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    PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE IN GERMAN LANGUAGE AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE IN THE LITERARY WORK “PARFUM” BY PATRICK SÜSKIND

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    The semantic meaning of the prepositions of place in the German language which is the subject of research in this paper, will be analyzed generally on examples from the German literary work “Parfum” (Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, by Patrick Süskind) and the Macedonian translation of the same work. A detailed analysis of the prepositions of place an, auf, vor and hinter is conducted in this paper regarding their meanings and functions in the sentence in the mentioned work in German language and their equivalents in Macedonian language. We will attempt to differentiate the preposition of place an and auf according toGerman and Macedonian grammar books and with the appropriate translation elements, about which often pose difficulties when translating from German into Macedonian and vice versa

    РАЗВОЈНА КОМПОНЕНТА НА БУЏЕТОТ НА РСМ- МОЖНОСТИ ЗA ЕКОНОМСКИ РАСТ И РАЗВОЈ

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    Буџетот на РСМ треба да обезбеди услови за забрзан и одржлив економски развој, фискална консолидација и зацврстување на фискалната одржливост, како и забрзување на европските интеграции на РСМ кон ЕУ. Во последните години забележливо е дека буџетските трошоци растат со побрзо темпо во однос на буџетските приходи со што се зголемува буџетскиот дефицит, а сето ова води кон зголемување на државниот и јавниот долг. Потребна е фискална консолидација на буџетот преку зголемена контрола на наплатата на приходите и трошењата на државните пари. Потребно е да се намали неформалната економија и да се спречи корупцијата. Макроекономската стабилност може да се постигне само преку оптимизирање на буџетската структура, преку зголемено учество на капиталните расходи во вкупните буџетски расходи. Потребно е да зголемат капиталните инвестиции во инфраструктурни проекти во патната и железничката инфраструктура, енергетската и комуналната инфраструктура, во здравствениот, образовниот и социјалниот систем. Аграрниот сектор како примарен сектор на македонската економија заслужува повеќе инвестиции кои ќе го поддржуваат секторот во сите етапи од производството на нива па се до пласманот на сурови и преработени производи на трпезата на македонските граѓани, но и пласман на македонското земјоделско производство на европските и светските пазари. Во финансирањето на планираните инвестиции треба да се вложат напори за поголемо искористување на средствата од донациите, а пред се од ИПА фондовите на ЕУ кои недоволно се користат, исто како што нецелосно се искористуваат и земените заеми и кредити од надворешните извори на финансирање за кои државата плаќа камати како за искористениот така и за неискористениот дел од одобрените средства.&nbsp

    ENRICHING THE SULTAN TRAIL WITH NORTH MACEDONIA\u27S OTTOMAN SITES

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    Cultural tourism routes are typically designed for specific groups of travelers, offering opportunities to explore remnants of the past, both tangible and intangible. North Macedonia boasts a diverse array  if cultural relics dating back to the Ottoman period, including bazaars, bridges, hammams, bedestens, karavansarays, clock towers, mosques, and various other types of buildings. This research employs an experiential approach to investigate the feasibility of integrating selected Ottoman heritage sites in  North Macedonia (specifically Ohrid, Resen, and Bitola) into the existing Sultans Trail cultural route, which stretches from Vienna to Istanbul. Interviews with local tour guides, who are highly experienced in packaged tours tailored to Ottoman heritage, support the potential for extending the main cultural route. A concise summary of the proposed itinerary, informed by experiential judgment, leads to qualitative findings. Utilizing the Saint Gallen Destination Management model, the study maps out strategic visitor flows, facilitating the integration of North Macedonia into the broader Sultan Trail route spanning 2,500 km. Finally, the research underscores the significance of this extension for further tourism development of the country.&nbsp

    MACEDONIAN LITERARY CRITICISM FROM THE 19TH CENTURY OF THE WORK OF GRIGOR PRLICHEV

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    In this paper we refer to the echo of Grigor Prlichev\u27s work in the Macedonian literary criticism from the 19th century. As a leader of Macedonian literature, Prlichev impressed the Macedonian literary figures of this time. Some of them were his collaborators, some were his students, whereas others knew him only through his poetic work, but they all had exceptional respect not only for his literary legacy, but for his involvement in the field of education and church struggle as well. In this paper we present to the wider Macedonian audience the views and criticism on the poet from Ohrid of the Macedonian authors Jordan Ivanov, Georgi Balaschev, Kuzman Shapkarev, Dimitar Matov, Kliment Skopakov and Lev Ognenov. Keywords: Grigor Prlichev; Macedonian literature of the 19th century; literary criticism

    REVIEW OF THE WORKS OF MACEDONIAN AUTHORS IN THE TURKISH CHILDREN’S MAGAZINE “BAHÇE” PUBLISHED IN NORTH MACEDONIA

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    After the dissolution of the Socialist Federation of the Former Yugoslavia, challenging times began for Turkish publishing in North Macedonia. Following the cessation of Birlik newspaper\u27s publishing activities, children\u27s magazines Sevinç and Tomurcuk were also halted abruptly. Concurrently, Bahçe children\u27s magazine commenced publication. The first issue of Bahçe, produced by Yeni Balkan Publishing House, appeared in September-October 2004, with its final issue, the 36th, released in January-February-March 2024. Each edition of Bahçe magazine features poems by Turkish poets alongside genres from Macedonian literature. Given North Macedonia\u27s multi-ethnic structure, many shared cultural values are evident, influencing language, culture, and particularly literature. Over centuries of coexistence in North Macedonia, Turkish, Albanian, and Macedonian communities have not only published their respective literary genres but have also featured literary works in each other\u27s languages within their own journals. This study analyzes the works of Macedonian writers written in Macedonian using the Cyrillic alphabet, which are published as a distinct section in Bahçe magazine. Keywords: Children\u27s magazines; Bahçe magazine; Macedonian literature types

    THE SYNONYMOUS CHARACTERS WITH THE ACTING FUNCTION OF HELPERS IN THE MACEDONIAN DRAMA FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

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    This paper titled "Synonymous characters with an actant function of assistants in the Macedonian drama of the first half of the 20th century" presents a semiological analysis of the synonymous characters in selected plays. It presents a semiological analysis of the synonymous characters with an actant function of assistants in the plays of Vojdan Chernodrinski: Macedonian bloody wedding, Masters, Spirit of Liberty; the drama in five acts by Nikola Kirov Majski, Ilinden; Vasil Iljoski\u27s plays: Begalka, Chorbaji Teodos and Chest; Anton Panov\u27s most famous play, Pechalbari; and Risto Krle\u27s plays: Money is numbing, Antica and Million Martyrs. The analysis will be carried out using the techniques of character integration and the actant model by Algeridas Julien Greimas. Through the analysis of character synonymy, the paper ultimately identifies the synonymous characters with an actant function as assistants in some of the most prominent Macedonian dramas from the first half of the 20th century.   Keywords: drama; character; signs; integration; synonyms

    BARTIN EPÇİLER VILLAGE “SU KIZI” MEMORAT’S INFLUENCE ON THE LOCAL WAY OF LİFE

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    People have felt the need to explain and make sense of supernatural events they witnessed or heard from others. This desire for explanation also paves the way for people to come together around common values. Folk narratives are important for ensuring the continuation of this unity around common values. Folk narratives have contributed to the formation of cultural dynamics. They reflect the way of life and beliefs of the people, as well as ensuring cultural continuity. This unity and continuity create a layered cultural fabric on local, regional, and national levels. Because these layers interweave, regional narratives often exhibit similarities. One reason for this similarity is that folk narratives can provide both individual and collective relief in explaining complex and unexplainable situations. Memorats are one of the folk narratives that provide this relief. Memorats explain extraordinary situations in line with the beliefs of the people and are stories that captivate the listener with emotions like fear, anxiety, and excitement when heard for the first time. These orally transmitted narratives, handed down from generation to generation, form the foundation of a regional or national belief system. This study focuses on an example of narrative tradition within a regional context. It provides information about the emergence of the "Su Kızı" narrative in Epçiler Village, located in Bartın Province, as a basis for the hesitation of the villagers to go down to the riverbank. Based on face-to-face interviews with eleven residents of the village, the impact of this narrative on the villagers\u27 hesitation to go down to the riverbank will be discussed. The study also covers the influence of the "Su Kızı" narrative on the culture of living together from the past to the present, and a comparison of the local-regional narrative with national-universal narratives. The importance of documenting the "Su Kızı" memorat for Epçiler Village in Bartın is highlighted in this study.   Keywords: Folk Narrative; Memorat; Culture; Fear; Way of Life

    EFL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD THE USE OF PODCASTS AS A LANGUAGE LEARNING MEDIUM TO INCREASE LEARNING INTEREST

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    Podcasts offer a free and entertaining way of acquiring content that cuts across every discipline, including language acquisition. Thus, they can be used in classrooms worldwide to foster student engagement and increase access to target languages. This study evaluated the potential of podcasts to elicit interest in learning among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. The authors employed a mixed-methods approach to provide a holistic view of students\u27 podcast use, perceived usefulness, and challenges faced. Data were collected by administering a structured questionnaire to 42 EFL students representing various educational backgrounds. The descriptive data collected demographic information, current podcast usage, perceptions about podcasts always, and estimated impact on learning interest. Attitudes toward podcasts with different demographic variables were compared with independent t-tests. Results suggest that students positively perceive the use of podcasts for learning. Moreover, there is a significant positive relationship between the use of podcasting media and its perceived impact on learning.   Keywords: EFL; podcast; language; learning attitudes; learning interest

    PRISON

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    A prison sentence in law refers to the punishment imposed by a court on an individual who has been convicted of a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration. It is a cornerstone of criminal justice systems worldwide and serves multiple purposes, including punishment, rehabilitation, deterrence, and societal protection.When a person is found guilty of committing a crime, the judge presiding over the case determines the appropriate punishment, which may include a period of time spent in prison. The length of the prison sentence typically depends on various factors, such as the severity of the crime, the defendant\u27s criminal history, mitigating or aggravating circumstances, and the jurisdiction\u27s sentencing guidelines

    SOLUTION TO THE CATENARY PROBLEM BY APPLYING THE FUNDAMENTAL LEMMA OF VARIATIONAL CALCULUS

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    In this paper, we will prove a theorem for functional where prove that necessary condition for extreme of functional is the variation of functional is equal to zero and we will give an example of its application, to the catenary problem

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