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LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF FASHION-RELATED NOUNS IN THEITALIAN LANGUAGE BASED ON EXAMPLES FROM THE MAGAZINE“DONNA MODERNA”
No full textThis paper focuses on a lexical analysis of nouns in the Italian language based on several articles from the Italian fashion magazine “Donna Moderna”. To introduce the specific topic, the paper first presents the basic concepts of the scientific discipline of lexicology. The emergence and development of the Italian language are shown through the structure from the Latin base, enriched by loanwords and the formation of new words under the influence of various socio-economic conditions. The borrowing of lexemes has been a continuous process from the early adoption of Latin words to the present day when most of the lexemes are borrowed from modern European languages. These borrowings contribute to the expansion of the Italian vocabulary in all areas of life and have a particularly strong influence on the lexicon of fashion, which is an important aspect of Italian everyday life. The theoretical framework provides the criteria for selecting nouns in the practical part of this study. This section highlights the linguistic and cultural influence of foreign words in the vocabulary of contemporary topics – specifically, fashion
The role of monetary policy during the global financial crisis - the case of North Macedonia
No full textThe global financial crisis that arose as a result of the fall in real estate prices in the United States, the enormous increase of borrowers who owned a mortgage loan that could not repay and the bankruptcy of the Lehman brothers as a symbol of the crisis caused a significant destabilization of the financial markets and a drastic decline of stock exchange activities both in the USA and in other economies in the world. In order to stabilize economies from the global transmission of the crisis, governments and central banks created a series of fiscal and monetary measures. Although a large number of economists from the Keynesian provenance indicate the importance of the role of fiscal policy in the stabilization of economies during the crisis, empirical research indicates the significance of monetary measures in the domain of increasing the liquidity of the financial sector and stabilizing macroeconomic flows. The subject of the research paper is the role of the monetary policy and the measures of the National Bank of North Macedonia created during the global financial crisis in the direction of stabilizing the Macedonian economy.The purpose of the research paper is to examine the effects of monetary measures and policies on the key economic indicators of North Macedonia. The research paper is based on secondary methods and is composed of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, trend analysis and regression analysis.Based on the research, it can be concluded that North Macedonia, as a small and open economy, volatile to international economic trends, notes certain effects of the global crisis, while the National Bank of North Macedonia resorted to adapting the monetary policy in the direction of sterilization of the effects of the crisis and stabilization of the macroeconomic situation
80 YEARS OF UNRESTRICTED DEVELOPMENT OF MACEDONIAN LITERATURE: REFLECTIONS AND THEORETICAL NOTES
No full textThis paper summarizes the author’s research on the formation and evolution of Macedonian literature in the Macedonian literary language, focusing on its fundamental characteristics and key influencing factors. Special attention is given to the so-called uneven or “accelerated” development observed in the Macedonian literature from 1945 until the early 1980s. Drawing on the works of prominent Russian scholars such as Gorgi Gachev, Gannady Pospelov and Alexander Gugnin, as well as Macedonian researchers like Milan Gjurchinov and Miodrag Drugovac, the paper analyzes the processes that enriched Macedonian culture. Its growth was grounded in both- folklore and the legacy of world literature. In the immediate postwar period, Russian literary traditions played a particular important role. In the following decades, symbolism, surrealism, existentialism and expressionism from European and Russian literature simultaneously took root in Macedonian literary ground. A modern system of literary genres was established in a remarkably short time. The role of translation in shaping and developing the national literature is also emphasized as well. Special attention is paid to the significance of Blaze Koneski in enriching the national literary heritage. Contemporary writers increasingly draw on their own artistic traditions and strive to resist the challenges posed by globalization, especially regarding threats to national languages
OTHERNESS AND GENDER PERFORMATIVITY IN JOYCE’S DUBLINERS AND ULYSSES
No full textThis paper examines the construction of women as the “other” in James Joyce’s Dubliners and Ulysses through a feminist theoretical lens, employing a close reading of selected women characters, including Eveline, Maria, Gretta Conroy, Mrs. Mooney, Gerty MacDowell, and Molly Bloom. By analyzing pivotal narrative moments such as Eveline’s paralysis at the dock, Maria’s disrupted rituals, Gretta’s emotional silence, Mrs. Mooney’s tactical manipulation of gender norms, Gerty’s self-objectification, and Molly’s embodied monologue, the paper illustrates how Joyce both reflects and subverts early twentieth-century patriarchal norms. Women’s identity is shown to be performatively constructed and narratively constrained, yet occasionally resisting these limits through fragmented acts of agency. Irigaray’s notion of woman as the supporting “mirror” to man clarifies the structural marginalization of these characters, while Butler’s emphasis on repetition and performativity exposes the instability of gender roles in Joyce’s texts. The study also engages with recent feminist literary criticism that re-evaluates Joyce’s work in light of contemporary concerns, foregrounding voice, embodiment, and shifting models of women’s subjectivity, while also addressing the intersection of gender and class through insights from material feminism and social reproduction theory. Ultimately, Joyce’s fiction is shown to participate in a complex negotiation of gendered identity, revealing both the constraints of patriarchal narrative and the latent potential for feminist disruption
PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL
No full textThe subject of this research is the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil, which is applied in cases where the satisfaction of creditors’ claims against companies is jeopardized due to possible abuses committed by the manager or the members/shareholders of the company.In essence, the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil entails disregarding the separate legal personality of the company and extending liability for its obligations to its founders, members, or shareholders.In the following sections, this doctrine will be defined through the prism of several theoretical approaches, as well as its regulation under the Macedonian Company Law. Furthermore, we will examine the origins of the practice of piercing the corporate veil, its presence and regulation in the legal systems of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and ultimately focus on its regulation and application in Macedonian law. This will be illustrated through examples from Macedonian case law, with the aim of emphasizing its importance and practical application
IMPARTIALITY OF THE COURT IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS – CURRENT ISSUES
No full textThe right to an independent and impartial tribunal is one of the most important guarantees ofthe right to a fair trial, according to the most important international documents belonging to European human rights law, but also according to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.It is precisely from the jurisprudence of the unofficial, but de facto highest judicial institution in Europe that the impartiality of the court is "acting without prejudice and bias."The impartiality of the court in criminal proceedings is particularly important, given the seriousness of the consequences that the outcome may have for the defendant.It is therefore crucial that the national normative framework offers adequate preventive and protective mechanisms, which ensure that the accused has the right to a defense, which will be opposed not only to the public prosecutor, but also to the court.The author will present the achieved European standards regarding the impartiality of the criminal court, as well as as well as a critical analysis of one of the judgments against the Republic of Serbia, with the aim of finding an adequate formula for achieving this important segment of fair criminal proceedings.
Keywords: the right to an independent and impartial court, the right to a fair trial, criminal proceedings
ЗНАЧЕЊЕТО НА ИМОТОТ СТЕКНАТ ВО БРАК
No full textОтсекогаш големо внимание предизвикувало значењето на имотот стекнат во брак.
Така имотот на брачните другари може да се подели на заеднички и посебен имот. Имотот кој брачните другари ќе го стекнат во текот на траење на брачната заедница претставува нивен заеднички имот. Во трудот ќе стане збор за тоа како имотот на брачните другари се запишува во Агенцијата за катастар на недвижности. Какво би било управувањето со заедничкиот имот па се до можната поделба на заедничкиот имот. Всушност се согледува уредувањето на брачните односи од имотен аспект, при што за сето ова ќе ја погледнеме правната регулатива.
Целта на трудот е да се изврши објаснување на стекнувањето на имотот во брачна заедница. Почнувајќи од тоа како може да биде воопшто имотот, на заеднички и посебен, преку управувањето, поделбата на заедничкиот имот, одговорноста на брачниот другар за обврските, па се до правниот статус на подароците што си ги дале брачните другари еден на друг, пред склучување на бракот или во текот на бракот.
Освен својата теоретска димензија, трудот преку согледување на конкретни примери ја добива и својата практична страна.
Клучни зборови: брак, имот, стекнување, делба, подароци
ЗАШТИТА НА ПРАВОТО НА ПРИВАТНОСТ И ЛИЧНИТЕ ПОДАТОЦИ ВО СУДСКО-ОБВИНИТЕЛСКАТА ПРАКСА ВО РСМ
No full textОвој труд ги истражува правните и процесните механизми за заштита на правото на приватност и личните податоци во рамките на судските постапки во Република Северна Македонија. Се анализираат уставните основи и законската регулатива, со посебен акцент на Законот за заштита на личните податоци и неговата усогласеност со европските стандарди. Преку анализа на судска пракса и практични предизвици, трудот ја истакнува тензијата меѓу транспарентноста на судските процеси и заштитата на чувствителни информации. Дополнително, се разгледува улогата на судиите, судскиот персонал и правните практичари во обезбедувањето усогласеност со обврските за приватност, и се предлагаат препораки за зајакнување на институционалните практики и јавната свест. Истражувањето придонесува кон пошироката дискусија за балансирање на фундаменталните права во спроведувањето на правдата.
Клучни зборови: приватност, лични податоци, судство, заштита, регулатив
CONDITIONAL SHARE OWNERSHIP BY SHAREHOLDER-MANAGER: LEGALANALYSIS OF THE INCORPORATION AGREEMENT AND THE COMPANY CHARTERUNDER KOSOVO’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK
No full textThe conditional awarding of shares to shareholder-manager is a mechanism that can be found in business agreements, particularly in startups, private equity transactions and corporate governance arrangements. This paper examines the legal validity and enforceability of agreements under the Kosovo legal framework that provides a shareholder-manager to own shares upon the condition of the fulfilment of certain business targets. While these mechanisms are meant to align managerial performance with shareholder interests, their legality under the current legislative framework in Kosovo is questionable. This research discusses the use of the corporate charter and the incorporation agreement in setting out the terms of share ownership. It explores the legality of having such provisions in the company’s constituting documents and determines how judicial bodies, such as courts and arbitration tribunals, may interpret these provisions. Besides, this paper explores the primary risks and advantages for companies and shareholder-managers, including protection against poor performance, the threat of shareholder disagreements, and the enforceability of vesting and cliff-period structures. The paper presents a comparative analysis of corporate governance norms in the European Union (EU) and private equity practices in the United States (U.S.), highlighting best practices for the design of conditional share ownership agreements. It also discusses the role of commercial courts and arbitration in resolving disputes arising from such agreements, assessing whether the legal framework in Kosovo provides sufficient guarantees for contractual certainty and business stability. The research concludes with practical suggestions for businesses, investors and attorneys, recommending legislative clarifications and contract drafting techniques to make shareholder agreements both legally effective and enforceable. Consolidating the legal framework on conditional share ownership is bound to foster a more investor-friendly and stable business environment in Kosovo, thereby stimulating heightened corporate transparency, accountability and long-term sustainable value creation.
Keywords: business law, shareholder, manager, share-based compensation, vesting, EU, Kosovo
THE LEGAL JUSTIFICATION FOR COVERT INVESTIGATIVE MEASURES: A REVIEWOF THE USE OF COVERT SEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTSPROTECTION
No full textIn order to detect serious crime, the police can use covert investigative measures, when traditional forensic methods do not yield sufficient evidence for prosecution. Such measures may only be conducted on the basis of statutory provisions and upon orders issued by the public prosecutor\u27s office or the court, as they constitute a significant interference with human rights and fundamental freedoms. The present article deals with various investigative measures, such as covert action and surveillance, with a special focus on covert searches, which have been used in some countries, but are not yet part of the legal system of the Republic of Slovenia. It allows law enforcement authorities to conduct a search without the suspect\u27s knowledge. Given that the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia defines the right to privacy and personal dignity, we will analyze the legal justification of the measure and its impact on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. We will mention a judgment of the European Court of Human Rights which addresses the issue of the legitimacy of these measures and their compliance with fundamental human rights, in particular with regard to the right to privacy, personal dignity and inviolability of the home. We will focus on the need to ensure control over the use of covert investigative measures in order to prevent possible mistreatment, considering both national and international legal norms and the Case- Law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Keywords: covert investigative measures, covert search, legality, human rights and fundamental freedom