UGD Publishing System (Goce Delcev University - Stip / Университет „Гоце Делчев“, Щип)
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INTERPOL\u27S ROLE IN TRACING MISSING CHILDREN
No full textThe disappearance of children represents a serious global challenge with significant social, security, and legal consequences. Interpol, as an international police organization, plays a crucial role in addressing this issue by enabling coordination, information exchange, and the application of modern tools for the identification and recovery of missing children. This paper analyzes Interpol\u27s role in finding missing children, focusing on mechanisms for inter- state cooperation, categories of disappearance, and the application of technologies such as global databases and alert systems like the "Amber Alert."
The paper covers categories of disappearance, ranging from non-violent and family abductions to runaways and harm cases, examining various approaches used for their resolution. Additionally, it discusses the role of Interpol notices and the "Amber Alert" program as innovative and effective tools for rapid response. The research emphasizes the need to improve existing practices through enhanced training, harmonization of international laws, adoption of new technologies, and strengthened collaboration with the community, including social media as a tool that can be integrated into the entire process of locating children
CONSENT TO ARBITRATE AS AN IMPLIED WAIVER OF IMMUNITY FROM EXECUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ICSID CONVENTION
No full textThe effectiveness of ICSID awards, were States to fail to comply with them, ultimately relies on the likelihood of their enforcement before domestic courts; an outcome that finds its main obstacle in the doctrine of immunity from execution, which shields foreign States\u27 property from any kind of coercive attachment. Consequently, the theory of the implied waiver has been suggested as a solution to the problem in light of the Creighton case. After a preliminary framework of the ICSID enforcement system and a concise overview to contextualise the issue of immunity, the paper proposes an analysis of the mentioned theory throughout a breakdown of the leading objections raised against it. Accordingly, attention will be brought to the criticism maintaining that the proposed theory cannot find application within the context of the ICSID Convention, to the position holding that it was refuted by subsequent case-law, and, lastly, to the requirement that the waiver must be explicit, condition that appears to be incompatible with the theory of implied waiver
SMART CITY: A REVIEW OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY
No full textTo ensure better living standards for the population, it is necessary to develop smart cities that utilize modern technology and operational efficiency to facilitate daily life. The primary goal of implementing (or creating) a smart city is to maintain, balance, and continuously upgrade economic, social, and environmental resources while managing costs. Emphasis is placed on maximizing the use of natural resources through energy conservation (utilizing renewables), efficient water usage, time savings, land optimization, environmental quality, traffic management, and the extensive use of information and communication technology systems and services for effective management and their ongoing enhancement. This work aims to create improved functionality, smart connections, and better organization among people, while maximizing the use of natural resources, minimizing environmental pollution, and improving public health
NORMATIVE BELIEFS AS A FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVE AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE
No full textIn order to find the real essence of youth entrepreneurial behaviour, the paper investigates those determinants that are part of social environment and have the greatest influence on the decision of young people to undertake an entrepreneurial venture. The paper is based on theoretical postulates of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The conclusions are drawn from the primary data obtained from empirical research conducted in the Republic of North Macedonia among young students aged 18 to 29 years. The findings show that young people recognize the acceptance of the business community as the most important factor for an entrepreneurial decision.
 
THE IMPLICATIONS OF ADVERTISING AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOR
No full textWith the expansion of digital technologies, advertising strategies are evolving significantly on a daily basis, influencing consumer awareness and behavior by personalizing and making consumption experiences more interactive. The aim of this paper is to analyze the implications that advertising and social media have on consumer awareness and behavior. A comparison is made between traditional and modern methods and approaches to advertising, with a focus on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral influence. Influencers (prominent figures on social media), individualized advertising algorithms, and user-generated content tailored to consumer needs are highlighted as contemporary advertising tools. This research indicates that consumers—especially from younger age groups—often make impulsive purchases due to the constant exposure to social media content from various brands and influencers who frequently advertise brands through tailored content (setting trends), which is often considered manipulative rather than authentic and based on personal views regarding product quality. Although consumers have access to information before making purchases, due to limited product research and the ease of succumbing to persuasive ads, such opportunities are rarely used. This paper will offer recommendations for ethical advertising and help consumers better understand the purpose of digital advertising
IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING SERVICE QUALITY IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY
No full textMeasuring service quality is essential for ensuring greater customer satisfaction as well as sustainable competitiveness in service industries. This research examines methodologies for assessing service quality and their essential role in driving customer satisfaction and loyalty, with a focus on their practical application in service industries. Also, the application of various methods and tools for assessing service quality has highlighted the importance of measuring service quality, due to customer retention, operational efficiency and overall profitability. The research highlighted the impact of measuring service quality by building customer loyalty, improving employee performance, and achieving long-term business succes
ANALYTICAL APPROACH OF MANAGEMENT AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE PROCESS OF FINANCIAL DECISION-MAKING IN TOURISM ENTERPRISES
No full textWith managerial activities, it is necessary to address the problems that arise during the operation of the tourism enterprise. In this way, the desired state is ensured, that is, the achievement of the enterprise\u27s goals in the field of tourism. The essence of managerial activities is decision-making. Management decisions are made in situations characterized by the need for action and the existence of multiple lines of action. At the same time, linking these activities into the function of making the right decisions is a basic condition and task of the financial manager. Of course, all this in the directionof achieving the ultimate goal, increasing shareholder wealth. In this regard, financial management, and especially in tourism, should give an answer to the optimal use of funds, i.e. the use of funds, the provision of sources of financing, the provision of optimal cost of the capital employed, the decision on the distribution of profits, the dividend policy, in order to achieve the stated ultimate goal. The application of an analytical approach in financial decision-making in enterprises in the field of tourism in the Republic of Macedonia is very important for a more efficient and effective realization of the goals
CROWDFUNDING AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF FINANCING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES – CASE OF NORTH MACEDONIA
No full textSmall and medium enterprises are the backbone of the national economy. They are shaping a country’s economy because they have a significant contribution to the creation of job, added value, increasing export and innovation, poverty reduction etc. One of the most serious problems faced by SMEs is the lack of financial resources and limited access to alternative forms for business funding. Considering this and the emergence of the economic crises in the world, the access to finance has become one of the most research topics. In the Republic of North Macedonia, SMEs usually use 3F money (founders, family, friends) and traditional sources of financing, such as bank loans with high interest rates and complex procedures. Furthermore, SMEs have no alternatives for financing business activities due to underdevelopment of the capital market.
Crowdfunding is a new model for collecting funds through the Internet by "open invitation" to large number of investors with relatively small contributions. Considering this, the main aim of the paper is to analyze crowdfunding as a source of SMEs financing in the Republic of North Macedonia. Therefore, a survey will be conducted on a sample of SMEs. The findings highlight that crowdfunding is a relatively new method of financing and most of the entrepreneurs are not familiar with the benefits of this form for business funding
THE MISCONCEPTION OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: ANALYZING CROWDING IN OHRID, NORTH MACEDONIA
No full textThis study aims to highlight a misconception and a flawed direction in the development of tourism in Ohrid, a transboundary World Heritage (WH) site and the most visited summer tourist destination in North Macedonia. Based on the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model, the paper particularly addresses destination’s ‘Development stage’ (covering the period 2010-2024). By calculating standard indicators for seasonality, tourism density, and intensity, the paper reveals strong pressure from total tourist arrivals resulting in crowding during the high season (July-September). The article emphasizes that the increased visitation is misinterpreted by local tourism policymakers as ‘development’ when it is, in fact, a classic case of ‘tourism crowding’ stemming from lack of planning. Finally, the results open a discussion on the unsustainability of the destination and the potential loss of its WH designation
Is MBI10 the suitable index for the Macedonian Stock Exchange - Аn overview of MSE
No full textThis research paper investigates the suitability of the MBI10 index for the Macedonian Stock Exchange (MSE) by providing a comprehensive analysis of the exchange\u27s structure, stock liquidity, and the performance of the index in comparison to regional and global benchmarks. The paper begins with an introduction to the MSE, detailing the liquidity of the stocks listed, which is critical for understanding market efficiency and investors’ confidence. A thorough analysis of the MBI10 index follows, evaluating its construction, historical performance, and volatility in relation to other significant regional and worldwide indices. Additionally, the research segments the stocks listed on the MSE by sector, proposing new tailored indices that could better reflect the diverse economic activities present within the market. The research pays particular attention to the effects of key events that have impacted stock valuations, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war, the introduction of new trading days, and significant mergers and acquisitions (M&A). By examining these elements, we aim to assess the resilience and adaptability of the MBI10 in capturing market dynamics and investor sentiments in an evolving economic landscape. The study employed various quantitative methods, including beta calculations, regression analysis, seasonality analysis, and market ratios, to evaluate the valuation of stocks and the suitability of the index MBI10. Ultimately, this paper contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding the effectiveness of the MBI10 as a representative index for the MSE, providing valuable insights for investors, policymakers and market analysts