International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals
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Insights to Peri-Urban Dynamics' Effects on Water Bodies in the Fringe Settlements in Ibadan, Nigeria
Full text linkPeri-urban dynamics have increasingly impacted water bodies in fringe settlements in Ibadan, Nigeria. This study explore the insights into the effects of these dynamics on water bodies in Eleyele, Adetokun, Alafara and Ologuneru areas in Ibadan. These peri-urban areas are experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth, leading to increased pressure on water resources. Despite the presence of Eleyele Water Works Dam, the settlements often lack proper water infrastructure, leading to over-extraction of groundwater and contamination of surface water bodies. A mixed-methods approach was utilized to comprehensively explore the effects of peri-urban dynamics of water bodies in the study area. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data provided a more holistic understanding of the topic. Findings established that flooding, indiscriminate waste disposal, sand lifting, reduction in strength of the water body of streams and rivers as a result of informal developments, remains reoccurring environmental challenges in the studied communities. Furthermore, the growing demand for water in these peri-urban areas puts additional pressure on already limited water resources. As a result, the water bodies in these fringe settlements are facing depletion and degradation, impacting the availability of clean and safe water for both human consumption and agricultural use. Poor water quality also poses health risks to the residents, leading to the spread of waterborne diseases. Understanding the insights into peri-urban dynamics and their effects on water bodies in the study area is crucial for sustainable water resource management and urban planning. Addressing these issues requires integrated approaches that consider land use planning, water resource management, and community engagement. Effective policies and interventions are needed to mitigate the negative impacts of peri-urban dynamics on water bodies and ensure access to clean and safe water for the residents of these areas. Keywords: Land Use Changes, Fringe Settlements, Peri-Urban Dynamics, Water Body Degradation DOI: 10.7176/JEES/15-2-04 Publication date: March 30th 202
A systematic review of composting as circular economy in waste management and sustainability in Ghana
Full text linkThis systematic review critically examines the role of composting within the circular economy framework for waste management and sustainability in Ghana. By synthesizing existing literature, the study aims to provide insights into the cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of composting, offering a comprehensive understanding of its potential impact. The study analyses the economic viability and challenges associated with integrating composting into waste management strategies. Investigate the environmental sustainability of composting, focusing on its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving soil health. The findings identified cultural barriers influencing the acceptance of composting, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches. It explored economic factors impacting the scalability and success of composting initiatives, including financial constraints and market dynamics. It examined the environmental benefits of composting, with a specific focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing soil health. The findings will contribute to the development of targeted strategies for promoting composting within the circular economy in Ghana. It concludes by providing an overview of composting in the context of the circular economy in Ghana. The synthesized information offers valuable insights for creating sustainable and culturally relevant waste management solutions, contributing to the broader goals of environmental conservation and circular economy practices in the region. Keywords: Composting, Circular economy, Waste management, Sustainability DOI: 10.7176/JETP/15-1-02 Publication date: February 28th 202
IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION PROTECTION SCHEME WITH INCORPORATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Full text linkDistributed Generation (DG) has been mostly employed in power system due to progression in exploiting renewable energy resources, necessity for enhanced power quality and reliability of power system. However, installing DG in an electric power system changes its protection coordination, thereby increasing the fault level of the power system. This research paper therefore, improves the power system protection scheme on distribution system based on integration of DG. Load flow at contingence on 33-bus Ilorin industrial distribution feeder with incorporation of DG was performed using Bus Injection to Branch Current (BIBC) and Branch Current to Bus Voltage (BCBV) iterative technique. The coordination problem of the protection scheme in-feed from the DG was improved using Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and simulation was carried out in MATLAB R2021a. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the SSA in providing optimal solution for industrial distribution feeder system protection with DG incorporated. Thus, this study can be used in electrical power system protection and monitoring. Keywords: Power System, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Resources, BIBC-BCBV, Salp Swarm Algorithm, Distribution Feeder, Protection Scheme. DOI: 10.7176/JETP/15-1-03 Publication date: February 28th 2025
Academic Libraries in the Context of Higher Education in Ghana: Insights from the SD Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies
Full text linkThe present study delves into examining and explicating the role and significance of academic libraries in the specific context of higher education in Ghana, particularly emphasising the University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (UBIDS). The results of this study divulge that the academic library at UBIDS plays a paramount and pivotal role in bolstering and facilitating teaching, learning, and research activities. The faculty members and students of UBIDS recognise the library as a valuable and indispensable resource centre that provides access to scholarly materials and creates an environment conducive and favourable for study and research. The study also identifies and pinpoints areas that need improvement, which includes, but is not limited to, the pressing need for strategic collection development, the imperative and crucial task of addressing various infrastructural challenges that impede and hinder equitable access to electronic resources, and the necessity of enhancing user-centred services. The favourable reception and positive feedback of information literacy initiatives underscore the importance of equipping students with research skills. The challenges and obstacles related to funding and the digital divide present opportunities and possibilities for collaborative and concerted efforts and digital advancements. These findings significantly and substantially contribute to the understanding and comprehension of academic library management issues and practices in Ghana and underscore and emphasise the critical and crucial importance of continuous assessment and improvement to meet and satisfy users' ever-evolving and dynamic needs and requirements. Keywords: Academic Libraries, Context, Higher Education, Ghana, Insights. DOI: 10.7176/IKM/15-1-03 Publication date: March 31st 202
IMPROVING BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS OF 4th YEAR GRADUATING CLASS OF ADULT EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS OF AMBO UNIVERSITY FOR ONLINE EXIT EXAMS
Full text linkThe action research conducted aimed to enhance the basic computer skills of graduating class students at Ambo University's Department of Adult Education and Community Development for their online exit exams. The study utilized a quantitative data collection method, involving the distribution of 30 multiple-choice questions and a five-Likert scale questionnaire to participants before and after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequencies, percentages, standard deviation, mean, One-Simple t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The study involved 34 graduate students and demonstrated that the intervention strategies effectively improved the students' computer skills, thus benefiting them during the online exit exams. Keywords: Basic computer skills; Online exit exam DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/15-1-02 Publication date: February 28th 202
Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation in Zambian Healthcare NGOs: A Literature Review and Analysis of Effective Practices
Full text linkLeadership styles profoundly impact employee motivation, an essential element in the efficacy of healthcare NGOs in Zambia. This literature review analyzes the effects of transformational, transactional, and servant leadership styles on staff motivation within the Zambian healthcare NGO sector. Transformational leadership, emphasizing vision, inspiration, and empowerment, is the most effective type, promoting elevated levels of employee engagement, contentment, and dedication. Transactional leadership, although proficient in attaining short-term objectives by systematic rewards and penalties, frequently fails to foster intrinsic motivation and long-term retention. Servant leadership, which prioritizes empathy, trust, and employee welfare, is congruent with the mission-oriented essence of NGOs and has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing job satisfaction and decreasing staff turnover. The review emphasizes the significance of contextual elements, including cultural and demographic variations, which require flexible leadership strategies. It is advisable to implement integrated leadership methods that merge transformational and servant leadership principles to tackle the distinct difficulties of the healthcare sector. Future research ought to investigate the enduring effects of these styles on organizational performance and personnel outcomes to inform leadership development in Zambian healthcare NGOs. Keywords: Leadership, Transformational, Transactional, Servant, Motivation DOI: 10.7176/DCS/15-1-04 Publication date: February 28th 202
Analyzing Factors Affecting Household Food Security in Rural Ethiopia
Full text linkFood security issues become one of the critical concern and top priority area for Ethiopia. This study analyzed rural households’ food security status and its determinants in Minjar Shenkora woreda of Amhara Regional State and Ada’a woreda of Oromia Regional State. Data were collected from 240 randomly selected rural farm households. The study employed both descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model to estimate the status and determinants of households’ food security, respectively. The findings indicated that the mean dietary energy available for food secured households were 2,860.6 Kilo calorie per day while 1,891.7 Kilo calorie per day for the insecure group. The binary logit model results showed that education level, farm size, livestock ownership, cooperatives membership, off- farm income and credit access have positive and significant effects on household food security. While household size has a negative and significant effect on household food security. The results recommend that interventions should target at improving rural financial services and off-farm activities that increase households’ income and focusing on those most significant variables when attempting to enhance household food security. Keywords: Determinant; Ethiopia; food security; logistic model; rural DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/124-03 Publication date: January 30th 202
Contribution of Women throughout the Ages: Bangladesh's Liberation War in 1971 to the Present
Full text linkWomen are the integral part of the nation who actively contributes to building and maintaining the socio-economic well-being. The World Bank reported in February 2025 that women make up 50.8% of Bangladesh's overall population. Women are the cogs of the wheel in participating and performing in the Language Movement in 1952, the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971, economic development, social activities, the nation’s GDP, and environmental awareness etc. The main purpose of the study is to pinpoint the contribution of women in different perspectives in Bangladesh from the liberation war in 1971 to the present. This paper also reveals the role of women in economic development, education, business entrepreneurship, and social welfare in Bangladesh. Keywords: Women, Liberation War, Socio-Economy, Development, Bangladesh. DOI: 10.7176/ADS/112-02 Publication date: April 30th 202
Instructional Opportunities that Promote of Teaching Speaking Skills via Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Method in EFL Classroom: The Case of Kindo Koysha Woreda Secondary Schools
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to assess the instructional opportunities that promote teaching speaking skills via CLT in English classroom at Kindo Koysha Woreda secondary schools. The study employed descriptive research design. The study employed mixed approach methods descriptive sequential models. To attain the stated objectives, the study did not use any sampling techniques to select the target participants because of small and manageable number of population of the study. Accordingly, 31 English language teachers who have been teaching English subject for secondary classes were used as the participants of the study. All English teachers were from Gurumo Hanaze, Oydu Chama and Sorto secondary schools. To collect the data, questionnaire (close and open ended items), semi-structured interview and classroom observation were used. Close-ended items were constructed on five Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data from the close ended questionnaire were analyzed through SPSS version 20 calculating the frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The results of the research pointed out that the instructional opportunities of teaching speaking skills via CLT in English classroom were using audiovisual and authentic materials, providing a relaxed atmosphere, and using intrinsically motivating procedures. Similarly, designing speaking activities in the form of role play form, drama and drilling, requiring maximum responses from learners, and creating a chance for students to communicate each other from their real-life. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers should practice CLT in teaching speaking classroom, develop fertile material, and create psychological situations, activities and tasks that to promote CLT in teaching speaking skills. Also, the students should participate actively on activities and tasks in the English classroom. Key Words: Instructional opportunities, Communicative language teaching, speaking skills, teaching materials DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/104-02 Publication date: January 30th 202
Effect Of Employee Compensation on Service Delivery at Trans-Nzoia County Government-Kenya
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of employees’ compensation on service delivery at Trans-Nzoia County Government-Kenya. To analyze the influence of employees’ compensation on service delivery at Trans-Nzoia County Government-Kenya, a descriptive study methodology was employed. The overall number of responders was 3,400, with 400 in upper management, 1,200 in middle management, and 1800 in lower management. The research sample consisted of 40 top management workers, 120 middle management staff, and 180 lower management staff. According to the study findings, every unit increase in employee salary resulted in a proportional increase in service delivery, as evidenced by the coefficient of 0.01819. The influence of employee remuneration on service delivery was statistically significant (P-values < 0.000), implying that employee compensation was a crucial factor influencing service delivery according to the regression model. The R-squared value of 0.7549 indicated that variations in employee remuneration accounted for about 75.49% of the variance in service performance. The study contributes to the need for real improvements in service delivery systems in county governments, as well as the critical role that employee remuneration plays in driving performance and improving results for the community as a whole. This finding further not only broadens our understanding of the policy landscape but also emphasizes the need to align compensation methods with organizational goals and performance results in order to improve service delivery and overall public administration effectiveness. Keywords: Employee Compensation, Service Delivery, Expectancy Theory, Management Staff. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/16-9-11 Publication date: November 30th 202