Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Correlation to Middle Ear Disorders
Full text linkLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a condition where the reflux of gastric contents reaches the laryngopharynx. Several studies have learned that LPR can cause disturbances in the organs around the larynx pharynx and one of the organs affected is the ear. LPR complications in the middle ear can reduce the quality of life of sufferers. Appropriate diagnostic methods are needed to provide appropriate therapy for this complication. To analyze the relationship between Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) and middle ear disorders. This study was an analytic observational study using a purposive sampling approach where the assessment of correlation tests between variables was tested with SPSS. Results: Demographic data of LPR patients are dominated by female gender (56%) with an age range of 19 - 59 years (80%). The maximum Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) score in LPR patients is 33 and the maximum Reflux Finding Score (RFS) score in LPR patients is 25. An abnormal Tympanogram Width (Tw) picture was found in 64% of LPR patients. Abnormal compliance picture was found in 36% of patients with LPR and abnormal middle ear pressure picture occurred in 12% of patients with LPR. Abnormal middle ear disorders were found in 88% of patients with LPR. Correlation test assessment between RSI score and Tw parameter and correlation between RFS score and middle ear pressure. There was a positive correlation between LPR and middle ear disorders. There is a positive correlation between LPR and middle ear disorders
Phytochemicals Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Leaf Extracts
Full text linkTradescantia spathacea Sw. is commonly used as a traditional medicine plant to treat several diseases. This study aims to identify phytochemical constituents using phytochemical screening, quantify the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) analysis, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts via DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical constituent revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, and tannin in different extracts of Tradescantia spathacea Sw. leaf. The methanolic leaf extract showed the best total phenolic and flavonoid content values of 83.35±0.00 mgGAE/g and 33.79±0.13 mg/g, respectively. Methanolic extracts also showed potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with IC50 values of 80,835 µg/mL. The results suggest that Tradescantia spathacea Sw. could be an alternative source of natural antioxidant agents
Prospects of Dwarf Coconut (Cocos nucifera L. var. genjah) as a Cultivar for Coconut Sugar Production in East Lampung
Full text linkCoconut sugar is emerging as a promising natural sweetener to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on imported refined sugar. Among various coconut cultivars, Cocos nucifera L. var. genjah (dwarf coconut) offers advantages for sap production due to its short trunk, early maturity, and high sugar content. This study aimed to examine the prospects of dwarf coconut as a productive cultivar for coconut sugar development in East Lampung Regency, based on field-level adoption indicators. A total of 41 respondents were selected using Slovin’s formula. Primary data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-tests, and multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. The findings show that factors such as landholding size, formal education exposure, and income levels significantly (P < 0.05) influence the practical use of dwarf coconut for coconut sugar production. These results highlight the potential of dwarf coconut as a strategic cultivar to support local coconut sugar initiatives in Indonesia
The Potential of Hanjuang Merah (Cordyline fruticose) Antibacterial Liquid Body Wash
Full text linkThe skin is the outermost layer of tissue that has the function of covering and protecting the surface of the human body. Unhygienic skin will trigger skin infections caused by various microorganisms. One of them is bacteria. Hanjuang merah (Cordyline fruticosa) is a type of plant that is often used as a traditional medicine, especially for the Dayak community. However, research on the use of the Cordyline fruticosa plant in producing liquid body wash formulations that are efficacious as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus has not been carried out so far. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of Cordyline fruticosa as a formulation of liquid body wash formulations and to find the effectiveness of Cordyline fruticosa in inhibiting infections caused by S. aureus bacteria made in the form of liquid body wash. The method used in the extraction is maceration and the manufacture of liquid body wash according to the formulation that has been made, while the disc diffusion method with concentrations of 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) is used in antibacterial tests. Liquid body wash preparations with the largest inhibitory zone level at a concentration of 15% (F3). The concentration of 15% (F3) is effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria which is characterized by the formation of an inhibition zone around the disk
Antimicrobial Properties of Endophytic Fungal Culture Filtrates from Tinospora crispa
Full text linkEndophytic fungi can produce bioactive compounds that are useful as antimicrobials. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of culture filtrate extracts derived from endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Tinospora crispa. Isolation was carried out from the roots, leaves, and stems of T. crispa, which were then identified based on the ITS gene. The culture filtrate was extracted using ethyl acetate and assessed for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. A total of 3 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated and identified as Acrocalymma vagum, Diaporthe tulliensis, and Colletotrichum truncatum. The results showed that all culture filtrate extracts of the fungal endophyte isolates exhibited varying antimicrobial activity, with the highest antibacterial activity demonstrated by C. truncatum isolates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The most significant anticandida activity was by D. tulliensis isolates. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plant T. crispa can be developed as a source of antimicrobial agents, especially to overcome the increasing antibiotics resistance
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Water Extracts of Selected Plant Species from Tuzla Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of aqueous extracts of six different plant species, which are widely used in traditional medicine: Salvia officinalis L., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Urtica dioica L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Rubus fruticosus L. and Achillea millefolium L. The samples were collected in the Tuzla region between March and July 2025. All of the mentioned plants are important in traditional medicine and have been previously reported to have biological activity. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH and FRAP methods, while the antibacterial potential was tested by the diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the WDCM collection. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity, with nettle and sage extracts showing the most potent in neutralizing DPPH radicals. Weak to moderate antibacterial activity was recorded in the case of nettle, sage, mint and rosemary extracts, and a complete absence of activity in the case of yarrow and blackberry leaf extracts
Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarindus indica Pulp Extracts: A Comprehensive Evaluation
Full text linkThe study looks at the antioxidant, antibacterial, and phytochemical characteristics of pulp extracts from Tamarindus indica. Several solvent fractions were obtained from the extraction process, such as hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, crude, and aqueous, all of which indicated the existence of primary and secondary metabolites. High amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids were found by phytochemical screening, especially in the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions. With an inhibition zone of 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis, the ethyl acetate extract had the most excellent antibacterial activity in antimicrobial tests conducted using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. With a radical scavenging activity of 11 ± 0.1%, the crude extract's antioxidant activity was found to be modest, in contrast to the positive control's 87% activity, propyl gallate (PG). These findings show that T. indica extracts have a promising antibacterial potential, despite their still-low antioxidant efficiency. According to the research, T. indica may be a valuable source of bioactive substances for medical and pharmacological uses, especially in the treatment of infections
Green Extraction of Corn Silk Flavonoids Using NADES-UAE: Optimizing Conditions for Agricultural Waste Valorization
Full text linkCorn silk (of Zea mays L.) is an agricultural waste that has not been optimally utilized, even though it is known to contain flavonoid compounds with various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. The flavonoid compounds in corn silk have the potential to be developed as natural raw materials for applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. However, the extraction process for these active compounds often still uses organic solvents like methanol, which are toxic, flammable, and have negative impacts on health and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method using a more environmentally friendly alternative solvent, namely Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES). The study was conducted in two main stages: selection of the best NADES composition and molar ratio from combinations of choline chloride with urea, glycerol, lactic acid, and malic acid; and optimization of UAE parameters including ultrasonic power, time, and temperature using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model. The determination of total flavonoid content was performed using the colorimetric method with AlCl? reagent and quercetin standard, and the measurements were taken using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the NADES combination of choline chloride:urea (1:2) with the addition of 30% aquades produced the highest flavonoid content compared to 80% methanol solvent. The optimal conditions for UAE extraction were obtained at 100 % ultrasonic power, 30 minutes of extraction time, and a temperature of 70°C, resulting in a total flavonoid content yield of 96.02 ± 0.48 mgQE/g of corn silk powder. This study concluded that the combination of NADES and UAE method can significantly enhance the extraction yield of total flavonoids while also providing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for the utilization of agricultural waste, such as corn silk
Washed Erythrocyte (WE) Bag Bacteria Brevundimonas vesicularis Identification at the Blood Donor Unit PMI DKI Jakarta
Full text linkA Packed Red Cell (PRC) component known as a washed erythrocyte (WE) has undergone two to three washings with sterile physiological saline to get rid of 99% of the plasma protein, antibodies, and some leukocytes. The goal of this study was to use Bact/alert media to detect the presence or absence of bacteria (anaerobes or aerobes) in WE blood components because there is a chance that germs from the environment could contaminate WE processing because it is still an open system and the manufacturing is still exposed to the elements. Blood samples come from WE blood products that have undergone quality checks for bacterial contamination in a lab dedicated to product quality. Checking for bacterial contamination in the blood involves utilizing the Bact / Alert tool to examine bacterial contamination. Blood product aerobic (BPA) and blood product anaerobic (BPN) media are used in the culture of blood product sample on Bact/alert. Aside from 1 (2.44%) component sample of WE blood that was identified as bacteria in BPA media, the results of the 41 samples examined in 2020 showed that there was aerobic bacterial contamination in BPA media but no anaerobic bacterial contamination in BPN media. This was confirmed by the examination of samples on BPN media, which yielded negative results in 41 samples (100%) and positive results from none of the 41 samples. The results of identification at the Microbiology Laboratory at the University of Indonesia showed that the aerobic bacteria that contaminated washed erythrocyte (WE) blood products on BPA microbiology media were Brevundimonas vesicularis
Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocin from Pediococcus pentosaceus Against Propionibacterium acnes: Molecular Docking, In Vitro, and 16S rRNA Genetic Identification
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria against Propionibacterium acnes through an integrative approach involving molecular docking, in vitro assays, and genetic identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. The target protein PDB 7LBU, representing the cell wall of P. acnes, was docked with Small Bacteriocin obtained from PubChem. The best binding affinity was recorded at –7.5 kcal/mol, indicating a stable interaction, supported by cavity analysis and ligand–protein interaction mapping using PyMOL. The results of the in vitro study, as determined by antibacterial activity testing against P. acnes, showed an average inhibition zone of 20.6 mm. In addition, genetic identification through BLAST confirmed the isolate as Pediococcus pentosaceus strain DSM 20336 with a similarity of 99.64%. These findings indicate that the bacteriocin derived from P. pentosaceus has promising potential as a natural agent in the development of alternative therapies for acne