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Salvia officinalis leaf extract-stabilized NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite: Green hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and supercapacitor application
No full textIn this study, NiO nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite were synthesized for the first time using a Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) extract-assisted hydrothermal process. The S. officinalis leaf extract served as a natural reducing and capping agent. The synthesized NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The direct and indirect band gap energies of NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO were found to be 3.00, 2.28, and 2.71 eV, and 2.63, 1.91, and 2.23 eV, respectively. The crystallite sizes were analyzed using PXRD spectra through Scherrer and Williamson-Hall (W-H) methods. TEM analysis revealed that the average particle sizes of NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO were 16.0, 207.5, and 31.0 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of all nanomaterials were assessed via the VSM technique. Specific capacitance (Cs) values, determined from CV voltammograms, were 196.8, 632.4, and 785 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 25 mVs-1 for NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO, respectively. These findings suggest that the green-synthesized NiO@ZnO nanocomposite holds significant potential as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor applications.Duzce University Scientific Project [2022.05.03.1365]This work was supported by the Duzce University Scientific Project (Number: 2022.05.03.1365)
Eastern madrasahs in the tradition of hadith science
No full textİslâm tarihi boyunca ilim ve ilim merkezleri hep rağbet görmüştür. İlmi anlamda usulü ve metodu sistemleştirilen ilk ilim ise Hadis ve usulü hadis olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hadisler ilk nesil olan sahabeden itibaren gerek sözlü-şifahi gerekse yazılı malzeme olarak sonraki nesillere nakledilmiştir. Nakledilen hadisler titiz ve gayretli çalışmalar sonucunda sistemleştirilmiş, tedvin ve tasnife tabi tutulmuştur. İslâm'ın erken dönemlerinden itibaren tedvin edilen hadisler farklı zaman ve mekanlarda mütalaa edilip hıfzedilmiştir. Bu mekanların başında ise şüphesiz İslâm medeniyetinin kurucu unsurlarından olan medreseler gelmektedir. Medreseler çeşitli fonksiyonları haiz olmakla birlikte özellikle nakli ilimlerin korunması, ezberlenmesi ve savunulması görevlerini üstlenmiştir. İslâm dünyasında tarih boyunca irili-ufaklı sayısız medrese kurulmuştur. Kurulan bu medreselerden bir kısmı da ülkemiz sınırları içerisinde yer alan, tarih boyunca bulunduğu bölgenin ilmi ihtiyacını karşılayan Doğu medreseleridir. Çalışmada Doğu medreselerinin hadis ve usulü hadis ile münasebeti, Doğu medreselerinde hadis ilminin yeri ve önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra müderrislerin hadis ve usulü hadise vukûfiyetleri, günümüz dünyasında hadislere bakış açıları ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca bölge âlimleri ve müderrislerinin hadis-usulü hadise dair kaleme aldıkları eserlerine de değinilerek kısaca tanıtılmıştır.Throughout Islamic history, science and centers of knowledge have always been in demand. The first science whose method and procedure were systematized in terms of science is Hadith and its methodology. Hadiths have been transmitted to subsequent generations as oral and written materials, starting from the first generation of the Companions. The transmitted hadiths have been systematized, compiled and classified as a result of meticulous and diligent studies. The hadiths compiled since the early periods of Islam have been studied and memorized in different times and places. At the forefront of these places are undoubtedly the madrasahs, which are among the founding elements of Islamic civilization. Although madrasahs have various functions, they have undertaken the duties of preserving, memorizing and defending the transmitted sciences in particular. Numerous large and small madrasahs have been established throughout history in the Islamic world. One of these established madrasahs is the Eastern Madrasahs, which are located within the borders of our country and have met the scientific needs of the region in which they are located throughout history. In this study, the relationship between Eastern madrasahs and hadith and the place and importance of hadith in Eastern madrasahs is emphasized. In addition, the mastery of hadith and the methodology of hadith by the lecturers and their perspectives on hadith in today's world are discussed. In addition, the works written by the scholars and lecturers of the region on hadith and the methodology of hadith are briefly introduced
Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels
No full textDrought, one of the abiotic stress factors that threatens world food security, destructively limits the growth and development of agricultural plants. Therefore, determining drought-resistant cultivars is of vital importance against increasing climate change. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important economic agricultural plants grown worldwide. In this study, different drought stress tolerances (10% PEG (Polyethylene Glycol 6000) and water scarcity) were applied to four commercial tomato cultivars (Rio Grande, Falcon, H-2274, Tyfrane F1) and the effects of drought stress were evaluated within the scope of physiological (germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll content, relative water content) and biochemical (protein amount, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase activity (POX), catalase activity (CAT), hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation activity (TBARs)) parameters. According to the research results, it was determined that drought stress leads to decreased root-shoot lengths, chlorophyll content, relative water content, fresh and dry weights, and antioxidant enzyme activities in Falcon and H-2274 cultures, increasing TBARs and H2O2 amounts. While the relative water content, which is an indicator of drought stress, shows the water status of the plant, antioxidant enzyme systems are evidence of the resilience of the defense mechanisms of the cultures. In this context, the Falcon cultivar had significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%), relative water content (20%, 30%), chlorophyll content (7%, 23%), fresh weight (51%, 49%) and dry weight (9%, 29%) under PEG and water scarcity application; in contrast to these reductions, TBARs (2%, 14%) and H2O2 content (3%, 15%) were significantly increased compared to the control, proving that it is a susceptible cultivar. On the other hand, a slight decrease in relative water content (1%, 3%), a slight increase in total chlorophyll content (6%), intense CAT activity (50%, 67%) and SOD activity (30%), but a decrease in lipid peroxidation level (5%, 22%) and a decrease in H2O2 content (11%, 15%), were detected in the Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control, proving that this cultivar is resistant to drought and can be effectively grown in water-scarce areas. It was determined that four tomato cultivars had different perception and antioxidant defense systems against drought stress. As a result, when four tomato cultivars under different drought stress levels were evaluated in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters, the tolerance levels were determined as Rio Grande > Tyfrane F1 approximate to Tyfrane F1 > H-2274 > Falcon. In this context, the different responses of tomato cultivars to PEG and water scarcity are important for the selection of drought-resistant cultivars and the development of strategies to increase plant productivity under abiotic stress conditions.TUBITAK 2218-National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program [123C333]We would like to thank TUBITAK 2218-National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program (Project number: 123C333) for supporting this study. In addition, the authors thank Okan ACAR for scientific support with this manuscript
Influence of palmar plate injury on outcomes of zone 2 flexor tendon repair
No full textThis study investigates the impact of proximal interphalangeal joint palmar plate injury on outcomes of flexor tendon repair in zone 2, excluding cases with fractures or dislocations. A retrospective review of 47 digits in 45 patients treated between 2014 and 2022 was conducted, analysing surgical notes, ultrasound images and patient photographs. The palmar plate was injured in 17 digits and intact in 30. Outcomes were assessed using the Strickland criteria for active range of movement 6 months postoperatively. Our analysis revealed that palmar plate injuries significantly affect flexor tendon repair outcomes, with a normal palmar plate increasing the likelihood of excellent recovery by 18 times. Although previous studies indicate no consensus on the impact of flexor digitorum superficialis repair, our findings emphasize the importance of palmar plate integrity. Nerve injury and flexor digitorum superficialis repair did not show significant effects on recovery in this cohort. Our study provides valuable insights into the importance of the injury to the palmar plate.Level of evidence: IIIWe would like to extend our gratitude to ACELEMDER and Prof. Dr. Turker Ozkan for providing the technical support and unwavering encouragement that made this study possible. Our deepest thanks go to EMOT Hospital and Prof. Dr. Sait Ada for their mentorship and guidance. Their dedication to supporting the growth of our residents and broadening our horizons has been an inspiration
The impact of neuropsychiatric burden on Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) disease severity
No full textObjective: In patients with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), neuropsychiatric comorbidities like anxiety, depression, and somatization are common, yet the precise connection between somatization and RLS severity remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the influence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities on RLS severity, focusing particularly on the role of somatization. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at a tertiary hospital. All 113 RLS patients who followed in neurology clinic for at least a year were invited, and 87 participated. Data collection included sociodemographic details, the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLS), the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Scale, and Somatization Scale. Elastic-net regularized path analysis was used as the statistical method. Results: Among the 87 participants (70.1 % female, mean age 52.5 +/- 13.2 years), the mean duration of RLS diagnosis was 4.95 +/- 4.53 years. Univariate statistics revealed positive correlations among RLS severity, anxiety, depression, and somatization. Path analysis showed that somatization was associated with RLS severity (p = 0.014). Anxiety had no direct effect on RLS severity but influenced it indirectly through its positive association with somatization (p < 0.001). Depression was found to have no effect on RLS severity, either directly or through somatization. Conclusions: The relationship between anxiety and RLS severity is mediated by somatization. Furthermore, the association between RLS severity and somatization appears to be more significant than previously recognized, highlighting the importance of considering somatization in addressing the neuropsychiatric burden of RLS patients
Spatio-temporal effects of drought on agricultural yields at basin scale: A geographic analysis and assessment
No full textBu çalışma, Türkiye'nin 24 hidrolojik havzası ve topografik koşullara göre belirlenen alt havzalarda, 1991-2022 döneminde meteorolojik kuraklık ile buğday üretiminde yaşanan tarımsal kuraklık arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektedir. Araştırma, SPI, SPEI, RDI ve aSPI kuraklık indisleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve kuraklık ile verim arasındaki mekânsal ve zamansal değişim, iklim değişikliği ile coğrafi faktörlerin etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, kuraklık indislerine göre aşırı kurak dönemler aylık ve yıllık bazda belirlenmiş, ardından meteorolojik kuraklıkların buğday verimi üzerindeki etkisi havza bazında incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, havzalardaki meteoroloji istasyonlarında en yüksek üretim değerine sahip ikinci tarımsal ürün belirlenmiş ve bu ürünün de meteorolojik kuraklık ile verim arasındaki ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Son olarak, meteorolojik kuraklıkların tarımsal üretime etkisinin, coğrafi özellikler ve atmosferik koşulların değişimine bağlı olarak mekânsal ve zamansal düzeyde nasıl farklılaştığı ortaya konmuştur.This study analyses the relationship between meteorological drought and agricultural drought in wheat production from 1991 to 2022 in 24 hydrological basins and sub-basins defined based on topographic conditions in Turkey. The research was carried out using SPI, SPEI, RDI and aSPI drought indices and the spatial and temporal variations between drought and yield was evaluated by considering the effects of climate change and geographical factors. In the study, extreme dry periods were determined on monthly and annual basis according to drought indices, and then the effect of meteorological droughts on wheat yield was analysed the basin level. In addition, the second most valuable agricultural product in terms of production within the meteorological stations of the basins was identified and its the relationship between meteorological drought and yield of this product was investigated. Finally, how the effect of meteorological droughts on agricultural production varies spatially and temporally depending on geographical characteristics and changes in atmospheric conditions was revealed
Türkiye, Çanakkale İli Zeytin Bahçelerindeki Bitki Paraziti Nematod Faunasının Belirlenmesi ve Toprak Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi
No full textIn September 2023, a total of 185 soil samples were collected from the olive orchards in Çanakkale province’s Centre district and the districts of Ayvacık, Bayramiç, Biga, Ezine, and Lapseki to identify the plant-parasitic nematode communities present, determine their distribution maps, and evaluate soil quality by demonstrating the use of nematodes as bioindicators. A total of 22.257 nematode individuals were examined, and 33 genera belonging to 19 families were identified. The Rhabditida order constituted 47.62% of the population, followed by the Tylenchida order with 23.18% and the Aphelenchida order with 22.44%. The most prevalent plant-parasitic nematodes were identified as Merlinius spp. Siddiqi, 1970 (Tylenchida: Dolichodoridae) (10.41%), Tylenchus spp. Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (3.47%) and Helicotylenchus spp. Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) (1.77%). The dominance of the p-p 3 group indicates that this group has a common life strategy among herbivorous nematodes and poses a potential threat in agricultural ecosystems. The prevalence of the c-p 2 group among free-living nematodes highlights the critical role of this group in ecosystem processes, particularly in organic matter cycling and soil health.Eylül ayı 2023’te Çanakkale ilinin Merkez ilçesi ile Ayvacık, Bayramiç, Biga, Ezine ve Lapseki ilçelerindeki zeytin bahçelerinden toplam 185 toprak örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örnekler bölgede bulunan bitki-paraziti nematod topluluklarını tanımlamak, dağılım haritalarını belirlemek ve nematodların biyoindikatör olarak kullanımını göstererek toprak kalitesini değerlendirmek amacıyla incelenmiştir. Toplamda 22.257 nematod bireyi incelenmiş ve 19 familyaya ait 33 cins tanımlanmıştır. Popülasyonun %47.62'sini Rhabditida takımı oluştururken bunu %23.18 ile Tylenchida ve %22.44 ile Aphelenchida takip etmiştir. En yaygın bitki-paraziti nematodlar Merlinius spp. Siddiqi, 1970 (Tylenchida: Dolichodoridae) (%10.41), Tylenchus spp. Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (%3.47) ve Helicotylenchus spp. Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) (%1.77) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Herbivor nematodlar arasında p-p 3 grubunun baskınlığı, bu grubun ortak bir yaşam stratejisine sahip olduğunu ve tarımsal ekosistemlerde potansiyel bir tehdit oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir. Serbest yaşayan nematodlar arasında c-p 2 grubunun yaygınlığı ise bu grubun ekosistem süreçlerinde, özellikle organik madde döngüsü ve toprak sağlığında oynadığı kritik rolü vurgulamaktadır
Compact objects in f(R,Lm) theory
Full text linkIn this study, it is aimed to investigate the Krori-Barua type compact stars within the scope of f(R, L-m) theory. In this context, first, the field equations are obtained by considering the f(R, L-m) = R/2 + alpha L-m(n) model. Interestingly, the model offers chance to attain all components of matter without any restrictions. In addition, data sets from LMC X-4, EXO 1785-248 and Cen X-3 are used to analyze physical stability of the solutions. It is obtained that all conditions such as causality and stability. which indicate consistency between compact objects and f(R, L-m) theory are valid for the constructed model. We obtained that small values of n in the f(R, L-m) function show significant effect on the consistency of the star models. Therefore, different n values are considered for each star data set when graphing the physical states. Finally, necessary quantities of the model are defined, compared with the considered stars and discussed in detail
Lactoferrin: Properties and Potential Uses in the Food Industry
No full textThis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kDa glycoprotein that contains approximately 700 amino acids and is a member of the transferrin family. The essential properties of LF, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and probiotic effects, have been studied for decades. The iron chelation activity of LF is significantly associated with its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Owing to its probiotic and prebiotic activity, LF also facilitates the growth of beneficial microorganisms and iron-defense immediate-effect properties on pathogens. Additionally, the ability to regulate cell signaling pathways and immune responses makes LF a prominent modulatory protein. These diverse characteristics of LF have gained interest in its therapeutic potential. Studies have suggested that LF could serve as an alternative source to antibiotics in severe infections and illnesses. LF has also gained interest in the food industry for its potential as an additive to fortify products such as yogurt, infant formula, and meat derivatives while also improving the shelf life of foods and providing antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Prior to using LF in the food industry, the safety and toxicity of food processing are necessary to be investigated. These safety investigations are crucial for addressing potential harm or side effects and ensuring a healthy lifestyle. This review discusses the attributes and safety of LF, particularly its exploitation in the food industry
Sosyal Belediyecilik Anlayışı Bağlamında Sokak Hayvanları ve Güncel Tartışmalar
Full text linkDevelopments in the field of public administration have prompted institutions to redefine themselves and undertake institutional improvements to provide more efficient services. These developments have brought local dynamics to the forefront, enabling local governments to manifest the principle of the “welfare state” within the framework of social assistance and services. In this context, municipalities, which stand out among local governments, strive to meet the needs of their residents through social assistance and services in line with the understanding of social municipalism. It is observed that municipalities also provide services for non-human living beings (such as stray animals) and, in this scope, operate with institutional structures that include units dedicated to animals. This study discusses the authority and responsibilities of municipalities towards stray animals within the framework of social municipalism, based on recent regulations. The study is designed within the context of legal regulations in Turkey. Utilizing the document analysis technique, data obtained and debates covered in the media are examined to interpret the issue of stray animals a social phenomenon within the framework of social municipalism. Recommendations are offered for urban life in which city residents can feel safe. Ensuring public health and safety, envisioned as one of the fundamental components of an ideal urban design, has been regarded as a process that begins with the establishment of safe streetsKamu yönetimi alanında yaşanan gelişmeler kurumların kendilerini yeniden tanımlamalarını ve daha verimli hizmet sunabilmek adına kurumsal iyileştirmelerin gerçekleştirilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu gelişmeler yerel dinamikleri ön plana çıkartırken yerel yönetimlerin sosyal yardım ve hizmetler çerçevesinde “sosyal devlet” ilkesinin bir tezahürü olarak varlık göstermelerini sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda yerel yönetimler arasında ön plana çıkan belediyeler sosyal belediyecilik anlayışı gereğince sosyal yardım ve hizmetlerle belediye sakinlerinin ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermeye çalışmaktadırlar. Belediyelerin insanlar dışındaki canlılar (sokak hayvanları) içinde hizmet vermeye çalıştıkları ve bu kapsamda kurumsal yapılanmalarında hayvanlarla ilgili birimlerin varlığıyla faaliyet gerçekleştirdikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sosyal belediyecilik anlayışı çerçevesinde belediyelerin sokak hayvanlarına yönelik yetki ve sorumlulukları güncel düzenlemeler üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Çalışma, Türkiye’deki yasal düzenlemeler çerçevesinde tasarlanmıştır. Doküman analizi tekniğinden yararlanılarak ulaşılan veriler ve basında yer alan tartışmalar ışığında sosyal bir fenomen haline gelen sokak hayvanları sorunu sosyal belediyecilik anlayışıyla yorumlanmış olup kent sakinlerinin kendilerini güvende hissedeceği şehir hayatına dair önerilerde bulunulmuştur. İdeal bir kent tasarımının temel bileşkelerinden birisi olarak tasavvur edilen halk sağlığı ve güvenliğini temin etmek, güvenli sokakların ihdasıyla başlayacak bir süreç olarak değerlendirilmiştir