Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Case Study: B. abortus Outbreak in Egyptian Dairy Farm with a Special Reference to Control Programs
Get PDFA storm of abortions was reported in a Holstein dairy farm (150 heads) at Dakahlia governorate, Delta region, Egypt. The abortion rate was 25.9% among the pregnant cows between the 5th and 8th months of pregnancy. All animals inside the farm (n=150) have been sampled for a serological survey. Additionally, abomasal contents, retained placenta, and milk samples were sampled for bacteriological isolation and characterization of the causative pathogen of abortion. A total of 16.6 % of the aborted animals were seropositive with RBPT and BAPAT. Abortion materials and retained fetal membranes showed significant association with seropositivity. Moreover, B. abortus bv. 1 was bacteriologically isolated and then underwent confirmation by AMOS-PCR in samples of 20 animals. Increase awareness of occupational personnel on the farm, immediate slaughtering of the sero-positive animals, and vaccination of the sero-negative animals with B. abortus RB51 vaccine (2ml subcutaneous for each animal), are collectively recommended for a rapid control of brucellosis on the farm and for prevention of further abortions
Phylogeny and Differential Gene Expression Profile of IL-1R8 in Normal Dog Tissue
Get PDFInterleukin-1 Receptor 8 (IL-1R8) is a transmembrane protein of the IL-1 receptor family and represents an important regulator of the balance of innate and inflammatory responses. Depending on the immunological insult, IL1-R8 protects from the immunopathology or impairs the protective immune response against the insult. The expression pattern of IL-1R8 in dog tissues is unknown. Given the relevance of inflammatory diseases in dog, the aims of this study were to identify the sequence, analyze the phylogenesis and investigate the differential expression and distribution of IL-1R8 in a wide panel of non-pathologic tissues and organs by means of quantitative Real-Time PCR and uncover species-specific peculiarities. In Canis lupus familiaris, the IL1-R8 gene maps on chromosome 18, and includes ten exons. We first compared the coding sequence of dog IL-1R8 with sequences of other carnivors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that IL-1R8 shares significantly high sequence homology with IL-1R8 of other canids particularly fox, sharing a common progenitor. Our study demonstrated that IL-1R8 is highly expressed in pancreas, considerably expressed in kidney, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, thymus, salivary gland, lymph node and lung. Interestingly, the expression pattern disclosed a unique profile for canine tissues when compared to tissues from other animal’s species. Imbalance of pro-inflammatory response leads to a vicious loop whither pro-inflammatory signaling and injury sustain each other and booster the disease. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate key regulator molecules such as IL-1R8, which functions both in homeostasis and disease and has potential to be a valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarker
Moringa oleifera: A Review of Pharmacological Benefits
Get PDFThe chemical composition of a specific material, the structure that gives it its unique qualities, and indirectly the method of production all has an impact on the selection of an effective bioactive material for medical applications. Moringa is a type of medicinal plant with unique active ingredients that have been traditionally used to treat a variety of conditions. The species is also used to purify water and is recognized as a source of nutrients. The type consists of 13 species that have been extensively domesticated in Asia and Africa, M.O. one of them whose pharmacological values worried scientists to manage. The objective of this study is to provide updated and well-defined information on the traditional uses, biological characteristics, and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera. It will also evaluate upcoming research opportunities. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and other journal articles published between 1994 and 2021 were used to gather the literature for this paper's review. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other properties of Moringa oleifera are well known. Flavonoids, glucosides, and glucosinolates are present in significant concentrations, which activate the majority of its natural activity. We intend to shed light on this plant by outlining the traditional use and pharmacological properties of Moringa
Nephroprotective effect of Alogliptin and L-Carnitine in Gentamicin-induced Toxicity in male Albino rats
Get PDF          The purpose of this investigation is the supportive functions of L-carnitine when co-administered with the DDP-4 inhibitor member and the nephroprotective impact of alogliptin in nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in male Wistar rats. A total number of 25 male Albino rats weighed 130 ± 5.7 g. and divided into five equal groups, G1:(control negative), G2: (control positive, have nephrotoxicity), G3: (treated group with L-carnitine), G4: (treated with Alogliptin) and G5: (treated with alogliptin and L-carnitine). The biochemical results of serum total proteins, albumin, urea, uric acid and creatinine showed significant changes (P ≤ 0.05) among different groups while serum globulin is not significant and the mean value of these parameters showe the significant of G5 than G 3 and G4. The following measures were made in order to identify the oxidative/antioxidant cascades: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT);, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and these parameters were showed significant changes (P ≤ 0.05)  among different groups and the mean value showed the significant of G5 than G 3 and G4. The results of the histological and immunohistochemical analyses point to a possible function for alogliptin and L-carnitine in preventing renal tissue destruction in rat models of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. According to the improvement of various biochemical indicators and oxidative state as well as the restoration of the renal structural integrity and function, treatment with alogliptin or L-carnitine protects the kidney through their antioxidant action. Better results than each medicine alone are seen when the two are combined
Post-hatching Development of Ventriculus in Muscovy Duck: Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Get PDFThe current study described the developmental sequence of the ventriculus of the post-hatching Muscovy ducks of both sexes ranging from 1-60 days old, by using gross-histomorphometic measurements and by using light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The ventriculus was extended from the level of the 4th intercostal space to terminate behind the last rib at variable distances dependent on the age of the duck. The statistical analysis revealed that the length of the ventriculus from that of the stomach was decreased by the advancement of the age, while the weight was increased. At all developmental age-stages, the cuticula gastrica was composed of two layers; vertical rods and horizontal matrix. The vertical rods projected slightly as dentate processes beyond the surface of the mucosa at 30-60dys old. The type of the gizzard gland was different according to the age; it was simple tubular type lining by one type of cells (chief cells) at 1-15 days old, but were compound-branched type lining by two types of cells; chief and basal cells at 30-60 days old. By semithin sections, the secretory basophilic granules within the cells lining of the tubular glands were increased by ageing. Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the chief cells had numerous large sizes electron dense and electron lucent secretory granules. In conclusion, there are wide variations in the morphometrical analysis and the structure of the ventriculus at the developmental age-stages of the duck
Molecular Characterization of Y. enterocolitica Isolated from Dairy Environment with Special Reference to the Antimicrobial Activity of Milk Proteins Hydrolysates
Get PDFYersinia species, especially Yersinia enterocolitica, are considered as the most prevalent milk-borne pathogens. Y. enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis, a zoonotic disease of growing epidemiological importance with significant consequences for public health. A total of 300 samples out of milk and milk products water and environmental samples were collected from dairy cattle rural house and local dairy shops and vendors to be investigated for presence of Yersinia spp. Isolates were molecularly identified and screened for virulence markers, biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance profile. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of milk proteins hydrolysates against Y. enterocolitica was detected. Yersinia spp. was recovered from 50% of the examined samples. The most prevalent species was Y. enterocolitica (isolated from 21.7 and 30% of milk and its products, and environmental samples, respectively). Detection of virulence genes revealed that 24% of Y. enterocolitica isolates harbored both ail and yst genes. Y. enterocolitica isolates showed high antimicrobial resistance to various antimicrobials. Also, different biofilm phenotypes were produced by these isolates. The most produced biofilm phenotype was moderate (68.9%). The parent proteins (CCP, CWP) and their pepsin hydrolysates (P-CCP and P-CWP) were potentially effective in inhibiting Y. enterocolitica growth and peptides P-CWP exhibited the strongest effect against Y. enterocolitica
Variation of Body Measurements in Borgou Cattle Breed in North Benin, West Africa
Get PDFStudying body development in animals is an essential component for improving their production. The objective of this study was to study body measurements with regard to sex and age in Borgou cattle breed reared at the Okpara Breeding Farm. Data were collected on 244 animals (including 114 males and 120 females) distributed in 0-6, 6-12, 12-24, 24-36, 36-48 and >48 months classes. Data were compared using Student t-test in R software. The results showed that age had a very significant effect (p<0.001) on all measurements. For age groups 0-6, 6-12, 12-24 and >48 months, males presented higher values for body measurements ​​than females on the measurements (p<0.05). However, for 24-36 months, the values ​​of measurements such as Height at the withers, Height at the sacrum, Distance from the Head until the Ischium, Body length, Head length, Pelvic width, Head width, and Chest Perimeter were higher in females (p<0.05). Over 48 months, only the values ​​obtained for Pelvic width were significantly higher in females (p<0.001). The results of this study can be used in selection and genetic improvement processes of Borgou cattle to improve the contribution of cattle farming to agricultural GDP in Benin
Tracking the Sources of Contamination and Evaluating the Effect of Cooking on Bacterial Load in Meat Meals Prepared and Served in Foodservice Establishments
Get PDFIn this study, we determined the aerobic plate count, Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus count, and most probable numbers (MPN) of coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia (E.) coli, and the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in 120 samples of beef steak and beef burger at various stages of preparation in a randomly selected food serving establishment in Beni-Suef City, Egypt. Additionally, 60 swab samples from knives, cutting boards, and operator's hands were investigated for the same bacteriological criteria. Subsequently, bacterial isolates were subjected to molecular identification by investigating the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The results showed that 100 % of meat product samples at various stages of preparation contained aerobic bacterial load and Staph. aureus. Conversely, E. coli and L. monocytogenes were undetectable in meat product samples. Interestingly, 13, 7, and 1 out of 20 swab samples from hands contained coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli, respectively, while knives and cutting boards were free from fecal coliforms and E. coli. Furthermore, contamination with Staph. aureus was reported in 100 % of knives and hand swab samples and 50 % of cutting board swab samples. Furthermore, the only E. coli isolate from a worker's hand contained eaeA gene, but not Stx1 gene, which indicates that it is an enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain. Moreover, 6 and 5 Staph. aureus isolates from operator hands and beef steak after cooking had coa and mecA genes, respectively, which are responsible for plasma coagulation and methicillin resistance, respectively. To sum up, this food serving establishment does not apply proper food safety guidelines, practices inadequate cleaning and sanitizing and poor personal hygiene, accordingly, it should be faced with a high level of concern and consideration by the legal authorities
Isolation of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII from Native Chicken in Republic Democratic of Timor-Leste
Get PDFNewcastle disease (ND) is a contagious disease and still a threat to the development of chicken farms in several countries including the Republic Democratic of Timor-Leste. There were reported local outbreaks every year in the country. The causative agent of ND is Avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV-1) common name Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The objective of this study was to isolate the NDV currently circulating in Timor-Leste and to determine its genotype based on phylogenetic tree analysis and its virulence based on molecular analysis of the Fusion (F) gene cleavage site. In this study samples of dead chickens suspected due to ND were taken from two different sites in Timor-Leste namely Kilotons and Atabae district. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination and viral isolation. Allantoic fluids were harvested and confirmation of NDV was carried out by standard methods hemagglutination test (HA) and the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). Partial fragments of the F and HN proteins gene were amplified using NDV-specific primers in a one-step RT-PCR reaction. The PCR product was then sequenced, and the nucleotide sequences were then used for building a phylogenetic tree with other NDV strains representative of genotype I-VII that are available in the GenBank. Based on phylogenetic analysis it was found that the new isolates belonging to genotype VII with the amino acid sequence of the F gene cleavage site were a virulent type and possibly viscerotropic velogenic NDV
Coccidiosis and Hemorrhagic Necrotic Typhlitis in Broilers Fed without Antibiotic Growth Promoter
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the level of damage and the inflammatory response in the cecal epithelium of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria spp. The sample population consists of 39 broiler cadavers from Tabanan and Bangli Regencies, Bali, Indonesia, which showed clinical signs of weakness, drooping wings, and bloody stools before death. Subsequently, they were necropsied, and the swollen cecum tissue, with a color range of pink to black, was sufficiently harvested and placed in a pot filled with 10% neutral buffer formalin. After fixation for 24-48 hours, the sample was then processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dyes. The histopathological examination revealed the occurrence of bleeding, epithelial desquamation, gland necrosis, macrophage infiltration, and various stages of Eimeria spp. development. The presence of E. tenella in the epithelium of the tissue was assumed to be associated with hemorrhage necrotic typhlitis