Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
Not a member yet
516 research outputs found
Sort by
Association Between Lip Prints and Blood Groups Among Koya University Students
Get PDFLip prints, also known as cheiloscopy, are designs created by the positioning of creases and lines around the red edge of a person’s lip. In forensic science, lip prints can be used for identification just like fingerprints. Blood is categorized into blood groups, sometimes called blood types, according to whether or not specific antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells. The aim of this project was to discover the correlation between lip prints and blood groups. A study involving 334 volunteers aged 18-25, collected at Koya University, used standard blood typing methods to determine their blood groups. Our results discovered a correlation between lip prints and blood groups in females; there is a correlation, but in males, there is not a correlation. The research indicates a correlation between blood groups and lip print patterns, suggesting that lip print traits may be linked to blood groups in females
Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Keji Beling Leaves Ethanol Extract (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.)
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with AlCl3 reagent. The research process includes maximum wavelength testing, preparation of quercetin standard solution, and analysis of total flavonoid levels. The results showed that the total flavonoid content in the extract was 144.347 ± 134.854 mg QE/g extract, with an extract yield of 0.4% and extract moisture content of 5.256%, which showed good potential in preventing the growth of microorganisms. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, while saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids were not detected. These findings confirm the importance of secondary metabolite compounds in plants and the potential of keji beling leaf extract as a source of active compounds with health benefits, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study provides a basis for further research into the medical applications of this plant extract
Liquid Biofertilizer Made from Fermented Egg Shells, Fish Scales, and Chicken Feathers as A Plant Growth Stimulator Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer
Get PDFAs agricultural sectors rise due to increased human population, the demand for chemical fertilizer is also uplifted. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers reduces soil quality and natural properties. To address these issues, an alternative eco-friendly biofertilizer is needed. Here, we developed a liquid biofertilizer called ESSIK to substitute hazardous chemical fertilizers. It is made from environmentally friendly waste materials—including chicken feathers, egg shells, and fish scales—which are repurposed to provide vital nutrients for plant growth. Egg shells contain calcium useful in the synthesis of plant enzymes, fish scales contain calcium and phosphorus which play a role in accelerating fruit ripening, and chicken feathers contain high protein which can be a source of amino acids. These components were first fermented using effective microorganisms (EM4) to break down complex polymers into forms more readily absorbed by plants. The fermented biofertilizer was tested using mung bean (Vigna radiata) with concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 100%, and a positive control of 5% EM4. Based on the study, 20% was the best formulation to support the growth of mung bean (V. radiata) with a length of more than 41 cm, 16 leaves, and 9 stalks. Also, the leaf's length was approximately 6,6 cm, width 3,8 cm, with a healthy-green appearance. These findings suggest that it has significant potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable biofertilizer alternative to chemical fertilizers, promoting robust plant growth while contributing to waste recycling and environmental conservation for a better future
Enhancement of Probiotic Viability and Antioxidant Activity in Yogurt Treated with Corn Silk Extract
Get PDFYogurt is a widely consumed fermented milk product known for its numerous health benefits, while corn silk, the pistil of corn, is a byproduct rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. This study assessed the antioxidant activity of yogurt fortified with corn silk extract. Yogurt was prepared by fermenting cow's milk with a yogurt starter culture. The antioxidant activity of the resulting yogurt was evaluated using the DPPH method. The results demonstrated that the yogurt enriched with corn silk exhibited a total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count of 1.2 × 108 cfu/mL, a pH of 4.4, a lactic acid content of 1.34%, and an antioxidant activity of 54%. In contrast, the control yogurt without corn silk had a LAB count of 1.9 × 10ⷠcfu/mL, a pH of 4.5, a lactic acid content of 0.93%, and an antioxidant activity of 47%. Organoleptic evaluations revealed no significant differences in taste, aroma, texture, or overall acceptability between the two yogurt types. The addition of corn silk significantly increased the antioxidant activity, total microbial count, and lactic acid content of the yogurt. These findings suggest that corn silk extract can be a beneficial natural additive to enhance the antioxidant properties of yogurt, thereby improving its nutritional value
Anatomical Structure of Young Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaves for Callogenesis Initiation
Get PDFPlant anatomy, a key area within biology, examines the structure and organization of plant organs and tissues. It underpins various disciplines such as physiology, ecology, taxonomy, and evolutionary biology. Anatomical data are typically obtained using the paraffin embedding, which facilitates detailed microscopic observations. In oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) tissue culture, young leaves are commonly used as explants in callogenesis inducing undifferentiated cell growth. The study aimed to describe anatomical characteristics of young oil palm leaves, analyze the correlation between anatomical traits across different leaf positions, and examine anatomical changes during callogenesis. Leaf samples were collected from positions -4, -5, -6, -7 and -8, processed using paraffin embedding technique, and analyzed microscopically. The percentages of callogenesis were also calculated for each leaf position. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT), and correlation analysis was performed in R Studio. The anatomical features included the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, cuticle, hypodermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy parenchyma), vascular bundles (phloem and xylem), stomata, and sclerencyma. The correlations between mesophyll and leaf thickness were very strong (r= 0.97, p>0.05), indicating that as mesophyll tissue thickness increases, the overall leaf thickness also increases. Notably, leaves at position -8 exhibited the highest rate callogenesis, reaching 204%
The Acoustic Material Constructed by the Fiber of Eichhornia crassipes and Banana Peel as a Sound Pollutant-reducing Solution
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the composition of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with a banana peel on the absorption coefficient value as a composite material for absorbing sound waves. The cellulose within the water hyacinth and banana peel lead to reduced overload sound waves. This study used an experimental method providing banana peel crushed into powder, water hyacinth fiber, and resin (as a catalyst). All samples were prepared with dimensions of 13.5 cm × 25 cm × 0.8 cm. A frequency generator application was used as the sound source (125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), while a sound meter application measured sound intensity (dB). The results indicated that the outer surface of sample D had a superior absorption coefficient, measuring 0.51 at 250 Hz and 0.45 at 2000 Hz. Meanwhile, the inner surface of sample D recorded absorption coefficients of 0.46 at 250 Hz and 0.45 at 2000 Hz. Variations in absorption values were attributed to destructive interference and saturation. Sample D contained more water hyacinth (approximately 30%) than banana peel powder. This suggests that water hyacinth and banana peel powder are viable natural fiber alternatives for sound wave absorption
Mint leaf extract (Mentha x piperita L.) and Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) As Additional Ingredients for Making Hand Sanitizer
Get PDFSpray Hand Sanitizer In this study is a product used as an alternative hand cleansing with the addition of mint leaf extract and bay leaves that contain secondary metabolitic compounds and can form an antibacterial inhibitory zone. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of mint leaf extract (Mentha x piperita L.) and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) As a spray hand sanitizer formulation. The method used is quantitative with a complete random design research design (RAL) consisting of 4 treatments, namely: P0 (30% Bay leaf extract: Control), P1 (3% Mint Leaf Extract + 30% Salam Leaf Extract), P2 (5 % Mint leaf extract + 30% bay leaf extract) and P3 (7% mint leaf extract and 30% bay leaf extract). Data analysis techniques in the form of ANOVA tests and further DMRT tests. The results showed that the addition of mint leaf extract and bay leaves gave effectiveness to the hand sanitizer formulation with the ability to form an inhibitory zone for the staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The largest inhibitory zone is formed by the P3 formulation with an average diameter of 15.78 mm category of strong inhibition. The spray hand sanitizer formulation that is preferred by panelists is the P3 formulation (7% of mint leaf extract + 30% bay leaf extract). The average value of the P3 formulation in the color parameter of 3.57, the aroma parameter of 3.63, the parameter of the use of 3.4 and the absorption rate of 3.57 with a fairly like category
Fermented Feed for Laying Hens: Effects on Egg Quality and the Number of Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria Present
Get PDFEggs are one of the most common food sources for human consumption because they are common, easy to obtain, and nutritious. Eggs contain abundant vitamins and minerals that the human body needs, are a good source of protein and fat and are rich in choline. Despite its high nutritional value, eggs are also one of the leading causes of food poisoning and foodborne diseases in various countries. This is due to contamination in eggs by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter bacteria. Fermented chicken feed contains natural probiotics added to the feed, which improves gut health, better absorption of nutrients, inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, enhances the immune response in chickens. This study is conducted to distinguish the diffrence in quality of eggs that can be physically observed in chicken eggs fed with fermented feed compared to chicken eggs fed regular feed, as well as to compare the number of total bacteria and enteric pathogenic bacteria contained in the contents of chicken eggs that includes Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp bacteria. The methods used in this research include observing egg quality comparisons, calculating and comparing the total number of bacteria, and testing for the presence of enteric pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella, spp. using the plate count method. The resulting data was processed using the one-way ANOVA method with a confidence level of 95%. The results of this research show higher egg quality in fermented fed eggs which is characterized by the color of the yolk which tends to be darker yellow to orange and thicker egg shells. The total bacteria count showed that the bacteria was significantly lower in eggs from chickens fed fermented feed. Tests for the number of enteric bacteria showed positive results for E. coli in 1 out of 10 egg content samples from chicken fed with fermented feed, and positive results for E. coli in 2 out of 10 egg samples from chicken fed with regular feed, while test results for Salmonella spp. showed negative results in all samples
The Improvement of Heart Histopathology of Hypercholesterolemic Mice using Sidempuan Salacca (Salacca sumatrana) Vinegar
Get PDFHypercholesterolemic, a condition characterized by excess cholesterol content, can lead to coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and high-risk heart tissue degeneration. Current drugs, like simvastatin and pravastatin, focus on lowering cholesterol levels without addressing tissue degeneration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sidempuan salacca vinegar in improving cardiac tissue degeneration in hypercholesterolemic mice. The experimental research involved two groups, the treatment group given different doses of sidempuan salacca vinegar and the control group. Histopathological observations showed improvement in cardiac tissue degeneration in hypercholesterolemic mice after treatment with salacca vinegar. The administration of salacca vinegar could serve as a reference for developing alternative hypercholesterolemic drugs that address both cholesterol levels and heart degeneration
Sensitive and Selective Chromatographic Method to Determine Vanadium in Commercial Phosphoric Acid
Get PDFThe spectrophotometric method adopting N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine was exechted for ascertaining vanadium in environmental samples. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a C18 RP column was used to determine vanadium in wet phosphoric acid and phosphate samples. A rapid pre-column response of vanadium with 5-Br-PADAP was used without prior separation or adding any masking agents. The results showed that, the chelates were detected after being injected through the column by UV- Vis detector at wavelength 585 nm. The molar absorptivity is 5.5 x104 and the retention time is 6.3 minutes. The sensitivity of this reagent is equal to twice as high as the use of (PAR) reagent. The RSD was 1.7% for weak concentrations to 0.22% for high concentrations and the relative error (RE) was between 3.21% and 1.07%. In conclusion the method of the currently study was found highly sensitive and selective and the results show a good accuracy and precision