Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Isolation of b-Cyclodextrin Gycosyl Transferase (b-CGTase) Producing Bacteria from Potato Plantation Soil
Get PDFCyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an extracellular enzyme produced by several microorganisms, particularly bacteria, that converts starch into cyclodextrin (CD). CD has various applications in fields such as food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemistry, and biotechnology. The objective of this study was to isolate b-CGTase-producing bacteria from soil in a potato plantation located in Kerinci, and to conduct their characterization. Screening was conducted using Horikoshi agar media with phenolphthalein and methyl orange color indicators. The results indicated that one isolate, coded CK-2, produced the optimum b-CGTase enzyme when incubated for 30 hours at 37 ºC and pH 10. The CGTase enzyme converted starch to CD when incubated for 60 minutes at 37 ºC and pH 7. The CK-2 isolate was identified as monobacilli Gram-positive bacteria, having spores, positive in the catalase test, and motile. The study concluded that the bacteria producing b-CGTase enzyme are found in the soil of potato plantations in Kerinci, which is believed to originate from the genus Bacillus sp
The Protective Effect of Kentut Leaf Extract (Paederia foetida L.) on Gastric Histopathology in Escherichia coli-Infected Sepsis Mice Model
Get PDFSepsis, a severe medical condition, signifies the systemic immune response to infection, often leading to organ dysfunction and mortality. Escherichia coli is a significant contributor to sepsis cases, particularly in gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the gastric tissue of mice induced by Escherichia coli infection and evaluate the protective effects of kentut leaf extract (Paederia foetida L.). Histopathological analysis revealed distinct alterations in the gastric tissue among different treatment groups. While normal mouse treatment showed no significant changes, negative control (K-) and positive control (K+) groups exhibited inflammation and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa, characterized by necrosis, degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with kentut leaf extract (P1, P2, and P3) resulted in milder inflammation compared to controls, indicating a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by Escherichia coli infection. This protective mechanism is attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of saponins, flavonoids, and essential oils present in kentut leaf extract. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of kentut leaf extract in mitigating gastric mucosal injury associated with bacterial infection
Potency of Biocoagulant from Cationic Modified Starch of Balbis Banana Blossom Waste for Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment: Literature Study
Get PDFLampung is one of the provinces producing Indonesia's second-largest banana crop. Operational activities at the Palm Oil Mill produce a by-product of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), which can potentially be the most enormous environmental pollution. Communities often use chemicals to treat liquid waste, which causes health problems, cannot be decomposed, and can damage the environment. Therefore, treating liquid waste using organic materials that are more environmentally friendly, safe for health and easily degraded is necessary. By modifying cationic starch, natural polymers found in banana blossom waste may be utilized for producing natural biocoagulant that are more effective. This paper aims to review the potential of cationic-modified balbis banana blossom waste starch as a natural biocoagulant for processing palm oil waste. Starch was first modified into cationic starch by etherification method with the help of HMMAHC cationic reagents. The mechanism of cationic starch as a biocoagulant is the exchange of starch cation ions and waste anions to form bridges between colloidal particles and then form flocs that can precipitate. The implementation technique of this idea is by collaborating with several parties to ensure the successful use of banana hump starch as a biocoagulant material, providing support and facilities for the industry and promoting the use of biocoagulant, conducting literature studies related to the use of banana hump starch as a natural biocoagulant, testing the effectiveness of biocoagulant, implemented in the palm oil processing industry
Potential Effects of Myrmecodia Pendants (Ant Nests) on Healing Bone Injuries
Get PDFMyrmecodia pendens is a medical plant that can have a healing effect on bone injuries. Bone injuries can occur due to many things, including injuries due to infection, non-infection, degeneration and neoplasms. Bones are the most important part of the body for the human body because the decreased bone function will affect human activities. Therefore better bone healing is needed. This review article aims to study and analyze the role of Myrmecodia pendens in the bone wound healing process. Several studies show that Myrmecodia pendens contain flavonoids, vitamins, terpenoid saponins, quones, and glycosides, as well as anti-inflammatory substances. These ingredients are markers in the healing process. Myrmecodia pendens has been proven to speed up the healing process. The conclusion shows that Myrmecodia pendens is a medicinal plant that can speed up the healing process of bone injuries
Identification and Toxicity Profiling of Column Fractions of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ziziphus mauritiana
Get PDFDifferent plants may contain varying amounts of phytochemicals and also different degrees of toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the most active column fraction of ethanol leaf extract of the Ziziphus mauritiana plant and their toxic effects using brine shrimp lethality assay and animal model. Crude ethanol extract was obtained by maceration while fraction was achieved using a column chromatography experiment. Toxicity was evaluated with brine shrimp lethality assay and albino rat’s models while characterization was achieved with liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry. Ziziphus mauritiana leaves revealed 42 fractions pooled into seven fractions. Fraction three (3) was the most toxic with the brine shrimp lethality assay of (31.48ug/ml) and its toxicological evaluation revealed an adverse effect on the hematological parameter, biochemical indices, and histo-architecture of the liver and kidney of the experimental model studied. LCMS analysis of the most toxic fraction revealed the presence of Antirrhinoside, Lucidumol A, Apigenin 7-glucuronide-4'-(6''-malonylglucoside), Dioscoreside C, Camellioside D, and others which have been reported for various pharmacological effects including adverse effects, The mode of toxicity may be synergistic, individual, or antagonistic which may explain the moderate toxicity observed in animal model. Administration of these fractions may lead to toxicity despite their potential
Antibacterial Potential of Freshener Water Based on Siwalan Coir Extract (Borassus flabellifer) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Airborne Bacteria
Get PDFAir is an important part of life. The Quality of air can be seen from three parameters, namely chemical, physical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters of air quality can be seen from the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of airborne microorganisms, especially in enclosed spaces can affect human health, one of which can cause respiratory infections. On the other hand, people often use air freshener products. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the potential of air freshener based on siwalan (Borasus flabellifer) coir extract and lemongrass as antibacterial against airborne bacteria. This research is an experimental research with a pre test-post test design. The data obtained is in the form of the value of the Total Plate Count of indoor air bacteria before and after treatment using air freshener based on coir extract of siwalan and lemongrass. The results showed that both formulations (P1 and P2) of air freshener based on coir extract and lemongrass were able to reduce the number of airborne bacterial colonies in the room, with a significance value of 0.000<0.05
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in South Sumatera, Indonesia
Get PDFSouth Sumatra, a province in Indonesia, is inhabited by several tribes. The geographical landscape surrounded by primary and secondary forests is a natural resource for the local communities in dealing with medical problems. They use plants as traditional medicine from generation to generation. The used parts include roots, stems, leaves, and sap that are biologically active to treat some diseases from moderate to deadly diseases. Based on literature studies, there are 250 plant species from 79 families processed by local communities in South Sumatra in some ethnobotanical activities. The dominant plant families are Fabaceae (5.6%), Asteraceae (4.8%), Euphorbiaceae (4.4%), Poaceae (4.4%), Myrtaceae (3.6%), Rubiaceae (3.6%), Rutaceae (3.6%), Solanaceae (3.6%), and Piperaceae (3.2%). Among many methods, boiling is the most common method in processing medicinal plants as it is considered more effective in extracting the bioactive compounds
Antibacterial Bioactivity Test of Bilimbi Fruit Ethanol Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). Against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFOne of the causes of acnes is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alternative solution to this problem is to develop natural medicines from plants, one of which is the star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). The purpose of this study was to test the bioactivity of star fruit against the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). All treatments were given to P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus bacteria using the Kirby Baeur (disc diffusion) method. The results of this study were the effectiveness of the bioactivity compound of the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruit seen on P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria with concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit has the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for acne caused by P. acnes and S. epidermidis
Isolation of Novel 6-methylideneoxecane-3,4,5,7,8,9-hexol from the Leaves of Rauwolfia vomitoria, Apocynaceae
Get PDFRauwolfia vomitoria (Wennberg) belongs to the family Apocynaceae, the dried leaves were extracted successively using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and 70% methanol, concentrated in vacuo. Extracts were subjected to antibacterial assay and the butanol fraction was subjected to chromatographic purification to obtain NBF12 which was subjected to spectral analysis. The antibacterial of n-Hexane, dichloromethane, and 70% methanol extracts was inactive against the screened organisms assessed (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). NBF12 is yellowish crystals (10.5 mg), Rf (0.69), UV, max Abs (248) The carbon 13C-NMR spectrum displayed ten carbon atoms; one methylene, two methylene oxide carbon, 6-carbinolic carbon (Sp3) and a quaternary carbon (SP2). The spectrum showed a tertiary carbon at δ131.09 ppm, due to C-6 and at δ 114.74 ppm due to exocyclic methylidene carbon (Sp2) (C=CH2) linked to the C-6position. Based on the spectral data NBF12 is 6-methylideneoxecane-3,4,5,7,8,9-hexol with a molecular formula C10H18O7, molecular weight 250 g/mol
The Therapeutic Potential of Cola nitida in Health and Disease: A Review
Get PDFCola nitida, also known as Kola nut, is a tropical plant native to West Africa and has a rich history of traditional medicinal use. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an overview of the protective effects of Cola nitida in various health and disease states. Cola nitida has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, and its bioactive compounds include caffeine, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics. These compounds contribute to its potential therapeutic effects. Here, we examine the potential benefits of Cola nitida in several areas of health, discussing its role in cognitive function, cardiovascular health, immune system function, gastrointestinal health, and metabolic and endocrine health. Relevant original articles available from PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were retrieved using the keywords “cola†AND “nitida†without date restriction until July 17, 2023. Evidence suggests that Cola nitida may have positive effects on health, with indications of adverse effects only from its chronic usage. However, more research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety. Cola nitida holds promise as a natural remedy for various health conditions. Understanding the benefits and limitations of Cola nitida will contribute to its effective utilization in health and disease management