Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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The Effect of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) Flower Extract on Creatinine Levels and Kidney Histophatology in Alloxan-Induced White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFKidney function impairment is a common complication of hyperglycemia, characterized by increased creatinine levels and structural damage to renal tissue. Alloxan is frequently used to induce kidney injury through oxidative stress mechanisms. Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower contains antioxidant compounds with potential nephroprotective effects. This study aims to determine the effect of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract on creatinine levels and kidney histopathology in alloxan-induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with an experimental approach. The negative control group received destilled water, while the positive control group was induced with alloxan (120 mg/kgBW) intraperitoneally and treated with glibenclamide (0.45 mg/kgBW). The treatments groups (P1, P2, and P3) were given alloxan (120 mg/kgBW) and torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract orally at doses of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. This study showed that torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract significantly reduced creatinine levels and improved kidney histopathology (renal tubular necrosis). The 400 mg/kgBW dose was the most effective in lowering creatinine levels and repairing kidney tissue damage
Isolation and Characterization of Constituents from The Extracts of Momordica angustisepala Aerial Parts
Get PDFN-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Momordica angustisepala were screened for the presence of metabolites, using column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques. Octadecane (1), tetradec-5-enoic acid (2), 1,2,3-propanetriyl (8Z,11’Z,14â€Z)tris(-8,11,14-eicostrienoate) (3), methyl oleana-5,12,15-trienoate-3β-acetate (4) and 1,2,3-propanetriyl (9Z,12’Z,15â€Z)tris(-9,12,15-uneicostrienooate) (5) are the compounds obtained from the extracts of M. angustisepala aerial parts using proton and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
Phytochemistry, Toxicity, and Antimalaria Activity of Mangrove Plant from Muara Badak Beach, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content, toxicity, and antimalarial activity of methanol extracts of mangrove leaves Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris. Mangrove leaf extraction by maceration using methanol solvent, then qualitative phytochemical test (color test), toxicity test by BSLT method using Artemia salina, and antimalarial activity test using Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 with Giemsa staining microscopic method. The content of secondary metabolite compounds of methanol extracts of the three mangrove leaf species are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins. The toxicity of methanol extract of R. mucronata mangrove leaves against A. salina is included in the strong category. Meanwhile, the toxicity of S. caseolaris is included in the moderate category and A. marina is in the weak category. Mangrove species R. mucronata and S. caseolaris have good activity against P. falciparum 3D7 with IC50 values 50 μg/ml. Other tissue parts of these three mangrove species still need further exploration for their bioactivity against A. salina and P. falciparum 3D7
Phytochemical Profiling and TLC Analysis of Hymenocardia acida Methanol Leaf Extract
Get PDFThe study investigated the phytochemical constituents and chromatographic profile of Hymenocardia acida leaf extract obtained through methanol extraction. Hymenocardia acida, widely used in traditional medicine across Africa, is reputed for its therapeutic potential in treating various ailments. To explore the bioactive compounds, we conducted a series of qualitative phytochemical screenings to detect the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, steroids. The results revealed a broad spectrum of phytochemicals known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to obtain a chromatographic profile of the methanol extract, aiming to separate and identify potential bioactive compounds. Silica gel plates were used as the stationary phase, and various solvent systems, such as hexane acetate and chloroform were optimized for effective separation of phytochemicals. The resulting TLC plates were analyzed under UV light at 254 nm and 365 nm, and retention factor (Rf) values were calculated to provide preliminary identification. Different solvent systems were used which showed different behaviors in the plant compounds. The resulting mixture between hexane and ethyl acetate at ratio 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 and 5:5 are given as (0), (0,0.26,0.16), (0,0.95,0.94), (0) and (0,0.91,0.95) respectively. The TLC fingerprint and phytochemical profile generated from this study offer valuable insights into the potential pharmacological applications of Hymenocardia acida, supporting its use in traditional medicine and guiding further isolation and characterization of its active compounds for drug development
Proximate Analysis and Chemical Constituents of Psychotria latistipula Benth. (Rubiaceae) Leaves
Get PDFPsychotria latistipula Benth. (Rubiaceae), a traditional Nigerian medicinal plant recognised for its effectiveness in treating cancer, tumours, bronchial and gastrointestinal disorders was investigated for its chemical constituents by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique; also, proximate analysis was done to determine the composition of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, and ash contents, which had not been previously reported. P. latistipula leaves were extracted by maceration using acetone and hexane (1:1). The proximate analysis indicated that the leaves of P. latistipula contain moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, and ash contents of 8.91±0.14, 12.43±0.05, 20.78±0.66, 2.28±0.06, 50.34±0.79, and 5.27±0.16%, respectively, demonstrating a notably high carbohydrate content. The GC-MS identified twenty-eight compounds, making up 93.08% of the total. The dominant classes of these compounds included fatty acid esters, saturated fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and unsaturated fatty acid aldehydes accounting for 19.27%, 18.71%, 13.77% and 13.36% of the total, respectively. Octadecanoic acid (14.03%) was the major compound in P. latistipula leaves acetone-hexane extract. Notably, Octadecanoic acid is known for its potential anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties, which indicates P. latistipula could serve as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer agents further justifying its ethnomedicinal use
Predicting the Anti-Pulmonary Fibrosis Potential of Physalis angulata Compounds A Computational Study
Get PDFPulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by tissue scarring and respiratory decline. Existing treatments have limited efficacy and significant side effects. Physalis angulata, a traditional medicinal plant, shows promise for antifibrotic therapy due to its bioactive compounds potentially targeting key fibrotic pathways. This study aims to predict the potential of Physalis angulata compounds to PI3K/AKT protein as candidates for antifibrotic therapy. Ten active compounds from P. angulata were docked against the PI3K/AKT protein (PDB ID: 2UZT) using AutoDock Vina. Docking was validated by redocking the native ligand. Binding affinities and molecular interactions were analyzed. ADMET properties were predicted via the pkCSM platform to assess pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Myricetrin exhibited the strongest binding affinity (-9.6 kcal/mol), surpassing the native ligand (-9.1 kcal/mol). Other flavonoids, including eriodictyol (-8.9 kcal/mol), naringin (-8.8 kcal/mol), and apigenin (-8.5 kcal/mol), also showed favorable affinities. Critical amino acids involved were Asp184 and Glu121. The redocking RMSD value of 0.893 Ã confirmed methodological accuracy. ADMET predictions revealed high intestinal absorption for tangeretin and apigenin, with no mutagenic or hepatotoxic risks, indicating good pharmacokinetic profiles. Physalis angulata flavonoids exhibit strong PI3K/AKT binding and favorable pharmacokinetics, supporting their potential as antifibrotic agents
Molecular Dynamic Study of Java Cardamom (Wurfbania compacta) Leaf Compounds Targeting Xanthine Oxidase for Antihyperuricemia
Get PDFHyperuricemia is a disorder marked by elevated concentrations of uric acid in the bloodstream, which can trigger gout and other metabolic complications. Conventional therapies such as allopurinol are effective but often cause side effects. This study aims to explore the potential of bioactive compounds from cardamom leaves (Wurfbania compacta) as antihyperuricemic agents through an in silico approach. The methods used include mining phytochemical data from the literature, predicting pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity (ADMET), molecular docking as well as molecular dynamic. The screening results show that the compound with the most stable interaction from cardamom (Wurfbania compacta) with receptors that play a role in inhibiting xanthine oxidase enzyme in silico is the compound kaempferol with a Binding energy value of -8.1 kcal/mol and Ki 1.15 uM (micromolar). ADMET analysis indicates that the main candidate has a good pharmacokinetic profile and low toxicity potential. Based on the results of the RMSD and RMSF molecular dynamic analysis, the kaempferol compound shows a stable level of interaction and has 3 amino acid similarities with the comparison drug allopurinol, namely THR1010, VAL1011 and ALA1078, so it has the potential to be used as a candidate antihyperuricemia drug. These findings suggest that cardamom leaves have prospects as a source of natural antihyperuricemia compounds. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to verify the biological activity and safety of its use
Antipyretic Activity of Stembark Extract of Mammea africana in Rats
Get PDFMammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae), is a tree plant whose parts are variously used locally for the treatment of various diseases such as malaria and fever among others. The stembark extract of M. africana (30 -90 mg/kg) was investigated for antipyretic activity in rats using different experimental models; amphetamine, dinitrophenol and yeast-induced pyrexia. The extract exerted prominent inhibition of pyrexia on amphetamine, dinitrophenol and yeast -induced pyrexia. Inhibition was significant (p<0.05–0.001) from 3 to 5 h post- administration of extract and in a dose-dependent fashion. The antipyretic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The results of this investigation validate the ethnomedical uses of this plant in the treatment of febrile conditions
Molecular Identification of Fungal Complex Associated with Stored Maize Grains Vended in Some Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Get PDFMaize is a crucial global crop but remains highly vulnerable to fungal contamination, which poses serious threats to food safety and agricultural productivity. This study aimed to identify fungal species associated with maize samples from Adamawa State, Nigeria, using morphological and molecular techniques. Morphological analysis facilitated genus-level identification, while rDNA ITS sequencing provided precise species-level classification. The identified fungal species included Lichtheimia ramosa, Aspergillus latus, Aspergillus flavus, Amesia atrobrunnea, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent (48.1%), followed by A. latus (22.1%), L. ramosa (14.3%), C. cladosporioides (12.9%), and A. atrobrunnea (2.6%). Yola North recorded the highest level of fungal contamination. Growth rate analysis showed that L. ramosa exhibited the fastest growth, while A. atrobrunnea had the slowest. Molecular identification confirmed the fungal species, with ITS sequences displaying 81% to 95% similarity to reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis further clarified the evolutionary relationships among the isolates. The dominance of Aspergillus species, particularly A. flavus, raises concerns due to their mycotoxin-producing capabilities, which pose health risks and compromise food safety. While these findings align with previous reports on fungal contamination in stored grains, they differ from studies highlighting Fusarium and Penicillium as dominant contaminants in other regions. This study emphasizes the need for accurate fungal identification, improved storage techniques, and advanced molecular tools to mitigate contamination. These insights are essential for enhancing food security, promoting agricultural sustainability, and safeguarding public health in maize-reliant regions such as Nigeria
Development of Co-Chemotherapeutic Agents and Analysis of the Active Substance Content of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum rhizoma) in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells
Get PDFMetastatic breast cancer also known as stage IV breast cancer. Current chemotherapy agents have several limitations, such as resistance events, side effects, and inadequate efficacy in advanced cancer. It is necessary to develop a more effective chemotherapy model, namely the development of co-chemotherapy agents derived from natural ingredients that have activity in counteracting oxidative stress and preventing metastatic breast cancer, namely red ginger. GC-MS analysis of red ginger oleoresin showed the composition of chemical compounds influenced by variants of soxletation time of 60, 120, and 180 minutes. GC-MS analysis showed that this essential oil consists of volatile compounds, mainly from the sesquiterpene group and namely zingiberene, betha-sesquiphellandrene, betha-bisabolene and ar-curcumene. The results of the cytotoxic test analysis of red ginger extract with socletation time for 60, 120 and 180 minutes respectively obtained IC50 data as follows with 45.16 µg/ml, 37.23 µg/ml and 20.2 µg/ml. The compounds contained in red ginger, such as zingiberene, gingerol, shogaol, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, play an important role in its cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The mechanism by which alpha-Zingiberene induces cell death in cancer cells is mainly through the apoptotic process. The compound causes the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which then activates caspase-3, an apoptotic enzyme