University of Windsor, Ontario: Open Journal Systems
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Un critère modal pour l\u27argumentation épistémique
No full textIn this paper, I spell out and argue for a new epistemic theory of argumentation. Contrary to extant views, this theory is compatible with a pluralistic framework on argumentation, where the norms governing argumentation depend on the aim with which we engage in the practice. A domain of specifically epistemic argumentation is singled out, and I argue based on recent findings in modal epistemology that this domain is governed by the modal norm of safety; where a belief is safe just in case it is produced by a method that would not easily produce a false belief. While this criterion is well-known and uncontroversial in epistemology, it has hitherto not been applied to epistemic theories of argumentation. I show that the norm allows for a novel and superior perspective of the relevance of the persistent interlocutor in argumentation theory, and on the relation between dialectical and epistemic norms more generally.Dans cet article, j\u27adopte un cadre pluraliste sur l\u27argumentation, où les normes qui dirigent la construction et l’évaluation de l’argumentation dépendent du but de notre engagement dans cette pratique. Un domaine d\u27argumentation spécifiquement épistémique est distingué, et je soutiens, sur la base de découvertes récentes en épistémologie modale, que ce domaine est dirigé par la norme modale de sécurité, selon laquelle une croyance est sûre juste au cas où elle serait produite par une méthode qui ne produirait pas facilement une fausse croyance. Bien que ce critère soit bien connu et non controversé en épistémologie, il n\u27a jusqu\u27à présent pas été appliqué aux théories épistémiques de l\u27argumentation. Je montre la fécondité d\u27introduire cette norme modale dans notre théorie de l\u27argumentation en soutenant que cela permet une perspective nouvelle et supérieure sur la pertinence de l\u27interlocuteur persistant dans la théorie de l\u27argumentation, et plus généralement sur la relation entre les norms dialectiques et épistémiques.
Decolonizing Educational Leadership: Exploring Alternative Approaches to Leading Schools
No full textOntario Human Rights Commission Right to Read Report: Sincere, Passionate, Flawed
No full textThe Right to Read report highlights the fact that children who experience dyslexia are not being adequately supported in Ontario schools. The report’s call for the establishment of a more effective identification and intervention infrastructure within the school system is timely and persuasive. Unfortunately, the Right to Read report advances two unsubstantiated claims to explain the reading difficulties some children experience in the early grades. Specifically, it argues that Ontario schools are failing to teach reading skills effectively for all students, not just those with specific reading disabilities. Second, it attributes this general failure to the fact that most Ontario schools implement a balanced approach to reading instruction, which the report claims, pays insufficient attention to teaching sound/letter correspondences in a systematic, explicit, and intensive way. Neither of these claims is supported by the scientific data. Ontario students are consistently among the top performers in cross-Canada and international comparisons of reading performance. Furthermore, the empirical research is fully consistent with the implementation of a balanced or contextualized approach to literacy instruction that integrates the teaching of sound/symbol relationships with a more general commitment to immerse children into a literacy-rich instructional environment
The Wretched of the Work: Anger, Fear, and Hopelessness as Impacts of Experiencing Workplace Racism in British Columbia, Canada
No full textDrawing inspiration from Frantz Fanon’s work on the colonization of racialized subjects, this article illuminates how racial discrimination impacted the wretched of the work, in reference to a group of racialized civil servants, in primarily White institutions of public service in British Columbia, Canada. Specifically, using data from twenty-five in-depth qualitative interviews, the article presents findings on the affective impacts of workplace racism on this group of participants. In this regard, anger is discussed as internalized, nonviolent and pent-up frustration over oppressive everyday microprocesses that presented significant workplace barriers to racialized workers. Subsequently, fear is outlined as shaped by the lingering concerns on the part of racialized subjects over the very real prospects that their employers could retaliate against participants using any pretext and at any given time. Lastly, hopelessness is explicated as the feeling of disempowerment driven by the belief that workplace inequities would persist irrespective of what participants did to seek equal and respectful treatment at work. Ultimately, through outlining findings as anger, fear, and hopelessness, this article adds to the existing body of scholarship on how workplace racism not only leaves an indelible mark on racialized targets but also why it wreaks havoc in employment relations, further reinforcing existing empirical literature on the debilitating impacts of workplace racism. Lastly, in view of the fact that racialized public servants have received scant research attention, the findings underscore the need for publicly-funded employers to address White supremacy and institutional domination in their midst on a priority basis
Logiques pour l\u27argumentation "non logique": Une défense "néo-logiciste" de la primauté du mode d\u27argumentation "logique" dans la théorie multimodale de l\u27argumentation de Gilbert
No full textOn Gilbert’s multi-modal theory of argumentation, the “logical” is but one among many modes of argument, including the emotional, the visceral (physical), and the kisceral (intuitive). Yet, I argue that, properly understood, the logical is not one mode among many. Rather, it is better understood as the uber-mode of argument. What Gilbert calls the “logical mode” of argument—a linear, orderly, highly verbalizable, way of arguing—is made possible only to the extent that the logic of some space of reasons has been articulated. The “anti-logical” penchant of multi-modal argumentation is not found at the object-level—in its countenancing “non-logical” modes of argument, but at the meta-level—in its resistance, as a mistaken embracing of the “logical” mode, to using the logics governing the different modes to self-regulate the course of our arguings.Selon la théorie multimodale de l\u27argumentation de Gilbert, le mode "logique" n\u27est qu\u27un parmi de nombreux modes d\u27argumentation, y compris l\u27émotionnel, le viscéral (physique) et le kiscéral (intuitif). Pourtant, je soutiens que, bien comprise, la logique n\u27est pas un mode parmi d\u27autres. Au contraire, la logique est mieux comprise comme le super-mode d\u27argumentation. Ce que Gilbert appelle le « mode logique » de l\u27argumentation – une manière linéaire, ordonnée et hautement verbalisable d\u27argumenter – n\u27est rendu possible que dans la mesure où la logique d\u27un certain espace de raisons a été articulée. Le penchant « anti-logique » de l\u27argumentation multimodale ne se trouve pas au niveau de l\u27objet - dans son approbation des modes d\u27argumentation « non logiques », mais au niveau méta - dans sa résistance, en tant qu\u27acceptation erronée du mode « logique », à utiliser les logiques régissant les différents modes pour autoréguler le cours de nos argumentations
The Triumph of the “Therapeutic” in Quebec Courts: Mental Health, Behavioural Reform and the Decline of Rights
No full textIn the Canadian province of Quebec, the role of the courts is crucial in civil, criminal or administrative proceedings concerning mental health: the courts must ensure both public safety and the protection of the rights of defendants.
Therapeutic-jurisprudence theory has had a major influence on mental-health court practice over the past 30 years. According to that theory, the court system must take into account the therapeutic effects of the law and the judicial process to promote adherence to treatment by defendants.
The empirical analysis of judicial practices in Quebec shows that courts have been the main actors in the decline of rights in mental health. Therapeutic justice has been dominated by discriminatory, controlling and reformist tendencies. These include the trivialization of concerns about the judicialization of groups living in precarious conditions, inconsistent and lifestyle-oriented legal arguments, and treatment-related judicial decisions.Dans la province canadienne du Québec, les tribunaux jouent un rôle crucial dans les instances civiles, criminelles ou administratives concernant la santé mentale, puisqu’ils doivent assurer à la fois la sécurité du public et la protection des droits des défendeurs. Au cours des 30 dernières années, la théorie de la jurisprudence thérapeutique a eu une grande influence sur la pratique des tribunaux de santé mentale. Selon cette théorie, le système judiciaire doit tenir compte des effets thérapeutiques de la loi et du processus judiciaire pour inciter les défendeurs à suivre leur programme de traitement.
L’analyse empirique des pratiques judiciaires suivies au Québec montre que le déclin des droits en matière de santé mentale est imputable d’abord et avant tout aux tribunaux. La justice thérapeutique est dominée par des attitudes de nature discriminatoire, contrôlante et réformiste. Ainsi, les inquiétudes entourant la judiciarisation des groupes qui vivent dans des conditions précaires sont banalisées, de même que celles qui concernent le recours à des arguments juridiques contradictoires et axés sur le mode de vie et les décisions judiciaires rendues en matière de traitement
Note: Transfer of Sentenced Persons in Brazil
No full textThis note addresses the legal basis for the transfer of sentenced persons in Brazil in the light of data provided by governmental agencies, the purposes of the practice, and the contributions of the specialized literature and international organizations
Preface to Volume 8 (2022)
No full textIn this Volume, we are pleased to present papers written, or jointly written, by the Editors, Philip MacEwen and Sandra Tomsons, and two members of our Editorial Board, Jane Dryden and Lorraine Mayer.
The papers in Volume 8 deal with a range of topics in practical philosophy