kajian Sosioperundangan perkahwinan merentasi sempadan di nusantara [Socio legal research on cross-border marriage in the Malay Archipelago]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 129-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp129-15
POWER AND SOLIDARITY IN POSITIVE FACEBOOK POSTINGS AMIDST COVID-19 IN MALAYSIA
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Coronavirus has posed an unfamiliar threat to the world. Despite such circumstances, Malaysians continue to stay optimistic by keeping abreast with updates and mostly by seeking refuge in hopeful and consoling messages shared by fellow citizens. This study identified Facebook postings with positive messages, posted by Malaysians during the Movement Control Order (MCO) implemented by the Malaysian government as a form of prosocial behaviour.
Methodology: Through an analytic framework consisting of Positive Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, 15 Facebook postings related to COVID-19 were selected and identified as positive discourse, which were coded and categorised using a thematic analysis. Further analysis was also conducted on the linguistic features identified in the narratives of the postings showing the construction of positive discourse in the Facebook postings.
Findings: The findings demonstrate an extensive utilisation of expressions of solidarity primarily through collective pronouns like “we” and “us”, which suggest solidarity and empowerment among Malaysians in dealing with COVID-19. Further analysis reveals the forms and contextual functions of the linguistic strategies as carrying pragmatic devices (e.g. speech acts and figurative language), which contributes to the power enactment in the Facebook postings in creating an overall positive reaction.
Contributions: This critical discourse study does not only promote positive discourse for its own sake, but also serves as a pragmatic approach to materialise utilitarian goals. It is therefore hoped to contribute not only to linguistics, but also social, psychological as well as arts and humanities studies through further examinations of the pivotal roles that communication and language play, especially in rising against dire situations.
Keywords: COVID-19, Critical Discourse Analysis, media discourse, Positive Discourse Analysis, power and solidarity.
Cite as: Azizan, M., Ismail, H. H., & Qaiwer, S. N. (2020). Power and solidarity in positive Facebook postings amidst COVID-19 in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 329-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp329-36
INDIGENOUS EDUCATION FOR THE ORANG ASLI: LEGAL PERSPECTIVES AND BEST PRACTICES
Get PDFThis study reviews legal instruments relevant to the rights of indigenous peoples to education, the indigenous education system in Malaysia, as well as their rights and practices in other jurisdictions. The review shows that the indigenous peoples in Malaysia face many challenges and issues while exercising their rights to education. Among the problems faced by indigenous peoples in Malaysia include the lack of access to trained teachers, inadequate funding, and a lack of knowledge among teachers, in terms of indigenous culture and tradition, which seemingly play no role in shaping the education system in Malaysia. Evidence of these problems can be seen in terms of the opportunities provided to indigenous peoples to participate in decision-making, curriculum design, teachers' selection, and teaching methods that respect indigenous cultures and traditions. This is not compatible with the international law standards and some states' best practices that recognize indigenous peoples' right to establish and control their educational systems and institutions and provide education in their language, in a manner consistent with non-discrimination teaching and learning culture. This paper is expected to contribute to improving the quality of education of the indigenous peoples in Malaysia through some recommendations.
Keywords: Education, human rights, international, Malaysia, Orang Asli.
Cite as: Nordin, R., Hassan, M. S., Wong Rui Fern, V., Cherley, M., & Bala Subramaniam, L. (2020). Indigenous education for the Orang Asli: Legal perspectives and best practices. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 365-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp365-38