Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 12 No. 2 October 2023
No full textAn Overview of The Total Leukocyte Count in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at RSUD Gambiran Kediri City
Get PDFThe leukocyte count examination in tuberculosis infection serves to monitor the inflammation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An increasing leukocyte count can lead to complications such as pleuritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the total leukocyte count of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at RSUD Gambiran, Kediri City, based on gender and age. This research was a descriptive retrospective study. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables and diagrams. The results of this study showed that pulmonary tuberculosis infection was more prevalent in males, with 26 individuals (62%) affected. In terms of age groups, the highest infection rate was in the 21-60 years age range, with 30 individuals (71%) affected. As for leukocyte count elevation (leukocytosis), it was more commonly observed in males with a count of 14.57 µL. In terms of age groups, leukocytosis was frequently observed in the 21-60 years age range, with a count of 48.66 µL. Out of the 42 samples, 19 individuals had a normal leukocyte count, while the remaining 23 individuals experienced leukocytosis. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that not all pulmonary tuberculosis patients experience leukocytosis; some patients maintain a normal leukocyte count
Potency of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Against Incision Wound Healing
Get PDFWounds are damage or loss of body tissues that occur due to a factor that interferes with the body's protective system. One example of an open wound is an incision where there is a linear tear in the skin and underlying tissue. One natural ingredient that has potential as an alternative treatment for cut wounds is turmeric and VCO. The part of turmeric contains curcumin to accelerate wound healing and VCO contains lauric acid which functions as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the percentage and healing time of incision wounds in male mice (Mus musculus L.). This research is an experimental study. The research was conducted from October to December 2023 at the Animal House and Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University. The design used is a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) repeats. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test using the SPSS 22 application. The results showed that the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) affected the percentage and time of incision wound closure in male mice (Mus musculus L.). The best combination of turmeric extract with VCO is a ratio of 2:1
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 13 No. 1 April 2024
No full textTherapeutic Azithromycin Mitigated Monosodium Glutamate-Related Dysfunction in Rats’ Body Weight and Serum, Liver, Kidney and Heart Antioxidant Defense Bioindicators
Get PDFMonosodium glutamate (MSG) mediates body weight gain (BWG) and oxidative stress. Azithromycin (AZT), may be abused and co-consumed with MSG to present unknown outcomes on BWG and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effect of AZT and MSG in rats’ BWG and antioxidant bioindicators. Thirty rats assigned to five groups were orally exposed for seven consecutive days to groups A, control (distilled water, 1 ml/kg), B, MSG (MSG 8000 mg/kg), C, therapeutic AZT, TAZ (AZT 82.5 mg/kg), D, overdose AZT, OAZ (AZT 412.5 mg/kg) and E, TAZ + MSG (AZT 82.5 mg/kg + MSG 8000 mg/kg). MSG-treated rats exhibited a significantly (p 0.05) decreased MDA compared to MSG and control. Thus, TAZ significantly mitigated BWG, and malfunction in the metabolism of antioxidant defense bioindicators in MSG rats via probable anorexigenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. This suggests that TAZ could be useful in managing MSG-related dysfunction in BWG and metabolic activity of the antioxidant defense apparatus in rats
Shrimp Digestive Bacteria Performance for Shrimp Waste Chitin Extraction
Get PDFGenerally, chitin is isolated chemically. An environmentally friendly alternative to chitin extraction is enzymatic extraction. The research aims to determine the effectiveness and optimum conditions for enzymatic chitin extraction of shrimp waste (heads, shells, and tails) using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and proteolytic bacteria from the shrimp's digestive tract (faeces and intestines). The research stages were isolation, enrichment, and determining shrimp digestion's bacterial colonies, microscopic identification of shrimp digestive bacteria, and determining the effectiveness and optimal conditions for shrimp waste's chitin isolation. Aerobic and Anaerobic Total Plate Count (TPC), LAB, and proteolytic bacteria from shrimp's digestive tract per gram of sample were respectively 5.52 and 5.59 log CFU; 4.76 and 4.56 log CFU; 6.46 and 6.20 log CFU. Microscopic morphology shows that LAB and proteolytic bacteria of shrimp digestive are gram-positive as cocci or rods. The deproteinization value of shrimp waste reached 31%, especially for treatment with a pH of 5.0–7.0 (during proteolytic bacteria fermentation) and pre-treatment of boiling, drying and coarse grinding of shrimp waste (PP2) before extraction. However, the demineralization value of shrimp waste is only 4.5% (PP1) and 3% (PP2), with LAB as the primary fermentation agent because proteolytic bacteria have been unable to reduce the mineral content in shrimp waste further
Testing Antibacterial Activity of Daun Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) Leaf Extract against Escherichia coli in Vitro
Get PDFEscherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that causes infectious diseases in the digestive tract and can produce Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), including lipid A. Exposure to endotoxins in lipid A, can cause systemic effects, such as sepsis, which can lead to clinical manifestations and even death. Daun Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) is one of the herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria. The aim of this research is to determine the effective concentration of daun kentut leaf extract to inhibit E. coli growth. This study is an experimental research using maceration extraction method and antibacterial disc diffusion method with 3 repetitions at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, negative control (aquadest), and positive control (ciprofloxacin) conducted from March to April 2023 in the Microbiology Laboratory of Kadiri University. The observation results of inhibition zones in each treatment varied. The presence of these inhibition zones is due to the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in daun kentut leaf extract that have antibacterial activity, such as inhibiting protein synthesis mechanisms, causing damage to cell wall permeability, and ultimately leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. The statistical analysis using the One Way Anova test with a P-value of 0.05 shows that each variable has significant differences and effects. Thus, it can be concluded that the effective extract variation is the 100% concentration because, in this study, the 100% concentration has an inhibition zone of 26.72 mm and is classified as very strong in inhibiting E. coli bacteria
b-Glucan Comparison in the Mushrooms of Medicinal Fungal Species
No full textAgaricus blazei Murill has been known as a mushroom with medicinal properties, such as its efficacy in maintaining the immune system and other metabolic processes. The main polysaccharide found in A. blazei, is b-glucan. This study aims to quantify and compare b-glucan content in A. blazei compared with the medicinal mushrooms Ganoderma sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus. ?-glucan was extracted from each species using an alkaloid extraction method. The b-glucan content was determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 220 nm. The data showed that A. blazei contained the highest level of b-glucan, 6.99% (w/w), while the other mushrooms contained less than 2 %. This study obtained that A. blazei contain high levels of b-glucan compared with Ganoderma sp. and Pleurotus ostreatus. Thus, A. blazei has the potential as medicine, especially to maintain the balance of the immune system. To keep the body healthy and balance immune system patient can consume Agaricus blazei Muril
Detection of Antibacterial Susceptible Salmonella spp. in Cured Beef with Different Shelf-Life Expectancy
Get PDFMeat is currently one of the food products with the highest demand ever since 1980, where demand has reached 24.8 kg per year per person as of 2020. With high demand comes intensive farming which causes overuse of antimicrobials for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic reasons, allowing more antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of bacteria to occur. In the case of meat products, salmonella is considered one of the more commonly occurring bacteria found in raw meat products. However, with meat’s short shelf-life expectancy, the likeliness of consumers suffering from salmonellosis increases. Thus, preservation methods have been implemented to reduce this likeliness, primarily through curing beef. Although curing may reduce the likeliness of excessive microbial growth, AMR salmonella has been detected in cured beef samples. The scope of this research determines whether there is Salmonella spp. within the cured beef samples, conduct AMR (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone) analysis of the Salmonella spp. isolated from the cured beef samples and enumeration was conducted. The longer the shelf-life expectancy of cured beef samples, the lower the overall CFU/mL per sample was (control: 17,800,000 CFU/mL, >1 year: 0 CFU/mL). It was also discovered that Salmonella spp. has potential resistance towards ciprofloxacin (33.33% intermediate) and susceptibility towards azithromycin and ceftriaxone (100.00% sensitive). This research implies the agricultural industry and safety for consumers of cured beef products with different shelf-life expectancies
Formulation and Evaluation of Hard Candy Preparation as an Innovative Internal Wound Medicine from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Albumin Extract
Get PDFSnakehead fish (Channa striata) is another alternative source of albumin protein because it is known to contain important compounds for the human body including high protein, fat, water, and the mineral zinc (Zn). The albumin content in Snakehead fish is an important protein needed by the body and is useful for wound healing. This study aims to make preparations by modifying Snakehead fish albumin into hard candy while maintaining the albumin content. Thus, a more effective way to be consumed in accelerating wound healing was found. The treatment used is Snakehead fish albumin extract with concentrations including F1 (5%), F2 (10%), and F3 (15%). Tests were conducted physically (organoleptic test) and chemically (moisture content test, ash content test, and wound growth activity test). Formulation and evaluation of hard candy preparations of Snakehead fish albumin extract (Channa striata) can be declared successful, as evidenced by the formation of 5 successful formulations into hard candy preparations as evidenced by the results of organoleptic tests, water content tests and ash content tests that have met the standards