Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
Not a member yet
516 research outputs found
Sort by
Quality Analysis and Anti-termite Activity of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Litsea firma (Blume) Hook F
Get PDFLitsea firma (Blume) Hook. f. has long been utilized as a traditional medicine plant. This research aims to analyze the quality of L. firma (Blume) Hook F essential oils extracted from its leaves, stems, and roots and to evaluate their anti-termite activity. The essential oils were obtained using the steam-water distillation method for 8 hours in triplicate. The quality of the essential oils was determined by their yield, specific gravity, refractive index, and optical rotation angle, which was compared with the previously reported quality data of L. cubeba essential oil. The results showed that all L. firma essential oils possessed a transparent colour, a distinctive aroma, and a bitter taste. The quality assessment revealed that essential oil yields ranged from 0.16% - 2.42%. The specific gravity of leaves essential oil was 0.83. Furthermore, the refractive index ratio ranged from 1.43 to 1.44, and the optical rotation angle varied between +15.3° to +16.8°. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenes in L. firma essential oil. Essential oil of L. firma leaves exhibited a pronounced anti-termite activity with a percentage mortality of 100% and paper weight loss of 11.6 %. Thus, L. firma essential oils, particularly from leaves, had promising potential for natural termite control
Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and Starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Combination Shampoo Against Pediculus humanus capitis
Get PDFSome of the natural ingredients that have the potential to be developed into a health product for pediculosis are red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Secondary metabolite compounds in red ginger extract and star fruit that can potentially kill head lice Pediculosis humanus capitis include alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical fitness and effectiveness of the lethal power of the combination of red ginger extract and star fruit with formula 1 (F1) 1.5%, formula 2 (F2) 2%, and Formula 3 (F3) 2.5%. The tests carried out were phytochemical screening tests (alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids), physical stability of shampoo (organoleptic, homogeneity, foam height, viscosity, and pH) for four weeks of storage, and testing the effectiveness of shampoo killing power against head lice Pediculus humanus capitis. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and comparatively using one-way ANOVA. Phytochemical screening of red ginger extract and star fruit was positive for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. The organoleptic test of the shampoo on all three formulas produced a light brown colour, a distinctive aroma of lemon oil, and a thick shape. The homogeneity test showed a homogeneous shampoo preparation. F1 foam level test (7.7-11 cm), F2 (7.3-11 cm), and F3 (7.2-11 cm). F1 viscosity test (2,010-2,020 cps); F2 and F3 (2,020 cps). One-way ANOVA pH F1 test (8.54-8.77); F2 (8.01-8.70); F3 (8.61-8.77) and One-way ANOVA results for pH values obtained significant values of 0.096 > 0.05, while the killing power of aphids was 0.02 < 0.05. The three shampoo formulas of red ginger extract and star fruit showed good physical evaluation and still entered the test requirement range for four weeks of storage. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was shown that the variation in the concentration of the formula did not cause a change in pH during four weeks of storage. The administration of a combination shampoo of red ginger extract and star fruit with a formulation of F1 1.5%, F2 2%, and F3 2.5% was able to have a natural effect on the average number of head lice deaths of Pediculus humanus capitis
Prevalence and Biofilm-forming Potentials of Bacterial Uropathogens Among Primary School Pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State
Get PDFThis investigation aimed to determine the prevalence and biofilm-forming potentials of bacterial uropathogenic among primary school pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State. A total of 120 clean mid-stream urine samples were collected from apparently healthy children to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated pathogen by the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method while the biofilm-forming potential by the standard methods. The result showed 26 % of the samples had significant bacteria growth with the Gram-negative as the highest. The infectivity pattern among the age group showed 8-10 had the highest infectivity percentage (35%) followed by 5-7 and 11-13 with 22.5% and 20% respectively. Six bacteria pathogens were isolated which are E. coli (41.9%) which is the most prevalent isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.0%), Pseudomonas sp. (9.7%), Klebsiella sp. (9.7%), Enterobacter sp. (6.5%), Proteus sp. (3.3%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed an alarming resistance level to nearly all the tested antibiotics showing multi-drug resistant strains. The Biofilm-forming potentials depict E. coli with the strongest potential followed by S. aureus. A high occurrence of asymptomatic UTIs and antimicrobial resistance observed poses a public health concern. Thus, routine diagnostic exercise is recommended for early detection and prompt treatment of the pathogens
Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Testing of Eco-Soap Based on Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Surfactant
Get PDFPineapple is a fruit that is often used only for its flesh, while the skin remains waste. As a form of dealing with pineapple waste, one way is to use it as an eco-enzyme. Making soap with added eco-enzyme can be used as an alternative for washing dishes. Therefore, this research aims to determine the formulation and test the antibacterial activity of eco-soap based on the surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulphate. This research is experimental research, which was carried out in July-October 2023. The research results showed that the pH of eco-Soap was 3.46; foam height 1.5 cm; viscosity testing 14.9 mPas; fatty acids 1.44%; and 6 mm antibacterial activity testing. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the surfactant-based eco-soap formulation had good stability in the eco-soap foam height test. The diameter of the zone of inhibition of eco-soap's antibacterial activity showed that bacterial inhibition was moderate
The Effect of Use of Local Organic Microorganism Fertilizers on Rice Media, Banana Sticks, And Tongol Fish on The Growth of Arabika Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) in The Gunung Karang Garden, Pandeglang District
Get PDFArabica coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) are plantation commodities with high economic value. Efforts that can be made in farming without using chemicals that will damage the environment is by utilizing local microorganisms (MOL). For farmers who demand the use of cheap and practical fertilizers, they can be directed to use local microorganism organic fertilizers made from rice, banana stems, and tuna. This study aims to determine the effect of using local microorganism organic fertilizers made from rice, banana stems, and tuna on the growth of C. arabica plants. The type of research to be carried out is experimental research. This research method uses a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the source material consisting of 3 levels, namely: M1 = stale rice, M2 = banana stem, and M3 = tuna. The second factor is the fermentation period consisting of: H1 = 2 weeks fermentation and H2 = 4 weeks fermentation. The measured parameters of C. arabica plants are height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The results showed that rice, banana stem, and tuna can be made into MOL fertilizers. The use of MOL organic fertilizers (stale rice, banana stem, and tuna) affects the growth of C. arabica, which can be seen from the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. M3H2 MOL organic fertilizer (tuna fermented for 4 weeks) provides optimal growth of C. arabica in terms of plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter
Utilization of Maggot Larvae (Hermetia illucens) for Processing Food Waste at the UIN Raden Intan Lampung Canteen
Get PDFWaste management using maggot larvae (Hermetia illucens) can be an innovative strategy for reducing organic waste. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of maggot larvae in processing organic waste at the UIN Raden Intan Lampung Canteen. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) technique with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The observed parameters were duration, residue, and maggot weight. The organic waste used included vegetables, fruits, rice, and bones. The results showed that for bone and rice waste, maggots were able to reduce waste by 80%, producing an average residue of 141.3 grams with a decomposition duration of 515 minutes and a final maggot weight of 320.67 grams. For fruit and vegetable waste, maggots reduced waste by 58%, producing an average residue of 293 grams with a decomposition duration of 395 minutes and a final maggot weight of 560.33 grams. For mixed waste, maggots reduced waste by 81% with a decomposition duration of 496.6 minutes and a final maggot weight of 430.3 grams
Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Leaf Essential Oil L., DC
Get PDFSembung leaf essential oil is a complex mixture in the form of oily yellow liquid with a unique aroma. It contains various volatile components that have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oil Blumea balsamifera L., DC against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation of essential oil using steam distillation method with 0.21% rendement. Inhibition activity was performed by test tube method with variation concentrations of essential oil were 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% for each bacteria. Results of this study showed that the highest antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli at 80% concentration with an inhibition zone diameter of 27.53 mm, 100% concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone diameter 25.72 mm and 100% concentration for Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter 27.31 mm. Essential oil from (Blumea balsamifera) L., DC leaves have a strong activity inhibition category against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) In Inhibiting Biofilm of Candida Albicans ATCC 14053
Get PDFCandida albicans is the most common type of Candida. It is a normal microbiota in the healthy human body that can become pathogenic when its balance is disturbed, causing an infection referred to as candidiasis. Antifungal resistance to biofilms is estimated to be 10,000 times that in planktonic form. Clove leaves (Syzygium aromatium) can treat infectious diseases, including candidiasis. This study aimed to analyze whether the ethanol extract of clove leaves (S. aromaticum) destroys the biofilm of C. albicans ATCC 14053. The research designwas pure experimental with a post test control group only design approach. The extraction method used was maceration. Test antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract of clove leaves using microtiter plate biofilm assay method. Measurement of results with a microplate reader was carried out using a wavelength of 595nm in accordance by the wavelength of crystal violet used as a colouring agent. The results showed that ethanol extract of clove leaves (S. aromaticum) has significant effectiveness against the maturation of C. albicans biofilm (p<0.05) with the highest percentage of activity at 20% concentration. The MBEC50 was determined by probit analysis, so the concentration of clove leaf ethanol extract (S. aromaticum) that can eradicate 50% of C. albicans biofilm is located at a concentration of 0.45%. The clinical benefits that can be developed from the results of this study are the potential use of clove leaf ethanol extract as an alternative therapy for C. albicans infection in the form of soap or ointment
Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Eucalyptus Species: Review
Get PDFMany medicinal plants and their essential oils are used to treat or prevent diseases without the risk of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or teratogenicity. Eucalyptus essential oils are commonly used as preservatives, flavoring agents, and various consumer goods. Eucalyptus leaves are being widely studied due to their volatile essential oils, including 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, α- and β-pinene, limonene, citronellal, citral, eudesmol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, α–phellanderene, and 9β-sitosterol. Among these compounds, 1,8-cineole is the most abundant. Eucalyptus leaves are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds and are thus a great source of antioxidants. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used to measure antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus essential oil is stronger than that of standard antibiotics such as erythromycin, cefixime, and gentamicin due to the presence of significant terpenoids in addition to phenolic chemicals and flavonoids. A lower IC50 indicates greater antioxidant potential. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are often associated with beneficial health outcomes, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, anticancer properties, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Flavonoids also play essential roles in plants, including protecting against reduction, fertility, reproduction, and infection. Due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties, flavonoids are crucial for pharmacological, medical, and nutraceutical applications
Quantitative Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Microsorium scolopendria (Burm. f.) Copel. in Mice
Get PDFMicrosorium scolopendria, a fern was studied for phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects to add credence to its various folkloric applications. Phytochemicals were analyzed quantitatively, anti-inflammatory experiment was carried out with egg albumin- induced paw oedema and xylene-induced ear oedema models while analgesic effects were studied using formalin-induced paw licking, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate-induced pain models. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols with alkaloids (14.6 %w/w) as the most predominant phytoconstituent. In anti-inflammatory experiments, M. scolopendria extract reduced oedema caused by egg albumin and xylene in a dose related manner and comparable to standard agents. Also, in analgesic experiments, the extract reduced pain induced by formalin, acetic acid, and hot plate. These reductions were statistically (p?0.05) significant. Considering the fractions in all experiments, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were prominent in anti-inflammatory effect while ethyl acetate fraction was at top in reduction of pain. This study supports the use of M. scolopendria in ethnomedicinal practice