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SHAKESPEARE`S SHYLOCK: AN AVARICIOUS VILLAIN, A VICTIM, OR A COMPLEX FUSION OF BOTH
No full textThis paper aims to explore the evolving critical perspectives on Shylock, a character from W. Shakespeare’s play “The Merchant of Venice”, assessing whether he embodies the traits of an avaricious villain, a sympathetic victim, or a complex amalgamation of both. It includes a personal evaluation of Shylock’s multifaceted character, drawing upon biblical passages that illuminate the sin of avarice, as well as insights from ancient and medieval sources such as Plutarch, Gregory of Nyssa, Evagrius, Dante Alighieri, and Renaissance thinkers like Martin Luther, Pierre de La Primadauye, and Thomas Wilson. Beyond examining Shylock’s avaricious nature, the paper also investigates whether his character trajectory aligns with de La Primadauye’s contemporary portrayal of an individual who begins as avaricious and subsequently becomes consumed by anger and revenge
THE MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE MEDIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA IN THE PERIOD 1990-2023
No full textMacedonians in Albania, as part of the Macedonian people, nurture and affirm their national and cultural identity in several ways. One of them is through the media. In Albania, above all, in the places where Macedonians live, more media in the Macedonian language are published in printed form, but there are also media in electronic form (local radios and televisions). With the democratization of the Albanian society and the introduction of political pluralism in Albania, several NGOs were registered by the Macedonians, which, above all, had a mission to promote the rights of the Macedonians in that country, including in the field of information
ON THE INTERGRABILITY OF A SUBCLASS OF 2D MATRIX DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
No full textIn this paper, the 2D matrix differential equations are considered. Under certain conditions, using the Rodrigues’ formula for these 2D matrix differential equations, a particular solution is obtained. Finally, this theory is supported by examples
USE CASES FOR BPMN AND UML TOOLS
No full textBusiness Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) are two widely adopted tools for modeling in business and software engineering respectively. This paper explores the use cases for both BPMN and UML tools, highlighting their respective applications, differences, and synergies. By examining their features and specific scenarios where each tool excels, this research provides insights into how organizations can effectively leverage these tools for optimal outcomes
MULTI-ACTION GRID AUTHENTICATION: A SECURE AND USABLE AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM FOR SMART TOUCH DEVICES
No full textIn the digital age, securing smart touch devices is of paramount importance to safeguard sensitive information. Traditional graphical password systems, while convenient, remain vulnerable to attacks such as shoulder surfing and smudge tracing. This paper introduces a novel multi-action grid authentication system that enhances security while preserving ease of use. The system allows users to authenticate by performing two actions—tapping and replacing—within a 3x3 grid. Through iterative development and testing, the method shows significant improvements in preventing common security threats while maintaining high user satisfaction. A thorough analysis of password space is also conducted, demonstrating the system\u27s robust resistance to brute-force attacks. Our findings suggest that this multi-action approach offers a secure, efficient alternative to existing graphical password systems
FROM FEMICIDE TO MURDER IN SELF- DEFENSE - THE CULMINATION OF GENDERBASED VIOLENCE IN R. N. MACEDONIA, WITH REFERENCE TO NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND PRACTICE
No full textThe ratification of international instruments to combat gender-based violence (such as the Istanbul
Convention) and legal solutions that were not sensitive enough to respond to real current needs, conditions
changes that, in practice, should mean a significantly better and more adequate handling of this matter and
hopefully, achieving the desired prevention. The amendments and additions to the Criminal Code that took
place in February 2023 significantly improved the legal framework and harmonized the material criminal
law with the mentioned Convention, however what is essential is the practice and implementation of the
provisions in life. Until the mentioned changes, the acts of the perpetrators of femicide or its attempt were
mostly qualified as forms of serious bodily injury or murder, a basic form, which did not adequately capture
the seriousness of the act, its harm and the motivations of the perpetrator. Femicide, as the most serious
manifestation of gender-based violence, is not only a legal but above all a social problem, which requires a
proper legislative response. On the other hand, often as an outcome of gender-based violence against women
is the killing of the aggressor by the primary victim, which causes difficulty for adequate qualification in
practice and adequate treatment.
In the following paper, we will give an overview of the changes that were made, in order to identify possible
omissions or highlight positive aspects of the changes in this area. Special attention will be paid to the
importance of implementing these provisions, which should improve the efficiency of the legal system in
prevention, suppression and punishment. The paper aims to raise awareness of femicide and murder as an
outcome of gender-based violence, as a serious social problem that requires urgent and concrete measures,
as well as to encourage legal changes in the direction of improvement and alignment with the emergence of
new forms and sub-forms of gender-based violence
THE LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR ACHIEVING THE PROTECTION OF THE EMPLOYEES AGAINST COLLECTIVE DISMISSALS INTRODUCTION
No full textEfforts to create a sustained labor legal system are quite present in our country, considering the number of
regulations that regulate the rights and obligations of employment, in the direction of the comprehensive
incorporation of numerous European standards into a system that will enable normal functioning in in
accordance with the constitutional norms. With the adoption of the Law on Labor Relations, the Republic
of Macedonia has already created a legal basis for the construction of labor legislation such as is known in
European countries. The numerous amendments and additions to this Law, which are a consequence of the
obligations undertaken from the signing of the Stabilization and Association Agreement, as well as from the
numerous international conventions and recommendations, mark a step closer to achieving the goal -
creation of labor legislation according to European and international standards.
When it comes to labor rights, the role of the International Labor Organization (ILO) must not and cannot
be overlooked, which, according to its Constitution and the Declaration on the Aims and Tasks of the ILO,
has a single purpose and that is to improve living conditions and the foundations for lasting peace, which
can be based solely on social justice. This goal can only be achieved through cooperation between
government representatives, workers and employers. Regarding the rights of the employee and the
obligations of the employer when it comes to the termination of the employment relationship by termination
of the employment contract for business reasons, two documents of the ILO are considered very significant
and which are simultaneously transferred or transposed into our labor legislation, namely: the Convention
No. 158, on the termination of the employment relationship at the initiative of the employer, 1983, and
Recommendation No. 166 regarding the termination of the employment relationship at the initiative of the
employer
ISSUES OF POLICE POWERS OF IDENTIFICATION IN SLOVENIA
No full textPolice officers exercise the police power of establishing identity on a daily basis. It is one of the mildest
repressive measures that police officers use to interfere with the human rights and fundamental freedoms of
citizens. Any restriction of human rights and fundamental freedoms in police procedures must comply with
the requirements of a democratic society, the rule of law and the supremacy of law. The fundamental rule of
any democratic society or state is that the state has no right to interfere with the rights of an individual until
there is a certain degree of probability that the individual has violated the legally defined social norms. A
sound knowledge of police powers is the basis for the lawful, professional and correct execution of police
tasks. It is also important that those involved in police procedures are aware of the duties of a police officer.
The latter is important not only to enable people to assert their rights if they feel they have been infringed,
but also to ensure that people do not resist or otherwise encourage harsher police action in the legitimate
exercise of police duties.
This article fully defines the legal basis of the police authority to establish identity in the police procedure.
It outlines the types of police procedures and the ways in which persons may fail to cooperate in the
procedures, as well as the measures taken by police officers to ensure the successful performance of the
police task, which include the police powers of arrest and detention. The issue of recording police
procedures by the police and by citizens is also highlighted.
Finally, guidelines are given that relate to the issue of the power under consideration and to ensure the safety
of police officers
THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL ADAPTATION AND THE IMPETUS OF THE ACCESSION PROCESS TO ITS IMPROVEMENT
No full textIn the context of the accession of the Western Balkans to the EU, which geopolitical challenges have
recently pushed to completion, the defence of fundamental European values and the institutional principles,
that are their expression, is becoming increasingly urgent. A new commitment has emerged on the part of
the European Union to reassert its unity and its responsiveness to welcome the new candidates, imposing a
revision of the institutional system within which enlargement must take place. The eastward enlargement
of 2004-2005, based on conditional rules, imposing respect for democracy and the rule of law, already
revealed that the deepening of the EU\u27s constitutional set-up cannot be separated from the opening of the
negotiations with potential new members. Indeed, the absence of clear rules governing the entry of new
States, which would, for their part, undertake to respect the obligations arising from European law, on the
one hand, and the presence of an incomplete apparatus of sanctions for cases of violation of these
obligations, on the other hand, would impede the orderly development of the integration process. As will be
seen, reaffirming that respect for fundamental values within the meaning of Article 2 TEU constitutes a
primary, non-negotiable and mandatory obligation, especially at the time of enlargement, is of absolute
importance, and it is equally important that this obligation be promptly guaranteed by political and
jurisdictional remedies of a punitive nature. On the contrary, a disengagement on such issue would
undermine the credibility of the European project whose historical and ideological significance is based on
an identity common to European nations
THE EFFECTS OF ANNULMENT OF ARBITRATION AWARDS
No full textThe subject of this paper is the legal outcome and effects of annulment of the arbitration awards. The annulled arbitration award does not produce any legal effect in the country in which it was annulled, neither in any other country, which means that its recognition, i.e. execution, cannot be achieved. However, there are certain exceptions on the basis of which an arbitral award may be recognized and enforced in some countries despite having been annulled. This possibility derives from the European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration from Geneva, 1961 and the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards from New York, 1958. The dilemma in arbitration legal science is whether such a procedural possibility should exist at all. My research shows that some jurisdictions have a stricter regime for instance - the one in the United States of America where arbitration legislation does not allow an annulled arbitral award by the host country to produce legal effect on its territory, while France has a much more liberal regime. Regarding the legal outcome of annulled arbitration decisions, the following dilemmas are also present: which forum is competent for further dispute resolution - state court or arbitration, what happens with the arbitration agreement and with the mandate of the arbitration court. The purpose of this paper is to provide an answer to most dilemmas regarding the legal outcome and effects of annulment of arbitration decisions through a comparative review of legal norms and judicial practice in countries with different legal systems