Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry (E-Journal - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity)
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Effectiveness Test of Melon Fruit Peel Ethanol Extract Cream (Cucumis melo) on Incision Wound Healing of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFIncision wounds are a type of open wound that requires treatment to prevent infection and accelerate healing. Using natural ingredient-based creams has become a more practical alternative to conventional ointments. Melon rind (Cucumis melo) contains active compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, and phenols that have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, potentially accelerating wound healing and reducing the risk of infection. This study aims to test the effectiveness of melon rind ethanol extract cream on incision wound healing in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study used an experimental method with three treatment groups: control (bacitracin), 15% melon peel extract cream (P1), and 25% melon peel extract cream (P2). Mice were adapted for 7 days before the treatment test. The cream was applied three times a day for 14 days, and wound diameter and body weight were observed every two days. Observation data were analysed using one way ANOVA test version 26.0. The results showed that melon rind extract cream had physical characteristics that met the standards. ANOVA and LSD tests on wound diameter showed significant differences between control and treatment, although there was no significant difference between P1 and P2. Meanwhile, the ANOVA and LSD test results on body weight showed significant differences between groups. Group P2 showed a steady increase in body weight, indicating the safety of the cream
Effect of Essential Oil of Tejpat, Black Pepper, and Cardamom as a Natural Food Preservatives for Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Juice
Get PDFEssential oil of tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala), black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Amomum subulatum roxb.) collected by hydro distillation, and were tested as natural food preservative in orange juice (Citrus sinensis). The physiochemical changes such as pH, TSS, acidity, total microbial count, yeast and mold count were evaluated at fix time intervals of 4 hours. for 24 hours. It has been observed that the juice sample infused with black pepper essential oil demonstrated superior preservation of TSS, pH and acidity compared to the other variants. Orange juice supplemented with essential oils maintained the microbial count and yeast and mold count below 100 CFU/ml for up to 24 hours. After 24 hours of storage, all samples surpassed the total microbial count. Among the essential oils, black pepper essential oil demonstrated superior preservation compared to the others
Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Phytochemical Screening Analysis of Medicinal Plants in Nagari Lasi, West Sumatra
Get PDFIndonesia is one of the countries titled “Megabiodiversity”, which has a high level of biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Medicinal plants utilize various parts of plants, such as roots, leaves, stems, and fruits for prevention, treatment, and pain relief. Nagari Lasi has great potential in the diversity of medicinal plants, but their utilization by the community is still limited due to a lack of knowledge. This study aims to identify the content of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants through macroscopic, microscopic, and phytochemical screening. The methods include organoleptic observation, macroscopic and microscopic analysis, and phytochemical tests. Of the 150 plant samples, the results showed that 78 samples contained alkaloids, 115 samples contained phenolics, 129 samples contained flavonoids, 75 samples contained steroids, 21 samples contained triterpenoids, and 119 samples contained saponins. This study provides basic information regarding the phytochemical content of medicinal plants in Nagari Lasi as a first step in developing traditional medicine
Histopathological Evaluation of Stomach Protection by Peperomia pellucida L. in Mice with Gastroenteritis
Get PDFGastroenteritis, a widespread condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, poses significant health challenges globally. Conventional treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief and do not address the underlying gastric mucosal damage. Peperomia pellucida L., a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been suggested to possess gastroprotective effects. This study aims to evaluate the histopathological effects of P. pellucida L. on gastric protection in a mouse gastroenteritis model. Male Swiss mice were divided into six groups, receiving different treatments, including the ethanol extract of P. pellucida at varying doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kgBW), followed by induction of gastroenteritis with Escherichia coli. Histopathological analysis was conducted to observe tissue damage across the treatment groups, including necrosis and cell degeneration. The results revealed that P. pellucida L. exhibited significant gastroprotective effects, particularly at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW, reducing gastric mucosal necrosis and inflammation compared to the control groups. The plant’s secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, contributed to the observed protective effects by enhancing mucus production, reducing gastric acidity, and promoting tissue repair. These findings suggest that P. pellucida L. could be an alternative treatment for gastroenteritis and related gastric conditions, offering a natural approach to managing gastric inflammation and mucosal protection
Antimicrobial Potential of Phytochemicals from Coccinia grandis Leaves: A Molecular Docking Study Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 5 of Escherichia coli and DNA Topoisomerase IV Subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Get PDFCoccinia grandis (C. grandis) leaves, traditionally used in Sri Lanka for diabetes management, also have a potential antimicrobial activity. In this study, site-specific molecular docking was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of phytochemicals of Coccinia grandis leaves against Penicillin-binding protein 5 (PBP 5) and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Penicillin was selected as the reference molecule for Penicillin-binding protein 5 and for DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa), Novobiocin was selected as the reference molecule. The results identified Lupeol (-7.72 kcal/mol) and Beta-Sitosterol (-8.21kcal/mol) have a higher binding affinity to PBP5 of E. coli than Penicillin (-7.20 kcal/mol). Quercetin (-6.70 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.95 kcal/mol), Naringenin (-7.07 kcal/mol), Isoquercetin (-6.15 kcal/mol), Lupeol (-7.87 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (-9.42 kcal/mol) and Sanguinarine (-9.07 kcal/mol) show higher binding affinity to DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of S. aureus than novobiocin (-6.04 kcal/mol). As well Quercetin (-6.85 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.82 kcal/mol), Naringenin (-7.23 kcal/mol), Isoquercetin (-6.20 kcal/mol), Lupeol (-7.67 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (-9.08 kcal/mol) and Sanguinarine (-9.03 kcal/mol) show higher binding affinity to DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of E. coli than novobiocin (-5.76 kcal/mol). In silico pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameter predictions were also conducted to study drug-likeness of above molecules using specialized web servers
Utilization of QR Code Technology in Population Management and Identification of Cattle in Sindue District, Central Sulawesi
Get PDFThe implementation of a QR barcode-based recording system in Sindue District aimed to improve livestock management efficiency. However, digital transformation in rural livestock management faces challenges such as a lack of technological understanding and limited smartphone access. The objective of this study was to analyze livestock farmers' perceptions of the recording system and digital transformation. The method used in this study was a survey with structured interviews (questionnaires) with 66 sample livestock farmers. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and correlation. The results showed that farmers' perceptions of QR barcode technology fell into the "Quite Agree" category, with a total score of 398. The knowledge subvariable showed limited understanding of QR barcode technology (63.8% did not understand), but awareness of its benefits received a high response (83.3% agreed). The socio-cultural aspect received a very positive response (score 195), while the constraints subvariable received a low response (score 106). Farmers support the implementation of a digital QR barcode recording system, although implementation remains hampered by limited technical understanding. Furthermore, correlation analysis shows a significant relationship between the recording system and digital technology (p < 0.05), with the strongest relationship being between sociocultural aspects and constraints (r = 0.750)
The Potential of Spirulina platensis Biostimulan as a Seed Priming Agent to Enhance the Vigor and Viability of Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus)
Get PDFSpirulina platensis is a microalgae that can grow in waste media, including Sugar Mill Effluent (SME). In addition, Spirulina contains phytohormones that can be utilized to enhance seed germination. Cultivating microalgae will produce biomass that can be used for priming cucumber seeds. This research aims to determine the effect of Spirulina biomass and soaking time on the germination of cucumber seeds. In this research, a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of 5 levels of microalgae biomass concentration: control (untreated seeds), 0, 30, 45, and 60%, with soaking time of 3 levels: 1, 2, and 3 hours. The results demonstrated that Spirulina can grow in SME-based media, as indicated by the increase in size and density of microalgae cells. Analysis of the seed priming test results of 45% algae biomass concentration for 1 and 3 hours showed a significant effect on the parameter of vigor index, seed growth rate, and simultaneous seed growth. In the treatment with a 60% concentration and soaking time of 1, 2, and 3 hours, significant effects were observed on the parameters of MGT, vigor index, seed growth rate, and shoot length. Even though the 45% and 60% treatments showed no significant differences in the few parameters, the priming with Spirulina platensis exhibited no decrease in cucumber seed germination, these applications indicated no decrease in seed germination. This demonstrates that priming treatment with Spirulina platensis is not toxic to seedling growth
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Rytigynia nigerica (S. Moore) Robyns Roots Extracts
Get PDFRytigynia nigerica (Rubiaceae), a medicinal herb native to West Africa, is known for its antimalarial and anticancer properties and is traditionally used to treat various ailments. However, the biological activities of R. nigerica have not yet been fully studied. However, this study was designed to extract, analyse, and evaluate the antioxidant potential and phytochemical screening in the root extracts of R. nigerica. The roots were obtained from the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan and authenticated. The air-dried and pulverised root samples were extracted with methanol using the Maceration method and then partitioned into n-hexane and ethyl acetate using the liquid-liquid extraction method. The phytochemical screening was evaluated using the standard method, while antioxidant activity was investigated viz 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assays. The phytochemical screening analysis revealed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, reducing sugars, alkaloids and resins in the root extract. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was significant when compared to reference standards. The percentage inhibition of the antioxidant extracts and reference standard are as follows: n-hexane extract (58.50 -45.08%), ethyl acetate extract (90.62-67.82%), Methanol extract (70.81-52.97%), Vitamin C (95.66-91.63%) and butyl hydroxyanisole (94.76-90.96%). The antioxidant inhibition of the free radical was concentration-dependent. The results obtained in this study indicate that R. nigerica root extracts exhibit antioxidant properties, suggesting potential pharmaceutical applications
The Antivirulence Mechanisms of Phytate Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Skin Infections
Get PDFSkin infections caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Propionibacterium acnes are often a common health problem. One treatment is antibiotics, but the cases of antibiotic resistance are increasing. Thus, new treatment alternatives are needed. This study aimed to analyze the molecular mechanism of phytate antivirulence against pathogenic bacteria of skin infection. This study used a bioinformatics approach involving analysis of phytate interactions with bacterial virulent proteins via STITCH, functional classification of proteins with VICMpred, and prediction of virulence properties using VirulentPred. B-cell and MHC epitopes were analyzed using IEDB, while protein subcellular location was determined through PSORTb. The results showed that phytate interacted specifically with virulent proteins in all three bacteria, most of which functioned in cellular and metabolic processes. These virulent proteins also have immunologically relevant epitopes. Subcellular location analysis showed that phytate protein targets were dispersed in the cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm. These findings indicated that phytate has a significant antivirulence mechanism by targeting virulent proteins of skin pathogenic bacteria, thus potentially becoming a therapeutic agent to treat skin infections while reducing antibiotic resistance
In Vivo Evaluation of Antidepressant Potential of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Robb.) Ethanol Extract in Mus musculus
Get PDFTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) is a medicinal plant from the Zingiberceae family widely used in Indonesia for its various bioactives, including antiviral, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective properties. This research aims to evaluate the antidepressant potential of Curcuma xanthorriza ethanol extract in Mus musculus through in vivo testing. The extraction used the maceration method with 96% ethanol as a solvent, yielding 5.2504% extract. The primary bioactive compounds identified in the extract were terpenoids and curcuminoids, which are known for their neuroprotective and antidepressant effects. The antidepressant activity was assessed using the tail-suspension test (TST) and forced-swimming test (FST), with immobility time as the main parameter. Amitriptyline, a standard antidepressant, was used as a positive control, while sodium carboxymethylcellulose served as a negative control. The results showed that increasing doses of Curcuma xanthorriza extract significantly reduced immobility time, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. Statistical analysis revealed that the immobility time in mice treated with a 650 mg/Kg BW dose of Curcuma xanthorriza extract was not significantly different from the amitriptyline group, suggesting comparable efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of Curcuma xanthorriza ethanol extract as a natural antidepressant, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and clinical applications