FLACSO Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales): Portal de Revistas
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Anotações para pensar uma ecologia política dos territórios fronteiriços
Get PDFBy recognizing the improvement in geographies of extraction about territories that used to be considered marginal and subaltern until recently, such as the borderland regions, this article discusses, from the perspective of political ecology, the characteristics that this renewned pro-cess adopts in the borderland areas of Latin America. The internalization of the borderlands, the growth of the levels of security, and the cultural and social decline of these spaces are three characteristics of the new rediscovery of borderland territories, which impact sovereign-ty and the livelihood of the people who have been historically marginalized in these areas.Al reconocer el avance de las geografías de la extracción sobre territorios que hasta hace poco eran considerados marginales y subalternizados, como las regiones fronterizas, este artículo discute, desde el prisma de la ecología política, las características que adopta este renovado proceso en las áreas fronterizas en América Latina. La internacionalización de las fronteras, el crecimiento de los niveles de seguridad y el vaciamiento social y cultural de estos espacios serían tres características de este nuevo redescubrimiento de los territorios fronterizos, con implicaciones sobre la soberanía y la continuidad de los pueblos que históricamente han habi-tado en estas áreas.Ao reconhecer o avanço das geografias da extração sobre territórios que até recentemente eram considerados marginais e subalternizados, como as regiões de fronteira, este artigo dis-cute, a partir do prisma da ecologia política, as características que adota este renovado proces-so de fronteira na América Latina A internacionalização das fronteiras, o crescimento dos níveis de segurança e o esvaziamento social e cultural desses espaços seriam três características dessa nova redescoberta dos territórios fronteiriços, com implicações para a soberania e a con-tinuidade dos povos que históricamente têm vivido nessas áreas
Huella de carbono del cultivo de rosas en Ecuador comparando dos metodologías: GHG Protocol vs. PAS 2050/ Carbon footprint of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador comparing two methodologies: GHG Protocol vs. PAS 2050
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Ecuador is the third largest exporter of roses worldwide. A key factor for the international competitiveness is to calculate and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, we calculated the carbon footprint (CF) of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador, taking as a case study the Company Ecoroses S.A. in the year 2015. The company is located in the canton Mejia, province of Pichincha, and dedicates 100% of its production to roses. The CF was calculated using two methodologies, GHG Protocol and PAS 2050, considering the limits of the system “from the cradle to the door”. The emission factors were compiled from international databases such as IPCC and Ecoinvent v2.2. The result of the CF was 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg of rose exported. The three sources of emission of GHG that most affect are: agricultural products (37,7%), electrical energy (13,3%), and the use of fossil fuels (10,95%). This CF doubles that of dry cocoa, and is more than 8 times higher than that of domestic bananas. Therefore, the implementation of good environmental practices is proposed to reduce GHG, specifically, organic fertilizers, energy saving, and biofuels.Ecuador es el tercer exportador de rosas a nivel mundial. Un factor clave para la competitividad internacional es calcular y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Por ello, se calculó la huella de carbono (HC) del cultivo de rosas en Ecuador, tomando como caso de estudio la Empresa Ecoroses S.A. en el año 2015. La empresa está ubicada en el cantón Mejía, provincia de Pichincha y dedica el 100% de su producción a las rosas. La HC se calculó mediante dos metodologías: GHG Protocol y PAS 2050, considerando los límites del sistema “de la cuna a la puerta”. Los factores de emisión fueron recopilados de bases de datos internacionales como IPCC y Ecoinvent v2.2. El resultado de la HC fue de 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg de rosa exportada. Las tres fuentes de emisión de GEI que más afectan son: los productos agrícolas (37,7%), la energía eléctrica (13,3%) y el uso de combustibles fósiles (10,95%). Esta HC duplica a la del cacao seco y es más de 8 veces mayor que la del banano nacional. Por ello, se propone implementar buenas prácticas ambientales para reducir los GEI, en concreto, fertilizantes orgánicos, ahorro energético y biocombustibles.
Abstract
Ecuador is the third largest exporter of roses worldwide. A key factor for the international competitiveness is to calculate and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, we calculated the carbon footprint (CF) of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador, taking as a case study the Company Ecoroses S.A. in the year 2015. The company is located in the canton Mejia, province of Pichincha, and dedicates 100% of its production to roses. The CF was calculated using two methodologies, GHG Protocol and PAS 2050, considering the limits of the system “from the cradle to the door”. The emission factors were compiled from international databases such as IPCC and Ecoinvent v2.2. The result of the CF was 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg of rose exported. The three sources of emission of GHG that most affect are: agricultural products (37,7%), electrical energy (13,3%), and the use of fossil fuels (10,95%). This CF doubles that of dry cocoa, and is more than 8 times higher than that of domestic bananas. Therefore, the implementation of good environmental practices is proposed to reduce GHG, specifically, organic fertilizers, energy saving, and biofuels
Abordajes teóricos sobre la relación entre seguridad ciudadana y violencia urbana en Colombia: una lectura crítica / Theoretical approaches on the relationship between Citizen Security and Urban Violence in Colombia: a critical reading
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This text presents a synthesis of the main analytical trends that have addressed the analysis of the dynamics of citizen security in Colombia. It seeks to demonstrate how the strategic change regarding the object, objectives and dynamics of public security policies in the country has been analyzed. In this sense, it seeks to analyze the way in which the relationship between urban violence and public policies has been thought; from there, it seeks to demonstrate the way in which the transition has been addressed in the treatment of the internal enemy to the diversification in the treatment of multiple violence. In the second instance, it is sought to demonstrate the way in which such modifications occur within the profound changes in the international system of states, as in the framework of a series of dynamics at the national level that provide a new constitutional framework from 1991 onwards. Finally, we try to contextualize the way in which academic production in this regard problematizes the relationship between security and constitution of the state monopoly of force, its scope and limitations. Set of perspectives considered necessary to contemplate as a contribution to the processes of construction of security policies in the framework of the Colombian post-conflict.En el presente texto se procuran sintetizar las principales corrientes analíticas que han estudiado la política pública de seguridad ciudadana en Colombia. Se demuestra cómo ha sido interpretado el cambio estratégico respecto del objeto, objetivos y dinámicas de estas iniciativas estatales. En este sentido, se busca analizar la manera en que se ha pensado la relación entre urbe-violencia y políticas públicas; a partir de allí, se procura evidenciar la forma en que se ha abordado la transición en el tratamiento del enemigo interno a la diversificación en el tratamiento de múltiples violencias. En segunda instancia, se evidencia la manera en que tales modificaciones acontecen tanto en el seno de los profundos cambios en el sistema internacional de estados, como en el marco de una serie de dinámicas a nivel nacional que proveen un nuevo marco constitucional a partir de 1991. Finalmente, se contextualiza la producción académica sobre la relación entre seguridad y constitución del monopolio estatal de la fuerza, sus alcances y limitaciones. Por tanto, se propone que es necesario entender este conjunto de perspectivas, como aporte a los procesos de construcción de políticas de seguridad en el marco del posconflicto colombiano.
Abstract
This text presents a synthesis of the main analytical trends that have addressed the analysis of the dynamics of citizen security in Colombia. It seeks to demonstrate how the strategic change regarding the object, objectives and dynamics of public security policies in the country has been analyzed. In this sense, it seeks to analyze the way in which the relationship between urban violence and public policies has been thought; from there, it seeks to demonstrate the way in which the transition has been addressed in the treatment of the internal enemy to the diversification in the treatment of multiple violence. In the second instance, it is sought to demonstrate the way in which such modifications occur within the profound changes in the international system of states, as in the framework of a series of dynamics at the national level that provide a new constitutional framework from 1991 onwards. Finally, we try to contextualize the way in which academic production in this regard problematizes the relationship between security and constitution of the state monopoly of force, its scope and limitations. Set of perspectives considered necessary to contemplate as a contribution to the processes of construction of security policies in the framework of the Colombian post-conflict
Estudios estratégicos: entre la rigurosidad y la subjetividad / Strategic studies: between rigour and subjectivity
Get PDFThis paper proposes that the limited dialogue and debate amongst groups of academics from different regions and perspectives have contributed to the unlimited expansion of the strategic spectrum and the themes that cover strategic studies. From a methodological perspective and in order to develop this argument, this article provides a descriptive-analytical study of the literature of the field of strategic studies, from three different angles: worldwide, regional and national. The text develops with the fundamental premise that “strategy”, as object of study, has lost its original content as an analytical concept as a result of the broadening of its meaning.El presente artículo propone que los reducidos diálogos y debates entre los grupos académicos provenientes de las diferentes regiones y perspectivas han contribuido a la expansión ilimitada de las temáticas abarcadas por los estudios estratégicos. Desde una perspectiva metodológica y para desarrollar este argumento, este artículo hace un análisis descriptivo-analítico de la literatura sobre los estudios estratégicos desde tres diferentes encuadres: mundial, regional y nacional. El texto se desarrolla con la premisa fundamental de que la “estrategia” como objeto de estudio ha perdido su cualidad de concepto analítico a causa de su ampliación más allá de lo militar.
Abstract
This paper proposes that the limited dialogue and debate amongst groups of academics from different regions and perspectives have contributed to the unlimited expansion of the strategic spectrum and the themes that cover strategic studies. From a methodological perspective and in order to develop this argument, this article provides a descriptive-analytical study of the literature of the field of strategic studies, from three different angles: worldwide, regional and national. The text develops with the fundamental premise that “strategy”, as object of study, has lost its original content as an analytical concept as a result of the broadening of its meaning
Era da migração ao século da segurança: o surgimento de ‘políticas de controle com rosto (des)humano’
Get PDFAlthough the official discourse, accepted practically by all the States, speaks of a "regular, orderly and safe" migration, which has been sealed in the Global Compact for Migration, contemporary human mobility differs greatly from the desire of the rulers both in the profile and in the routes used to reach destination. This article reviews a number of 'migratory landscapes' in several places on the planet that have had as a correlate the State´s response to greater controls, appealing to the discourse of national sovereignty. The following thesis is proposed: that in this new stage of neoliberalism we are witnessing the emergence of control policy with an (in) human face of neo-fascist character, especially with the rise to power of nationalist and far-right governments that promote and practice xenophobia, racism and aporophobia. This has resulted in increased deportation, judicialization of migration, expulsion, confinement, construction of walls, extortion, kidnapping, disappearances, torture and death.Si bien el discurso oficial, aceptado prácticamente por todos los Estados, habla de una migración “regular, ordenada y segura”, lo cual ha quedado sellado en el Pacto Global de las Migraciones, la movilidad humana contemporánea difiere mucho del deseo de los gobernantes, tanto en el perfil como en las vías utilizadas para llegar al destino. El presente artículo pasa revista a algunos “paisajes migratorios” en varios lugares del planeta, que han tenido como correlato la respuesta estatal de mayores controles, apelando al discurso de la soberanía nacional. Se plantea la tesis de que en esta nueva etapa del neoliberalismo estamos presenciando el surgimiento de políticas de control con rostro (in)humano de carácter neofascista, sobre todo con el ascenso al poder de Gobiernos nacionalistas y de extrema derecha, que impulsan y practican la xenofobia, el racismo y la aporofobia. Esto ha resultado en un incremento de la deportación, judicialización de la migración, expulsión, confinamiento, construcción de muros, extorsiones, secuestros, desapariciones, tortura y muerte.
Abstract
Although the official discourse, accepted practically by all the States, speaks of a "regular, orderly and safe" migration, which has been sealed in the Global Compact for Migration, contemporary human mobility differs greatly from the desire of the rulers both in the profile and in the routes used to reach destination. This article reviews a number of 'migratory landscapes' in several places on the planet that have had as a correlate the State´s response to greater controls, appealing to the discourse of national sovereignty. The following thesis is proposed: that in this new stage of neoliberalism we are witnessing the emergence of control policy with an (in) human face of neo-fascist character, especially with the rise to power of nationalist and far-right governments that promote and practice xenophobia, racism and aporophobia. This has resulted in increased deportation, judicialization of migration, expulsion, confinement, construction of walls, extortion, kidnapping, disappearances, torture and death.Mesmo que o discurso oficial, aceito praticamente por todos os Estados, fale de uma migração "regular, ordenada e segura" e que este discurso se tenha consolidado no Pacto Global das Migrações, a mobilidade humana contemporânea está longe do desejo dos governantes, tanto em relação ao perfil dos migrantes, como respeito às vias utilizadas para chegar ao seu destino. O presente artigo analisa algumas "paisagens migratórias" em vários lugares do planeta que têm tido como correlato a resposta estatal de maiores controles apelando ao discurso da soberania nacional. Neste estudo se propõe a tese de que, nesta nova etapa do neoliberalismo, estamos presenciando o surgimento de políticas com rosto (des)humano de caráter neofascista, sobretudo com o ascenso ao poder de governos nacionalistas e de extrema direita que promovem e praticam a xenofobia, o racismo e a aporafobia. Isto tem gerado como resultado o aumento de deportações, a judialização da migração, expulsões, confinamento, construção de muros, extorsões, sequestros, desapariçoes, tortura e morte. 
Gobernanza e instrumentos de política: un análisis de la política de turismo comunitario del Ecuador
Get PDFEste artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la política de turismo comunitario del Ecuador. A partir de una perspectiva instrumental, se argumenta que el reglamento para normar los centros de turismo comunitario constituye un instrumento de "bloqueo" que impide el despliegue de los otros instrumentos, es inconsistente con un objetivo central de la política y contradice la práctica del turismo comunitario. Estos problemas serían consecuencia de la interacción desplegada en torno a la política entre diferentes lógicas y modos de gobernanza, particularmente de la imposición de un modo de gobernanza jerárquico en la concepción y el diseño del mencionado reglamento.  
Pedagogía y colonialidad en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. El caso de la escuela Cabo Minacho Padilla (1960-1979) de José Alberto Flores Jácome
No full textReview of Pedagogía y colonialidad en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. El caso de la escuela Cabo Minacho Padilla (1960-1979)Reseña de Pedagogía y colonialidad en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. El caso de la escuela Cabo Minacho Padilla (1960-1979)Resenha de Pedagogía y colonialidad en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. El caso de la escuela Cabo Minacho Padilla (1960-1979
Apresentação do dossiê. As dimensões do trabalho político: habilidades, escalas, recursos e trajetórias
No full textThis article presents an analytical overview of the topic of political operators, politicians and political professionals drawing on the literature and empirical research including sociological approaches, ethnographic work and the specialized literature. Drawing on the sociology of political practice, a definition of political work is developed which centres on three aspects: the skills and practical abilities that politicians develop, the resources that are employed and the outputs of political practice. From here, we propose and dissect a range of key analytic dimensions (scales of action, resources, skills, careers and trajectories) to configure the objectives for research on this topic from the everyday practices of politicians and political professionals. Finally, we situate different modes of political practice within the broader social worlds in which they exist.El artículo presenta una primera sistematización analítica de la categoría “trabajo político”, a partir de experiencias de investigación acumuladas en trabajos de campo de corte sociológico y etnográfico y de literatura especializada. Desde una sociología de las prácticas políticas, el artículo construye una definición del trabajo político centrada en tres aspectos: las competencias y habilidades prácticas que desarrollan los políticos, los recursos que utilizan y los productos que crean. A partir de allí, propone y disecciona un conjunto de dimensiones analíticas (escalas de acción, recursos y destrezas, carreras y trayectorias políticas) que consideramos clave para construir objetos de investigación a partir del hacer cotidiano de los actores políticos. El artículo cierra situando los modos en que los mundos sociales permean las prácticas políticas.Este texto apresenta uma sistematização analítica da categoria trabalho político a partir de experiências de pesquisa acumuladas em trabalhos de campo de caráter sociológico, etnográfico e de literatura especializada. Desde uma sociologia de práticas políticas, neste artigo se constrói uma definição do trabalho político centrada em três aspectos: as competências e habilidades práticas desenvolvidas pelos políticos, os recursos que usam e os produtos que criam. A partir disto, se propõem e examinam um conjunto de dimensões analíticas fundamentais (escalas de ação, recursos e habilidades, carreiras e trajetórias políticas) para configurar objetos de pesquisa a partir do trabalho cotidiano de atores políticos. Finalmente, são localizadas as formas em que os mundos sociais atravessam as práticas políticas.
 
Os sistemas de protesto, o estado e a paixão pela sociologia política. Diálogo com Marco Estrada Saavedra
Get PDFMethods of Protest, the State and a Passion for Political Sociology. A Dialogue with Marco Estrada SaavedraLos sistemas de protesta, el Estado y la pasión por la sociología política. Un diálogo con Marco Estrada SaavedraOs sistemas de protesto, o estado e a paixão pela sociologia política. Diálogo com Marco Estrada Saavedr